艺考生课程――作文第七十七讲

1、2015年学大教育艺考生课程作文第七十七讲作文文体突围适用学科英语适用年级高三适用区域全国通用课时时长（分钟）1课时/60分钟知识点图标类作文，议论文，记叙文教学目标知识：掌握文体的特点及用法。方法：理解各种文体的本质意义并进行写作。能力：根据作文要求精确选择合适的单词及汉语逻辑进行表达。教学重点1、识记文体特点及用法。教学难点1、开头结尾的表述及汉语的写法教学过程一、 课堂导入“离离原上草，一岁一枯荣。野火烧不尽，春风吹又生”这四句话根本无法让白居易通过顾况的考核从而进入当时长安的最佳奥林匹克学校学习，原因在于顾况的本质意思是让学生写出文章送给他的一个即将离别的朋友，所以后四句更为关键。“远

2、芳侵古道，晴翠接荒城。又逢王孙过，凄凄满别情”。所以所有作文必然要在开头点题，结尾明意，契合文体特点，不可偏离轨道，这也是本节课的一大重点。二、复习预习教师引导学生回顾之前几讲作文的开头，结尾固定化的方式，同时回忆这些方式的用途及适用文体。三、知识讲解知识点1：记叙文假设你是李平，最近参加了电视台举办的中学生英语演讲比赛并获奖，该台准备组织获奖者去北京参加一次英语夏令营活动，现就有关事项征求你的意见。请根据下表所提供的信息用英语以书信形式给予答复。活动时间7月15日22日或8月15日22日活动内容参加英语角 学唱英语歌曲听英语讲座 表演英语短剧看英语电影 教外宾学中文对活动内容的建议或要求请注

3、意：1.选择适合你的时间并说明理由；2. 选择两项你所喜欢的活动并说明理由；3.对活动内容提出至少一个建议或要求；4. 字数：100-120；5.信的开头和结尾已给出。2. 【考查点】 通过这段话我们可以看到需要表述以下内容：选择两项内容说明选择原因提出建议3. 从以上分析可以看出，这篇文章好写之处即给定了一个非常宽泛的内容，同时选择的时候可以根据自己想用的结构进行写作并可适当使用简单单词及语法结构来用，巧妙避过错误。4.【范文】Dear Sir or Madam, Im very glad to be invited to the English summer camp.I want to

4、choose to join the English Corner as well as attending the English lecture. The reason why I choose these two is that I think it is not how many English words that I have learned that matters, but whether there is a chance for me to use what I have learned,from which I believe that an English Corner

5、 will be a good choice; whats more,to many Chinese, what puzzles us a lot us in learning language is its cultures, so I can learn something which will be of great use to me on the English lecture. I am sure this travel will be very useful to me. And I hope if I can stay in an English family so that

6、I can learn more about English life. I am sure where there is a chance for me to enjoy the real English, there is real improvement for me. Yours truly,Li Ping【注意】what puzzles us a lot us in learning language is its cultures其中的puzzle的替换，更加明确说出自己的意愿和期待，最后的where there is 结构也是为了点题而定。知识点2：议论文阐述个人观点，说服对方是

7、文章的一大特点，避免由于冗长的说明让别人看不到本身想表述的意思，所以在表述过程中一定注意正反或者说出最亮的亮点，让作文的意思更加明确。例1：假如你是本校一名音乐爱好者，准备成了一个音乐社团，希望给同学们带来一些精神上的鼓励和支持，给烦闷的学习带来更多的趣味和灵感，需要校长提供一些帮助购买设备及组建场地，同时简单陈述本月计划；注：120词左右； musical instruments音乐器具 【答案】Dear sir: Im Chairman of the Students Union in our school. As we know, music is to us what sunshine

8、 is to plants,because of which we would like to form a band to enrich our school life. Whats more, to some students, it is not how talented they are that matters, but whether they have got a chance to show their talent,because of which we want to form the band. We hope the band will be formed by the

9、 end of this month and we will hold our first activity. So we need your support. We need a fixed place and some money to buy musical instruments. It is the first time that we have formed a band, so I believe it will be a big success to us as well as to our school. We are looking forward to your supp

10、ort.例2：高一学生中讨论最多的一个问题就是：how to learn English well?请以学长身份对此进行回答，说明你的观点： 学英语必须要使用，而不单是记单词； 必须了解一些关于西方的文化知识便于语言的理解； 虽然经常有遗忘单词情况，需要找到合适方法进行巩固；注：120词左右，适当增加细节使行文连贯；【答案】What matters most in learning English is not only remembering words but remembering structures. Whats more, you should use them everyday.

