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1、The Attributive Clause 定语从句复习,Go over,Attributive Clause(定语从句) 概念:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。,He is an English teacher who likes singing songs.,定语从句,先行词,引导词,这种从句由关系代词或关系副词引导,并作句子成分。,Attributive clause:,定语从句的位置:通常在先行词(在主句中)后。,定 语 从 句 的 引 导 词,关系 代词,关系 副词,指人,指物,who(主语、宾语),whom(宾语), that(主语、

2、宾语、表语) whose(定语),that(主语、宾语、表语),which(主语、 宾语、定语) whose(定语),where (地点状语),when (时间状语),why (原因状语),Attributive clause:,限制性定语从句 restrictive,非限制性定语从句non-restrictive,是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语, 如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从 句和主句关系十分密切,写时不用逗号分开。,和主句关系不很密切,只是对先行词作些附加说明, 如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句, 写时往往逗号分开。,I was the only person wh

3、o was invited in my office.,Jenny, with whom I played table tennis yesterday, lives in my next room.,The man who came here yesterday has come again.,That is Mr. Wang, whose daughter teaches English at a middle school.,注意:引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that,指人时用who(主语),whom(宾语),指物时须用which.,考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词,1、

4、找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全用关系副词。 用什么关系副词看先行词。,I will never forget the days (_ I stayed with you).,when,_,_,Jurassic Park is about a park ( _ a very rich man keeps different kinds of dinosaurs).,_,where,Please give me the reason _ (you made such a great success).,_,_,why,2、如定语从句中缺宾语,确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物 动词,如是

5、,用关系代词,可以省略。如不是,用关系副词。,考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词,Yesterday we went to visit the house _ (the great writer used to live).,_,_,where,in which,The house _ (they built in 1987) stayed up in the earthquake.,which that /,_,_,Luckily none of the people _ ( I know) were killed in the earthquake.,who whom that /,

6、_,_,My father was born in the year _(the Second World War broke out).,_,_,in which,when,3、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构,有主语,则用关系副词。,Kunming is a beautiful place _ ( flowers are seen all the year round).,where,October 1st is the day _ ( new China was founded).,when,The window ( _ was opened this morning) has been

7、broken.,which that,The meeting ( _ will be held next week) is very important.,which that,考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词,试比较:A.Iknowaplace wecanhaveapicnic. 我知道一个我们可以野炊的地方。Iknowaplace isfamousforits beautifulnaturalscenery. 我知道一个以自然景色优美而闻名的地方。 B.Iwillneverforgetthedays wespentour holidaystogether. 我永远忘不了我们一起 度

8、假的日子。Iwillneverforgetthedays wespent together. 我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。 C.Thisisthereason hewas dismissed. 这就是他被解雇的原因。Thisisthereason heexplainedtome forhisnotattendingthemeeting. 这就是他向我解释的他没有参加会议的原因。,where,that/which,when,that/which,(why/for which/that),that/which,考点二:that和which的选择,(1) that指物时一般可以与which互换,

9、但在下列情况引导词只用that,不用which。,当先行词为all, much, little, few, none, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时,如: a. All that can be done has been done. b. There is little (that) the enemy can do besides surrender., 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much修饰时,如:,Ive read all the books (that) you gave me.,考点二:th

10、at和which的选择,先行词是序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。,This is the best book (that) Ive ever read.,This is the first composition (that) he has written in English.,先行词被the only, the very, the last 修饰时。,That white flower is the only one (that) I really like. This is the very book (that) I want to find., 当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时

11、,这个定语从句要用that而不用who (whom)和which引导。如:,He talked about the teachers and schools (that) he had visited.,先行词是疑问词who, which, what 时,定语从句用that而不用who, (whom)和which引导。,考点二:that和which的选择,Who is the person that is standing at the gate? Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this? What t

12、hat is on the table belongs to me?, 当关系代词在从句中作表语时:,Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be. China is no longer the country that it used to be.,1.which可以引导非限定性定语从句,可用于介词后,其先行词可以是一个词,也可以是整个主句或主句的某一部分。 1. She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D.

