江苏省2016届高考英语一轮复习第13讲-虚拟语气-课件(共51张PPT).ppt

1、虚拟语气,Definition,陈述语气（the Indicative Mood）用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个想法，有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。,虚拟语气（the Subjunctive Mood）表示说话人的一种愿望、建议、命令、要求、有时是一种非真实的假设、料想，或是不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望。,1. 虚拟语气的考点 1、if条件句中的虚拟语气的用法； 2、if条件句中虚拟语气的及大考点； 3、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法； 4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法； 5、虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。,if引导的虚拟条件句,区别:,If it rains tomorrow, the crops

2、will be saved.陈述语气,If it rained tomorrow, the crops would be saved.虚拟语气,If I am free, I will visit you.,If I were a bird, I would fly into the sky.,（虚拟条件句）,(真实条件句）,If + 主 + did(were), 主+would/should/could/might +动词原形,If I were you, I would try it again.,1. 如果我是你，我会再试一次。,2.如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。,If I ha

3、d one million dollars, I would buy the plane.,与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句,If +主 +had done sth, 主+would/should/could/might +动词完成式（have done）,If he had worked hard, he would have passed the examination.,1.如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。,If I had married her, I would have been unhappy.,2.要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。,与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句,与将来事实

4、相反的虚拟条件句(通常有时间状语),If he came here tomorrow, I would tell him about it.,If he were to come here tomorrow, I would tell him.,1.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他这件事.,2.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他.,If + 主 + did(were to /should do), 主+would/should/ could/might +动词原形,一、一般条件句中的虚拟语气,一、一般条件句中的虚拟语气,1.If you _tomorrow, you _ find the new man

5、ager working in the office.,A. should come; would B. would come; would C. will come; should D. comes; might,2.If the parents _at the hospital earlier after the accident, the child would have been saved.,A. arrives B. arrive C. had arrived D. has arrived,3.If he _，he _that food.,Luckily he was sent t

6、o the hospital immediately.,A. was warned; would not have taken B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken,4.I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother.,A. has come B. did come C. came D. ha

7、d come,5.If my lawyer _here last Sunday, he _ me from going,A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented,If虚拟句的注意点,注意点一 条件状语的倒装：,如果条件状语从句中有were, had, should时, 可以去掉if从句倒装成：Were / Should / Had +主+其他,Were I you, I would try it again.,

8、Had he been there yesterday, he would have seen the film.,Should it snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out.,If I were you, I would try it again.,If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the film.,If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out.,1.Were it(_) not for their help,we couldnt have got o

9、ver the difficulties. 2.Had I (=_) known about it,I would have told you. 3.Should anyone (=_)call,please take a message. What would have happened, _ as far as the river bank? Bob had walked fartherB. if Bob should walk farther C. had Bob walked fartherD. if Bob walked farther,C,考题点击：,(=If it were,If

10、 I had,If anyone should,1._the exam, he would have attend a college.,A. If he passed B. Had he passed C. Were he passed D. If he should pass,2._five minutes earlier, you could have seen them off.,A. If you should arrive B. If you arrive C. Had you arrived D. Should you arrive,3._it rain tomorrow, we

11、 should have to put off the visit to the Science Museum.,A. Were B. should C. would D. will,If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now. 如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。 （从句说明过去，主句说明现在。） If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party. 如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。（从句说明现在，主句说明过去。）,主从

12、句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气 (混合条件句): 有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这时动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。,Attention:,If you _ him yesterday, you _ what to do now. asked would knowB. had asked would have known C. asked him knowD. had asked would know,D,If you hadnt bought the ticket last week, how would you go now?,考题点击：,虚拟语气中，常

13、出现从句与主句表示不同时期的事情，此时，从句与主句则分别用不同时态的虚拟语气。,注意点二 混合虚拟语气（错综条件句）,常用含蓄虚拟语气的情况： 规则1：if only 意为“要是 就好了”(与wish后面的虚拟语气类似) 规则2：without / but for 如果没有，就会 规则3：otherwise / or 否则，不然的话，就会。,注意点三 含蓄虚拟语气,3. without/but for/ 构成虚拟。but for要不是 Without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today. But for your help,

14、 I wouldnt have finished the work. Without your help, I would have failed. But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.,条件暗含在分词短语without/but for .中,. He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it . .I might have given you more help , but I was to

15、o busy .,3. She wasnt feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldnt have left the meeting so early. 考题点击： I went by plane; otherwise I _ much longer time. A.could take B.would take C.will have taken D.would have taken,D,But for your help, we couldnt have succeeded. Nothing could live without the sun.,考题点

16、击： Without your help, we _ such rapid progress. A. couldnt make B. wouldnt make C. will not have made D. wouldnt have made,D,名词性从句中的虚拟句,宾语从句中的虚拟语气,句式一：wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，表示 与事实相反的愿望。其表达形式一般是将从句的谓 语动词退后一个时态。例如: 1)与现在事实相反 : wish + (that)+did(were) I wish I were as healthy as you. I wish that I had a pla