11、 It is not how many words you have learned that matters, but whether you use them frequently. As we know, where there is a chance for you to use what you have learned, there is a chance for you to improve your English. Leaning English is very useful, after which you can not only know some western cu

12、ltures but also can communicate with the foreigners easily. Of course you have have difficulty in remembering the words, and often forget what you have learned. The more you use what you have learned, the more you will remember them. After all, practice makes perfect! Only in this way can you learn

13、English well.知识点3 图表类作文有的图表类作文需要一定的图表解释并说明意思，但有的则不是，更多的图标类倾向于对于图表内容的阐述，这一点一定多加关注，不可偏颇。如：假如你叫Peter,是一名国际学校的学生，你最近对200名同学（男女各半）的择业理想作了一次调查，现将调查结果（如下图表所示）用英语向校长Mr. Smith写一篇报告。注意：（1）报告应包括图表的示的全部内容； （2）词数100左右； （3）报告的开头和结尾已给出。Note: make a survey 作调查【答案】Dear Sir or Madam: Recently we made a survey to know

14、 what the boys and the girls in our shool dreams are, the result of which is very interesting. Now let me show you the idea: To be a doctor and not knowing what the dream is are of the same rate among boys and girls. When it comes to being a business man or a scientist even a lawyer, the boys number

15、 is larger than that of the girls, while when it comes to being a teacher, the girls number is larger. From the chart and the above analysis we can draw a conclusion that maybe teacher is a kind of job which calls for patience as well love, both of which, maybe, the boys are lack of. While in some j

16、obs calling for competition, the boys have more advantages. To be not to be, that is not a designed question, which depends on what your interest is. Only by putting heart into it can one achieve his goal. So I suggest we should respect everyones choice. 【易错点】选好开头，一定确定好结尾，一切的开头和结尾都是为了整个作文服务的，所以意思的整合

17、是非常重要的环节。说明文章表达的意思并且阐明自己的观点至关重要，一定注意作文本身的要求。四、例题精析【例题1】假定你是李华。下面的图画描述了教师节那天你们班组织的一次活动，请根据写作要点并参考图画内容，为校刊“英语角”版面写一篇短文。写作要点：1活动的策划； 2教室的布置；3活动的内容； 4你的感想。注意：1短文词数不少于100；2开头部分已写好，不计入总词数；3可根据情况增减细节，详略得当；4不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。【答案】The Teachers Day is a day when we show our best wishes to our dear teachers. Before

18、 that day this year, we carefully made a plan for the party. A good decorated classroom as well as some good gifts is a must, so we try our best to do these well, which can create a good atmosphere for the day.On that day, entering the classroom, Miss Li was welcomed by the carnations we sent to her

19、 and “Happy Teachers Day” from us. Where there is our monitor, there is wonderful voice, so she sang a song which speaks highly of the teachers. Some girls showed their hand-made arts, and some boys showed their Kong-fu, all of which made the party a success.It is not how expensive the gifts we sent

20、 to Miss Li that matters, but how much wishes included in them. Miss Li was deeply moved by all of these. After the party, we made a promise that we would try our best to realize our dream with Miss Li together. After all, Mr Li is to us what lighthouse is to a boat.【解析】本题中虽然表述的是对于图片的说明和节日的说明，而实际上更多

21、关注的则是除了说明之后的评论。【例题2】假如你是某英语报社的编辑，最近在收到的邮件中大量发现学生对于学习英语有胆怯心理，请对此回信，鼓励学生要有自信，学以致用，增加复习机会和次数以便于温故而知新。注：120词左右；适当增加细节使行文连贯；【答案】Dear students: I am very sorry to have heard that some of you dont do well in English and even give it up, which worries me. To tell you the truth, English is the most widely-us

22、ed language in the world, with which you can communicate with almost people in every corner of the world. I know learning a foreign language is not very easy. I have some ideas which may be of great use to you:First, dont be afraid of it. Be confident! Where there is confidence, there is possibility

