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1、读写任务的概括一、记叙文的概括 (华南师大附中2011届高三综合测试) 阅读下面的短文,然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。 A long time ago, there was a huge apple tree. A little boy loved to come and lay around it every day. They loved to play together. As time went by, the boy had grown up and no longer played around it. One day, he came back and the tre
2、e excitedly invited him to play. But the boy said he needed money to buy toys. “Sorry, but I have no moneybut you can pick all my apples and sell them,” said the tree. The boy did as told and left happily but never came back. The tree was sad. Many years passed, the boy returned and told him he had
3、to build a house for his family. The tree happily offered his branches for his house. With the branches, the boy left, satisfied. The tree was again lonely and sad. Then one hot summer day, the tree was delighted to see the boy back again. “Come and play with me!” The tree said. “I am sad and gettin
4、g old. I want to go sailing to relax myself. Can you give me a boat?” “Use my trunk to build your boat.” The boy cut the tree trunk and went sailing but never showed up for a long time. The tree was happy, but it was not true. Finally, the boy returned after he left for so many years. “Sorry, my boy
5、, but I dont have anything for you any more. No more apples for you.” The tree said with tears. The boy replied that he was too old and needed nothing. “Good! Old tree root is the best place to lean on and rest. Come. Come here, please sit down with me and rest.” The boy sat down and the tree was gl
6、ad and smiled with tears. 【写作内容】以约30个词概括这则寓言里树的行为与品质。【参考概括】To satisfy a boys needs, an old apple tree gave the boy his apple, branches and trunk until he had nothing left but the root. For the one he cares, he is willing to give whatever he has. 【思路点拨】 这是一篇寓言故事,通过讲述一个小故事来揭示道理。老苹果树的无私给予和不求回报教会了人们爱的伟大
7、。故事的来龙去脉和结尾阐明的道理同样重要。首先把握记叙部分,整理出包括时间、地点、人物、起因、经过和结果的六要素,便可概括故事情节;然后根据故事提炼出点明的道理。这种寓言式的以故事承载道理的形式是读写任务中常见的记叙文体。当然,如果问题提供的短文是纯记叙文,则不需点明启示。二、议论文的概括 (汕头市2011届高三四校联考) 阅读下面的短文,然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。Increased College Enrollment In recent years, there is a steady increase in college enrollment. To many high
8、 school students, its definitely good news, for they would have better chance of receiving higher education. You dont have to look very far to find out the advantages of the increased college enrollment. For one thing, it lessens the worries of both high school graduates and their parents. Besides,
9、increased college enrollment can contribute to raise the educational level of our nation. Whats more, increased college enrollment can provide more students with specialized knowledge, thus serving our development in a positive way. On the other hand, we cannot deny that there are some potential pro
10、blems about increased college enrollment. To begin with, with the increased number of students, the shortage of teaching staff and facilities becomes clearly seen. Worst of all, increased college enrollment leads to increased competition in the job market. Its not an easy task to tell whether the te
11、ndency should be encouraged. As to me, its laudable(应受赞扬的) to grant more students higher education. But a college degree is by no means a guarantee for a better job or future. To cast a promising career, we need a lot more abilities which we cannot learn from college. 【写作内容】以约30个词概括短文的要点。【参考概括】The c