13、 that 2. The weather turned out to be good, _ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it,考点二:that和which的选择,(2)只用which的情况,B,B,只能用which 做关系代词的情况,2.在非限制性定语从句中,只能用which指代物,用who/whom指人. She said she had finished her work,which I doubted very much. In our school there are eight foreign

14、teachers,who come from Australia. His mother,whom he loved dearly, died in 1818,3.在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,只能用which指物,whom指人。,4.先行词本身是that时,关系词用which, 先行词是those, one, he时多用who。,考点三:as与which引导的定语从句,对这两个词作如下归纳:,1、如果定语放主句后,即可用as也可以用which. He failed to pass the exam, as (=which) is natural. She seems to be a

15、 scientist, as (=which) in fact she is. Grammar is not a dead rule, which (=as) I have said before.,2、如果从句在主句前,这时要用as而不用which引导 定语从句。如:,As we all know, his parents were killed in the war.,AsIexpected,hegotthefirstplaceagainin thismid-termexamination.,3.用于the sameas,suchas,asas, soas中,一般用as。 e.g. Suc

16、h books as you tell me are interesting. This is the same book as I lent you yesterday.,4.as代表前面主句意思时,有“正如”之意,而which没有此意思,从句中的动词常是expect, know, see, think, want, suppose等。,He won the match, as we had expected. He agreed to the plan, as was to be expected. The police were looking for him, as he though

17、t.,考点三:as与which引导的定语从句,Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.,5. as在从句中作主语时,后面常接行为动词的被动语态,如be known,be said,be reported等,如从句中行为动词是主动语态,一般要用which作主语。 e.g. She has been late again, as was expected. Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.,考点三:as与which引导的定语从句,6.当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时,关系词往往只用

18、which。如:Tomwaslateforschoolagainandagain,which madehisteacherveryangry. 汤姆老是迟到,这使得老师很恼火。Thesetablesaremadeofmetal,whichmakes themveryheavy. 这些桌子是金属的,这使得这些桌子很重。,注意:as 引导的限制性定语从句(1),This is the same book as I lost. This is the same book that I lost.,Please compare:,这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。,这本书就是我丢的那本。,as 引导的限制性

19、定语从句 (2),This is such an interesting book _ we all like. This is so interesting a book _ we all like. This is such an interesting book _we all like it. This is so interesting a book _we all like it.,as,that,Please complete the following sentences and compare:,as,that,这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句),这本书如此有趣,

20、大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句),考点四:关系代词前介词的确定,如何选定介词:,1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系,请体会: e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles? 2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配,如: e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im sure. 3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯,请体会: e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.,4.

21、 Whose从句可转换为“ of +关系代词”型,如: e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south.,They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south. They lived in a house, the door of which opens to the south.,考点四:关系代词前介词的确定,The girl whose father is a doctor studies very hard,The girl the father of wh

22、om is a doctor studies very hard.,The girl of whom the father is a doctor studies very hard.,关系副词when, where, why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如:when=in/on/at+which, where=in/on/at+which, why=for+which 介词的位置非常灵活,有时放在关系代词之前,有时放在动词之后。 eg. 1. I wont forget the date when( on which) I was born. 2. This is the room w

23、here (in which) I lived. = This is the room which I lived in. 3. I dont know the reason (why /for which/that) he hasnt come today. 4. Tom still remembers the days when (in which) they lived in Tianjin.,考点四:关系代词前介词的确定,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she lives is far aw

24、ay.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,可见,who、that 不能用于介词之后,Is this the watch that you are looking for? that 定语从句中介词for的宾语 The old man whom I am looking after is better . whom 定语从句中介词after的宾语,下面两句中的介词能提前吗?,注意:含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如 lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。 Thisisthewatch(which/that)Ia

25、mlookingfor.(正)这是我正在找的手表。ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(误) Thebabies(whom/who/that)thenurseis lookingafterareveryhealthy.(正) 那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康。Thebabiesafterwhomthenurseislookingareveryhealthy.(误),若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时只可用whom,不可用who,that;关系代词指物时只可用which,不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。 Themanwithwhomyoutalked