23、 of success.Second, try to use it everyday in your life, such as writing diary, speaking it with your friends. But what really matters most in using it is to do readings as well as close tests. Afters all, where there is a place for you to use it, there is a chance for you to master it.Third, review

24、 it as much as you can. As Confucius once said: it is always also a pleasant thing to review what you have learnt. Reviewing what you have learnt can make you understand more about it.Dear friends, it is not how many words you have remembered that matters, but whether you use them everyday to expres

25、s your idea clearly, because of which we can see the importance of using what you have learnt. Practice makes perfect!Only in this way can you learn English well. Good luck to you.【解析】本题分层说明了如何增加自信和学好英语的方式，所以一定注意阐述的过程。其中引用孔子的话仅仅作为参考。【例题3】假如你们学校“英语爱好者俱乐部”将对“物价上涨及中学生节省开支”这一话题进行讨论。请根据下列提示用英语写一篇发言稿，发表看法

26、。 你在日常生活中对物价上涨所了解的情况； 中学生在日常生活中应如何精打细算，节省开支； 呼吁同学们从小事做起，发扬节约的中华美德。(virtue 美德)要求：1. 短文词数不少于80（不含已写好的部分）。 2.内容充实，结构完整，语意连贯。_【答案】Dear boys and girls, Its my great honor to make a speech here. Recently, some residents argue that they cant tolerate the increasing prices. As we know, the increasing prices

27、 has affected our life so much that we should do something to deal with it, after all, many prices of daily food are not what they were. The more we do to use the money wisely, the better preparation we can do to our future, and where there is a place where people use money wisely, there is a better

28、 chance for us to enjoy life.so we should do the following things: First, do not buy some things which are not necessary; Whats more,do not throw away your daily things which are still of use. It is not only that we lead an economic life that matters, but that it is very important for our own formin

29、g a good habit, which is also one of the good virtues in China. Leading an economic life is to us what water is to fish, so dear friends, action speaks louder than words, and it is high time we did it.【解析】本题考查学生对于理由陈述的表述方式，所以一定要把其中的说理部分充分说明，以便于避免空洞无物状态。最后加上评论，让作文更加点题。五、课堂运用【基础】1.假设你叫李华, English Week

30、ly有一“读者来信”专栏。现在请你用英语给这一栏目写封信,反映学校图书室把许多旧英文杂志、报刊当废纸卖掉一事。要点如下: 你觉得那样处理旧英文杂志、报刊很可惜; 应该以适当价格卖给学生,这样对学校和学生都有益。注意:词数100左右。可适当发挥。_【答案】Dear editor: Recently our library sell the English books and magazines like waste paper to deal with the old books,which is a pity. To tell you the truth, it is not only tha

31、t the library sells the books to students with lower prize that benefits students a lot but benefits school as well as our environment. Where there is a place where people reuse the books and other things with paper, there is a chance for us to use the papers longer. So dear editor, the more we reus

32、e the books, the better our life will be, which is what I want to say to us all. After all,reusing books is to us what saving water is to human beings. So it is high time that we took measure to make the books reused again. 【解析】考两种以上的事情并列说明的时候一定注意使用it is not only A that matters, but B结构，本段中使用的it is

33、not only that the library sells the books to students with lower prize that benefits students a lot but benefits school as well as our environment.则用benefit替换了matters更加贴题。【巩固】2. 古人云：读千卷书，行万里路。旅游对于一个人的意志的考验非常重要，同时也提供了更多对于学习，对于人生的看法。请根据你旅游的一次经历，以Travel is the best teacher为题，谈谈这次旅游对你的影响。 注：120词左右；可适当增加

34、细节使行文连贯；_【答案】As we know, it is not only reading from books that enriches our knowledge, but traveling. Not only can traveling bring us knowledge we cant learn from books but also we can learn more real things about nature and society. Where there is a travel, there are some fresh things and adventur

35、es, all of which can make us stronger in will and strength. Last year I went to Hua Mountain with two of my friends. When we arrived there, we were told that it would be a hard and dangerous trip for us to get to the top of mountain where we would see some great things. A saying goes like this: ther

