句子结构划分.ppt

1、Integrating Skills,句子成分 (Members of a Sentence),句子成分(Members of a Sentence) 句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有六种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）和状语(adverbial)。,汉语与英语就句子成分表面上看来差不多，实际上有不少差别。例

2、如： (1) Xiao Li went to bed as soon as he came home. 小李回家后, 立刻就睡觉了。 (2) Ill go when I have had my dinner. 我吃了饭就去。 在英语中，同一个主语在第二次出现时不能省略，必须把每个谓语所陈述的对象都表示出来。而在汉语中，同一个主语在句中第二次出现时，就可以省略。如例（）中，汉语说小李回家后立刻就睡觉了，省去了第二个分句的主语，倒可以避免造成误解。若将第二次出现的主语补出来，说成小李回家后，他立刻就睡觉了。听的人反而可能把那个他误会成另一个人。,英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组

3、合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下： 一： （主谓） 二： （主谓表） 三： （主谓宾） 四： （主谓间宾直宾） 五： （主谓宾宾补）,1.S(主） + Vi（不及物动词）（谓）Time flies.1) S + V + adverbial(状语）Birds sing beautifully.2) S + Vi+ prep Phrase（介词短语）He went on holiday.3) S + Vi+ Infinitive (不定式）We stopped to have a rest.4) S + Vi+ Participle (分

4、词）Ill go swimming.,2. S (主）+ Vt （及物动词）（谓）+ O（宾）We like English.1) S + VT + N/PronI like music.I like her.2) S + VT + infinitive(不定式）I want to help him.常用于这句型的动词有：attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, purpose, refuse, want, wish等。3) S + VT

5、 + Wh-Word + InfinitiveI dont know what to do.常用于这句型的动词有：ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn, observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder等。,4) S + VT + GerundI enjoy living here.常用于这句型的动词有：admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend,

6、 enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, cant help等。5) S + VT + That-clauseI dont think (that) he is right.常用于这句型的动词有：Admit, believe, command, confess, declare, demand, deny, doubt, expect, explain, feel(觉得）, hear（听说）, hope, imagine, intend, know, mean, mind（当心）,

7、 notice, propose, request, report, say, see（看出），show, suggest, suppose, think, understand, wish, wonder(觉得奇怪）。,3. S (主）+ V（谓）（lv)( 系动词）+ P（表）We are Chinese.除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，1)表感官的动词，feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。2) 表转变变化的动词，become, get, grow, turn, go,等。 3)表延续的动词 remain, ke

8、ep, seem, hold, stay, rest等。4)表瞬时的动词 come, fall, set, cut, occur等 5)其他动词 eat, lie, prove, ring, run, shine, sit, stand, continue, hang等。,1) S + Lv + N/Pron(名词/代词）He is a boy.This is mine.2) S + Lv + Adj（形容词）She is beautiful.3) S + Lv + Adv (副词）Class is over.4) S + Lv + Prep PhraseHe is in good healt

9、h.5) S + Lv + Participle(分词）He is excited.The film is interesting.,4. S (主）+ VT （谓）+ In O（间接 宾） + D O（直接 宾）I give you help.1) S + VT + N/Pron + NI sent him a book.I bought May a book.2) S + VT + N/Pron + To/for-phraseHe sent a book to me.He bought a coat for me.,间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有：allow, bring, deny,

10、 do(带来）， give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有：bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏），save, sing, spare等。,5. S (主）+ VT（谓）+ O（宾） + O C（宾补）I

11、 make you clear.1) S + VT + N/Pron + NWe named our baby Tom.常用于这句型的动词有：appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate(命名）。2) S + VT + N/Pron + AdjHe painted the wall white.常用于这句型的动词有：beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see, set, turn, want, was

12、h, wipe, wish等。3) S + VT + N/Pron + Prep PhraseShe always keeps everything in good order.,4) S + VT + N/Pron + InfinitiveI wish you to stay.I made him work常用于这句型的动词有：a)不定式带to的词：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, command, decide, encourage, expect, force, get, hate, invite, know, leave, like, lo

13、ve, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remain, request, teach, tell, want, warn, wish等。b)不定式不带to的词：feel, have, hear, know, let, listen to, look at, make, notice, see, watch等。5) S + VT + N/Pron + Participle (分词）I heard my name called.I feel something moving.常用于这句型的动词有：catch, feel, find, get, have, hear

14、, imagine, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice, observe, perceive, see, set, smell, start, watch等。,6) S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-word + InfinitiveHe show me how to do it.常用于这句型的动词有：advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell等。7) S + VT + N/Pron + That-clauseHe told me that the film was great.常用于这句型的动词有：ass

15、ure, inform, promise, remind, teach, tell, warn等。8) S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-ClauseHe asked me what he should do.常用于这句型的动词有：Advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell.,常用的英语句子除了基本句型的成分不变通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语（modifier）而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是 各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。 We found the hall full. 我们

16、发现礼堂坐满了。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。,We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade

17、from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。,Exercises:划分句子成分 1.we are working . 2.I can swim very well . 3.The waiter brought a bottle of beer to me . 4.Why does the wind blow . 5.The rain has been pulling down for a whole day . 6.Both Tom and J

18、ack enjoy country music . 7.Jim asked you to give his best wishes to everyone . 8.You must get the car ready by tomorrow .,9.I have a lot of clothes to wash . I have a lot of clothes to be washed . 10.He gave his son some advice on reading . 11.Read me the first paragraph . 12.Ive ordered some soup

19、for you . 13.He began leaning English ten years ago . 14.My being late worried my teacher . 15.That president himself would visit our school excited all of all . 16.April Day is the special day of the year when you play a joke on someone .,17.He usually takes a nap after lunch ,as is his habit . 18.

20、I found the book just the same as I borrowed yesterday ,so I got it back at once . 19.he finished lunch and went into the garden . 20.The telephone rang . 21.We study hard . 22.His father might have died . 23.Will you leave the open/ unclosed when going out . 24.Can you make the dog stand still ?,25.The landlord had them working day and night . 26.I think a sound knowledge of grammar is important to good writing