17、ne. 2)与过去事实相反 : wish + (that)+had done I wish I had been to the concert last night. I wish you had written to him. 3)与将来事实相反 : wish + would/could/might+do I wish he would forgive me.,句式二： 在某些动词后的宾语从句中需用should+动词原形的虚拟语气形式。“should”可以省略。 常见的动词有:一个坚持insist; 两个命令order, command ; 三条建议suggest , advise, pro

18、pose; 四项要求demand, request, require, 注意：: suggest表 暗示表明 时 insist表坚持认为时不用虚拟语气,He ordered that the students (should) wash the clothes every week by themselves. The doctor suggested that she (should) have an operation at once.,以上这些动词的名词形式后面的表语从句 和同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气，也应以 (should) + v原. 的形式出现。,1.My suggestion i

19、s that you ( should ) go home first before coming here.,3.His request that his cost ( should ) be paid by the hour is completely reasonable.,4.The order came that the work (should) be finished two days ahead of time,2.My advice is that you (should) practise speaking English as often as possible,考题点击

20、： Is it necessary that he _ the examination? A. take B. has to take C. must takeD. take 2. It is strange that he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has told 3.It was ordered that no smoking _ in the library. A. should allow B. be allowed C. will be allowed D. is allowed,D,B,B,句式

21、四：would rather/prefer that从句(从句用虚拟语气) (1)表示愿望与“现在事实相反”，从句用一般过去时 (2)表示愿望与“过去事实相反”，从句用过去完成时，,would rather that,现在： 过去： 未来：,过去时,过去完成时,过去时,I would rather you paid me now.,I would rather you had gone, too.,Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.,主语从句中的虚拟语气,基本句型： 1. It be+过去分词+that+(should)+动词原形+,过去分

22、词：suggested, requested, ordered, proposed,It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.Its suggested that everybody (should) buy a dictionary.,2. It be+形容词+that+(should)+动词原形+ 形容词:important, necessary, natural, right, wrong, better, proper, funny, strange, surprising,It is necessary that we (shoul

23、d ) have a walk now. Its important that we (should) take good care of the patient.,3. It be+名词（ a pity/a shame/ no wonder） that + (should)+动词原形+,表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气,在 suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice , decision等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中 要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。,My suggestion is that we (should) lea

24、ve at once.,1)表语从句:,2)同位语从句:,I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.,考题点击： His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try 2.He gave an advice that they _ each other. A. helped B. must help C.help D.had helped 3.My suggestion is that

25、 a few more people _ there to help me. A. be sent B. have sent C. sent D. should sent,A,C,A,考题点击： His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try 2.He gave an advice that they _ each other. A. helped B. must help C.help D.had helped 3.My suggestion is th

26、at a few more people _ there to help me. A. be sent B. have sent C. sent D. should sent,A,C,A,状语从句中的虚拟语气,1、用在由as if,as though引导的状语从句中，表示 和现在事实相反或对现在的怀疑，用过去时；表 示过去想象中的动作或情况，用过去完成时;表示 将来用would + 动词原形。（ as if/ as though 从句：从句的虚拟语气与wish 后的宾语从句虚拟语气类似） It seems as if the man were his brother. This device

27、operated as though it had been repaired。,【注意】 as if / as though连接的从句表示可能的事实时，不需用虚拟语气,He speaks English as if/ though he is from the USA.陈述语气,He speaks English as if/ though he were from the USA.虚拟语气,as if /though + Clause,现在： 过去： 将来 :,did /were(现在),had done(过去),She loves the baby as if it were her o

28、wn son. He speaks as if he had been to the United States.,would+动词原形(将来),状语从句中的虚拟语气,2.用在lest, for fear that和in case引导的状语 从句中，这时谓语动词用should+动词原形 或动词原形。 She closed the windows lest she catch cold.,考题点击： 1. We felt as if we _ each other for years. A.knew B.were knowing C.had known D.have knowing 2. He

29、took away the oxygen tank for fear that it _. A. may explore B.exploded C. explode D.had explode,C,C,几种特殊句型中的虚拟,1.If only (1) 要是就好了 = I wish If only I knew his name now! If only we had followed your advice last time! If only I could see him again next year!,要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。,If only our parents co

30、uld live with us!,If only I hadnt missed the train!,要是我没错过火车就好了.,比较if only与only if only if 表示“只有”； I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. if only 则表示“如果就好了”。其从句中的谓语 动词用过去时或过去完成时。 If only I knew more. If only the alarm clock had rung.,2.Its (high/low) time 从句： It is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或

31、用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。 It is time that the children went to bed. It is high time that the children should go to bed. 类似的结构为 would rather 从句： I would rather you attended the meeting this afternoon.,考题点击： It is time that you _ the whole book. A.must go over B.can go over C.went over D.have gone ove

32、r,C,3.情境中提供虚拟语气 Suppose there were no gravity, objects would not fall to the ground when dropped.,1. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she , she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come 2. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it . A. brea

33、ks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 3. You didnt let me drive. If we in turn, you so tired.A. drove ; didnt get B. drove ; wouldnt getC. were driving ;wouldnt get D. had driven ; wouldnt have got 4.Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night ,too cold for us to live.A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldlyC. would be frozen c