36、e is only one way to go to the top of mountain. Dangerous as it was, we made up our mind to go there. What made our travel bad was that we hurt our legs. Fortunately, some people helped us when we were in trouble and we also helped each other. When we got to the top of mountain, we were too excited

37、to say a word to express our feeling. I am sure the travel does make a difference to me,from which I have learned a lot. 【解析】记叙类作文的表述的时候，一定注意要把内容想办法融入到结构之中，得到最为合理的表述方式，同时让作文充满色彩。【拔高】3.乔布斯的iPhone让年轻人羡慕不已，很多高中生都幻想像他一样成就一份事业，但是却缺乏实干精神，请写以80-100词的英语作文说说你的观点。 有信心和决心，但同时得有做法，有成就事业的基本知识储备； 保持独立思维； 学会和人相处，学

38、习他人长处； 注：120词左右；可适当增加细节使行文连贯；【答案】Being as successful as Jobs is what many young people want, while what they lack is the spirit of doing. First, it is said by some experts that it is not only that you have confidence and determination that matters if you want to be successful like Jobs, but the abil

39、ity to carry it out as well as necessary knowledge, because of which you should work hard at your lessons and keep an independent thought. After all, where there is an independent thought, there is a breakthrough. Second, as Confucius said “if there are three people around you, there should be a man

40、 from whom you can learn something that is very useful to you”, from which you can see that you should learn how to get along well with others and learn their advantages which will make up yours. Third, you should also be optimistic. What defeats many people most is not the ability, but their attitu

41、de when faced up with a difficulty. So you should also be optimistic.Only in this way can you make it!【解析】注意作文中层次写法，并注意，适当引用名人名言也是一种非常好的写作方式。课程小结 英语写作的前提是汉语的熟悉和理解，所以在框架内进行创新的时候，一定多关注框架的存在和逻辑意义的阐述，让作文以逻辑主线的形式形成看似结构多元而实际上契合题意的作文，这也是用结构方式写出作文的最大妙处。“熟读唐诗三百首，不会作诗也会吟”即是此理。课后作业【基础】1. 根据最新调查，西方节日在中国的受欢迎程度竟然

42、已经超过的中国本土节日，对此，你们学校发起了“保护中国本土节日，保存本土文化”活动，旨在通过活动让同学们意识到本土节日的重要性，请写一篇文章，评论这种现象并说明你对于本土节日文化重要性的看法； 注：120词左右；可适当增加细节使行文连贯；【答案】Recently, according to the survey, the western holidays are becoming more and more popular among people, most of whom are middle school students. The reason why this special phe

43、nomenon occurs is that we pay little attention to our traditional festivals. And the traditional festivals can hardly attract students for we have not done enough in preserving and spreading them, which makes them lack of charm. In my opinion, what we can get from the traditional festivals is not on

44、ly happiness but also who you are as well as what your dream is. It is not how much we say about spreading the culture that matters, but whether we have really taken measures to protect it from being forgotten. What is more, in western festivals, the westerners can find many interesting things relat

45、ed to their daily life, but we can not. So we should know where our root is, then we will never get lost when we are chasing our dream. Where there is a festival, there is a chance for you to experience the culture. While, what surprises us is that many students can get little idea from some western

46、 festivals but so called “exciting”, such as Christmas. So we can see that exciting as it is, the western festival can not impress us for there is little common thought between us and them.【解析】本题考查学生对于辩证写法的理解和阐述，所以一定多引导学生先确定好自己的想法，用汉语逻辑捋顺后进行写作。【巩固】2. 新教材自2007年使用以来，引起了全社会的高度关注。新教材图片丰富，知识量大，编排更为合理，环节设

47、置连贯，但生单词让出现让学生也略有困难，请针对此类问题，给新教材编辑委员会写信，谈谈你对于新教材的看法，并提出改革意见。 注：120词左右；可适当增加细节使行文连贯；首句已经给出。【答案】Dear Editor, As a student reader, I am writing to talk about the English textbooks published by your house. To the book itself, it is not only that it contains a lot of beautiful pictures that makes us be i

48、nterested in it, but that the topics are so rich that we all find them interesting,because of which we should say thank you to your hard work. The more we learn about the book, the better we can develop our interest about English as well as its rich culture. I am sure where there are good topics as well as good pictures, there is a chance for us to say Englis