26、justnowismyneighbour. (正) 你刚才跟他谈话的那个人是我的邻居。 Themanwiththat/whoyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.(误) TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.(正)我们去加拿大所乘坐的飞机实在很舒服。 TheplaneinthatweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.(误) Take a look at the tower. In whose honour was it built? (正),“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,a

27、ny,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each, few等代词或者数词。如: Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomarevery kindtohim.他深深地爱着他的父母,他们俩待他都很好。 Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someof whichhavegonebad.篮子里有好些苹果,有些已经坏了。 Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostof whomarefrombigcities. 我们班总共有个学生,大多数来自大城市。 Uptonow,he

28、haswrittentenstories,threeofwhichare aboutcountrylife. 迄今为止,他写了部小说,其中部是关于农村生活的。,以theway为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由inwhich或that引导,而且通常可以省略。如:Theway(that/inwhich)heansweredthe questionswassurprising. 他回答这些问题的方式令人惊奇。Idontliketheway(that/inwhich) youlaughather. 我不喜欢你嘲笑她的样子。,比较 Pleasedotheexperimentintheway(that/whi

29、ch)Ihaveshownyou.,which在定语从句中还可以作定语,Tomspentfouryearsincollege,duringwhich timehelearnedFrench. Hemaybelate,inwhichcaseweoughtto waitforhim.,若先行词是: case, situation, point, stage等时, 若充当定从的“主、宾、表”时,用which 或that + 定从, 若充当定从的“状语”时,用where + 定从. I still cant believe my eyes when I remember the scene where

30、 the best player should miss the pass. In order to get started in this career, Im willing to accept any position where I can show my abilities. 注意: Remember that there is still one point that /which we must make clear at the conference tomorrow.,one of + 复数名词+who/which/that +复数谓语 the (only,very,righ

31、t) one of + 复数名词+ who/which/that +单数谓语 She is one of the students who _ praised at the meeting yesterday. A. was B. were C. isD. are He is the only one of the students who _a winner of scholarship for three years. A. is B. areC. have beenD. has been,B,D,1. I wish to thank Professor Smith,_ I would n

32、ever have got this farm.(help) 我想感谢史密斯教授,没有他的帮助我买不到这家农场。 2.From the burning hotel they rescued all the tourists, _ to a nearby hospital.(injured) 他们从正在着火的旅馆里救出了所有的游客,其中两名伤者被送到附近医院。 3.There are many students present at the meeting, _ the same school. (belong) 有很多学生出席这次会议,其中三分之二的人来自于同一所学校。,without who

33、se help,the two injured of whom were sent,two thirds of whom belong to,4.The media can help solve problems and draw attention to situations_. (need) 媒体能够帮助解决问题,引起对需要帮助的地方的关注。 5.I met many cases a lot of English words but couldnt write a good essay.(know) 我遇到过很多这样的情况,学生知道许多英语单词单却写不出一篇好文章。 6.I will ne

34、ver forget the hard days on the farm .(work) 我会永远记得我们一起在农场干活的艰辛的日子,where help is needed,where students knew,when we worked together,7.Do you remember the happy days last year in Beijing?(spend) 你还记得去年我们在北京度过的快乐的日子吗? 8.Sales manager is a position important as sales skills.(as) 在销售经理这个职位上,沟通能力和销售技巧同样重

35、要。 9. We live in an age with greater ease than ever before.(available) 我们生活在一个信息比以往任何时候都容易获得的年代。 10.I showed an old friend around the city, the changes were so great.(surpise) 我带一位老友到城里转了一圈,令他惊讶的是,变化如此之大。,(which/that )we spent,where communication ability is as,when information is available,to whose

36、surprise,Practice 1. Is this laboratory _ the students visited yesterday. Is this the laboratory _ the students visited yesterday. A. that B. the one C. where D. in which,B,A,2. He made another wonderful discovery, _of great importance to science. A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think which is,A,3. She described in her compositions the people and places _ impressed her most. A. where B. that C. which D.

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