12、ollege enrollment has risen steadily over the past years, which acts as a way to cultivate more welleducated people to serve the society. However, peoples opinions on it are divided. 【思路点拨】 这是一篇针对社会热点问题的议论文,要尽可能客观简要地转述阅读材料的观点。要写好议论文的概括,首先要归纳出议论文的基本三要素,即论点、论据和论证。论点是议论文的作者对所论问题的见解和主张,一般位于短文头尾,是能统摄全文、表
13、示肯定或否定的判断句式、明确的表态性的句子。论据是证明论点的材料。论证是运用论据来证明论点的过程和方法。一般来说,概括议论文时,只体现论点和主要论据即可。上例首段表明了作者对于高校扩招是持肯定态度的(论点),高校扩招有利于社会作育英才(论据)。短文还以不短的篇幅提及其他人的观点,在概括中可以一笔带过。三、说明文的概括 (2011深圳市高三年级第二次调研考试) 阅读下面的短文,然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。 This weekend in Sydney, Australia “lights out” activity will be staged. Sydney people wil
14、l keep lights off for an hour, so that the Australias largest city will be thrown into darkness in the night. In Sydney, a large number of businessmen have been added to this action plan. The government officials and tens of thousands of people have also answered the call enthusiastically. The lands
15、capes of Sydney such as Sydney Opera House, Sydney Harbor Bridge and dozens of skyscrapers will keep lights off for one hour from 7:30, and even McDonalds big “M” logo will be switched off. But its significant lighting, such as the flying lights and the traffic lights will be on as usual. This event
16、 is called “Earth Hour”. One of the organizers says this action will encourage Australians to switch off unnecessary lights in their daily life. “Our aim to do this is very simple. We do not want people to return to live in cave time. We just want to reduce greenhouse gases into the atmosphere as mu
17、ch as possible.” He also said, “Onehour blackout is only the beginning, and the next step is to improve peoples awareness of energy saving.”【写作内容】以约30个词概括短文的要点。【参考概括】During the “Earth Hour”, people in Sydney will have a onehour blackout activity throughout the city, the purpose of which is to make p
18、eople be aware of energy saving better. 【思路点拨】 这是一篇介绍类说明文。说明文通常会有中心句,写概括时要注意找出中心句,抓住关键词,然后用自己的话重组文章的信息。由于说明文免不了要下定义,抓住如 “be called”,“be defined as”和 “be known as”等语篇标志即可准确找出中心句。从中心句可知文章介绍了悉尼熄灯一小时的环保活动,进而画出关键词the “Earth Hour”, people in Sydney和energy saving,重组关键信息,即可概括成文。对于现象分析型说明文,则可根据中心句找出“现象”、“造成这
19、种现象的原因”和“解决这种现象或问题的措施或建议”。一、概括的要求:简洁明了,主题突出。概括可采用总分的形式,即第一句话是主题句,清楚明白地告诉了读者文章的写作目的,后面的句子对主题句进行解释和支撑,主题之外的内容要毫不吝啬地予以删除。二、概括的方法:1. 使用意义相同或相近的单词、短语或句式,或使用不同的句子结构表达同一意思,如改变语态、肯定变否定等,避免抄袭原文句子。2. 议论文或论说文,概括时则要尽可能客观简要地转述阅读材料的观点。概括对方观点首先是要转换视角,即以“第三人称”或“无人称”来概括。3. 如果给的阅读材料是一则故事,应该用最简练的语言来说明故事讲述了什么,不能拖泥带水讲细节
20、,而且最好讲出故事给你的启示或其中的一个道理。4. 如果是说明性或描述性短文,就必须用概括性的文字说明一个现象。三、概括的写作步骤:1. 寻找关键词。文章的关键词可结合“写”的任务中的“就”主题发表自己的看法的要求来确定。如,要求你“以约120词谈谈你理想的大学生活”,那么所阅读的文章的关键词就应是“college/university life”。2. 确定主题句。文章的主题句首先可通过所给阅读材料的标题来确定,阅读材料的标题即是文章的论点或主题句。没有标题的文章,我们就尤应注意议论文、夹叙夹议和说明文的第一段(总起段)和最后一段(总结段),或每一段的第一句或第二句(总起句)和最后一句(总结
21、句)。没有主题句的需要自己组合。3. 重构主题句。概括的主题句要归纳总结性强,能涵盖后面所有的支撑句的内容。4. 重组支撑句。支撑句的意义在逻辑上受制于主题句,可以是补充过程或者提供论据。四、概括的形式:“主题句+支撑句” 即“主题+主题的什么”。文体主题句支撑句议论文文章论点(一句)文章论据(两三句)记叙文故事的写作目的、 主题(一句)故事大意(两三句)说明文说明的对象、 观点、 现象解释、分述One possible version: Challenges Make Us Who We Are The passage tells us that when we are faced with challenges, all we need is commitment and communication. After dealing with many challenges, we will come to rea
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