高考英语二轮专题复习 完形填空解题技巧 ppt.ppt

1、完形填空解题技巧,2007年全国各地完形填空词性分布,高考英语完形填空趋势,从近几年全国高考的完形填空来看，主要是从语义搭配、结构搭配、惯用搭配及逻辑知识等方面来测试学生词汇的掌握及运用。而且有些词的选择，必须在理解整篇文章的基础上，才能作出正确的判断。,高考英语完形填空考查热点,热点1 语篇理解,热点2 逻辑推理，归纳概括,热点3 情景运用，常识应用,热点4 上下文联系,热点5 词语辨析,一、英语完形填空解题思路,跳过空格，通读全文， 把握大意,结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案,再读全文，仔细检查,二、完形填空的解题技巧,1）根据上下文语境解题,5）根据生活常识及文化背景解题,4）根据词语固定搭

2、配及辨析解题,2）根据句段间的逻辑推理关系解题,3) 根据词汇的复现解题,1）上下文语境,把具体的语言知识溶进具体的语言情景中去，考查考生通过上下文的前后提示或暗示，对整体文意进行把握的能力。这种考查方式所占的比例较大，且难度也大，若单纯从句子或个别段落来分析，或许所给的四个答案在语法和结构上都是正确的，若放在全局，则不一定正确。因此，快速浏览全文，领悟文章主旨，通过上下文的语境来选择答案是解决这类题的关键。,例1： I climbed the stairs slowly, carrying a big suitcase, my father following with two more.

3、By the time I got to the third floor, I was 1 and the same time feeling lonely. Worse still, Dad 2 a step and fell, sending my new suitcase rolling down the stairs.1. A. helpless B. lazy C. anxious D. tired2. A. took B. minded C. missed D. picked,例2: But Ella Fant, who was filled with 1 , shouted at

4、 the top of her voice, Look at 2 Theyre all out ofstep except my John Isnt he the best1. A. sadness B. happiness C. surprise D. regret2. A. them B. her C. that D. him,2）句际间的逻辑推理关系,完形填空中的任何一句话往往都不是孤立存在的，而是要靠上下问作依托，看前因后果才能确立的。它涉及到文章的起承转合、上下连贯。这类题主要考查考生对上下文逻辑关系的理解，如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、比较关系以及对比关系等。

5、,例1： It has been many years since I was last in London, _ I still remember something that happened during that visit. A. and B. for C. but D. as,例2： A transistor radio is sometimes very small. It is very easy to carry 48 , radio broadcasts are better for blind people. 48. A. Besides B. However C. Ye

6、t D. Sometimes,例3 and the officers then began to eat their meal , saying that the mushrooms had a very strange 38 quite pleasant taste.38. A. besides B. but C. and D. or,例4： They are some of the poorest people in a poverty stricken country. 53 , now they have an extra source of income . 53. A. But B

7、. And C. However D. Therefore,3)词汇的复现,“词汇的复现”是指某一词以原词、同义词或近义词、概括词以及其他形式重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义是使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构成一个完整和有机的意义整体。大体上说，词汇的复现包括：原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现、概括词复现和注释性复现。,例1： The strange thing was that practically all the students went to class, and very few people stayed up late at night. Only th

8、e new people stayed up or _ class. (NMET2000春） A. attended B. took C. missed D. studied,文章中or连接的是并列成分，所以空格中的内容应与上文went to class 构成相反的意义，该题属于反义词复现现象。,例2： How does a tooth go bad? The 51 begins in a little crack in the enamel(珐琅）covering of the tooth. This happens after germs and bits of food have col

9、lected there. Then the decay slowly spreads inside the tooth. In the end, poison goes into blood, and we may feel quite ill. (2002, 上海春季招生） 51. A. destruction B. decay C. fault D. hurt,上文中讲蛀牙如何产生。 空51和红体单词在意义上是一致的， 属于同义词复现现象。,4)词语固定搭配及辨析,完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查主要体现在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两个方面。习惯用法是英语中某些固定的结构形态，不能随意变

