组织学与胚胎学课件：组 织 学 绪 论2014

1、组织学与胚胎学 Histology and Embryology,Chapter 1 Introduction of Histology,. What is Histology? Histology is the study of the fine structure of human body and its related functions.,cell and tissue , organ and system 1665 year, Hook Robert (English)-cell 1801 year, Bichat (French)-tissue 1838 year, Schwan

2、n and Schleiden -cell 1932 year, Ruska and Knoll - electron microscope basic tissues of human body: epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscular tissue and nerve tissue,The Important Standing of Histology in medicine,Structure of human body (anatomy & histology),Function of human body(physiology &

3、 biochemistory),Changed structure by diseases (pathology),Changed function by diseases (Path phasiology),Disease of diagnosis,Classification of disease,internal medicine,surgery,pediatrics,gynecology,. Histologic Methods,1. Preparation of Tissue Section Measure unit：micrometer,m (0.2 m) 1.1 Fixation

4、 To avoid tissue digestion by enzymes within the cells or by bacteria and to preserve the structure and molecular composition Fixative: formaldehyde, alcohol so on,dehydration: ethanol (graded series ) clearing: xylene Paraffin embedding (routine),1.2 Embedding,1.3 Sectioning,Microtome, 5-10 m tissu

5、e section,Smear Spread section Ground section,Cryostat: frozen section,1.4 Staining,HE staining : Hematoxylin and eosin Basophilia, acidophilia, neutrophilia,异染性 Metachromasia (mast cell) 嗜银性 Argyrophilia,.Electron microscopy,light wavelength: 369-760nm electron beam wavelength: 0.012nm resolving po

6、wer 0.1-0.2nm( 1nm=1/1000m ) Transmission electron microscopy, TEM ultrathin section: ultramicrostome 50-80nm,Principle of Transmission Electron Microscope,Electron Microscope,The Image of TME,electron dense electron lucent,2. Scanning Electron Microscopy, SEM,The SEM shows only surface views,The Im

7、age of SEM,.Histochemistry and Cytochemistry,Principle: The terms are used mainly localizing different substances in tissue sections. Most of them based on specific chemical reactions or on high-affinity interactions between macromolecules.,1. Periodic acid Schiff reaction,PAS,Polysaccharides HIO4 -

8、 (多糖） glycol groups Schiff reagent （多醛） purple color in areas of polysaccharides,PAS reaction of intestinal villus,. Immunohistochemistry,Principle: to identifying and localizing the polypeptide and the protein in cell a highly specific interaction is that between an antigen and its antibody Fluores

9、cent (FITC,TRITC,Cy3,Cy5) Peroxidase as a label,Direct and indirect methods,ABC method,Immunocytochemistry（SABC method）,Fluorescence Immunocytochenmistry,. Study method of live tissue and cell,1. Cell and tissue culture Live cells and tissue can be maintained and studied outside the body.（in vitro） To avoid complex elements in vivo and observe the effect of single element on cell and tissue,实验中的组织工程耳,Tissue engineering,autoradiography,Highlight of this chapter,What is Histology? Preparation o