10、动。所以，考生应掌握习惯用法，用它来分析破解完形填空题或许可算得上是一件秘密武器。词义辨析题的比重有加大的趋势。要做好这类题目，非得有较大的词汇量、较强的词语搭配能力。,例1：I realized strength and courage arent always 1 in medals and victories, but in the 2 we overcome. (2004 天津 ) 1. A. measured B. praised C. tested D. increased 2. A. sadness B. struggles C. diseases D. tiredness,例2

11、: The other day I was sitting in a small restaurant having a quiet drink and a talk with a few friends when it suddenly 1 me that almost everyone in the restaurant was smoking. It wasnt long 2 the whole room was filled with smoke. 1. A. seemed B. struck C. sank D. showed 2. A. ago B. after C. before

12、 D. now,5)生活常识及文化背景知识,完形填空题以自身的内容提供完整的语篇信息，其间无不渗透着各类相关的常识与知识。考生做题时，若能积极地调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺理成章地选出正确的答案。因此，这就要求考生平时注意知识的积累，并加强不同学科间的知识融合，有意识地了解一些英语国家的文化背景知识，这对英语学习和应试将大有帮助。,例1： ,she was always waiting at the bus stop around 8:00. On 39 days, she wore heavy clothes and a pair o

13、f woolen gloves. 39. A.sunny B.rainy C.cloudy D.snowy,例2： Immediately) the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to thehospital. A. animal B. biggest C. plant D. nearest,例3：. One thing we all do now and again is to lose our 54 with a friend and close relatives. The odd thing is that we more oft

14、en display great 55 towards someone we are fond of than towards 56 . ( 2002 上海卷） 54. A. mind B. memory C. manner D. temper 55. A. anger B. interest C. love D. respect 56. A. strangers B. friends C. relatives D. colleagues,在日常生活中人们通常会对亲戚朋友或者自己发脾气，但却不在陌生人身上。 加上morethan的句型，则可以判断出答案了。,三、实战演练,做题三忌： 急于求成，

15、未通读全文便忙于答题，不了解文意，无整体概念边读边填，两眼忙于空白与选项之间，欲速则不达。 只抠字眼，语法，不顾文意，抓不住关键。 断章取义，就题论题，不管前后联系，互不照应，前后矛盾。,Are dreams of any use to the dreamer or to anybody else? We may remember the traveler who _1_ the ship Waratah at Durban because of his terrible _2_. The Waratah later disappeared entirely, with everyone on

16、 _3_. The travelers dreams helped him and saved him from _4_, but they didnt help the other people. Why was this man treated _5_ from everyone else?,1. A. leftB. got C. droveD. enter 2. A. ideas B. suggestions C. dreamsD. words 3. A. boardB. ship C. seaD. deck 4. A. lifeB. death C. illnessD. disease

17、 5. A. similarly B. differently C. strangely D. unfortunately,left,board,death,differently,dreams,Another man _6_ had a dream about the Black Forest in Germany. In his dream he was walking in the forest _7_ two men ran out and tried to throw him to the _8_. He ran off as fast as he could, but they f

18、ollowed. He reached a place _9_ he saw two _10_ roads in front of him, one to the right and the other to the left. Which road ought he to _11_ ?,6. A. aloneB. once C. stillD. even 7. A. whileB. as C. beforeD. when 8. A. floorB. earth C. soilD. ground 9. A. whichB. that C. whereD. who 10. A. sameB. s

19、eparate C. dividedD. crossed 11. A. takeB. bring C. carryD. go,句型,下文有暗示,宾语,separate,where,ground,when,once,take,He heard the two men _12_ him, getting nearer and at the same time he heard a voice in his ear. It told him to go to the _13_ , and he did so. He ran on and soon came to a small hotel. He

20、was _14_ here kindly and given a room, and so he was _15_ from the two men. That was the dream.,12. A. next to B. in front of C. besideD. behind 13. A. houseB. hotel C. leftD. right 14. A. accepted B. received C. refusedD. closed 15. A. killed B. murdered C. savedD. robbed,behind,right,下文有暗示,received,saved,16. A. exactlyB. really C. sincerely D. actually 17. A. happened B. pe