应用型大学英语综合教程四+unit+4.ppt

1、应用型大学英语综合教程,上海交通大学出版社,应用型大学英语系列教材,Book 4,2,上海交通大学出版社,Language in Use,Enhancement of Language Abilities,Unit Four,Table of Contents,Language Skills Development,3,上海交通大学出版社,Focus1 content,Starter,Text: The legend of Sleepy Hollow,Working with words and phrases,Discussion,Practice: interpreting,Practic

2、e: translation,Practice: writing,Surfing the Internet,Highlights,Table of Contents,Part 1 Language Skills Development,4,上海交通大学出版社,focus1highlights,Highlights S: A quiz: love triangle L: Lucys letters R: The legend of Sleepy Hollow W: Patterns of organization (2): logical division Internet work: Sear

3、ching for skills of asking someone out on a date,Part 1 Language Skills Development,5,上海交通大学出版社,1. Starter,focus1starter,A. A love triangle is a romantic relationship involving three people. Do the following quiz and figure out what kind of person you are when in love.,Assume you and your best frien

4、d fall in love with the same person. What would you do in such a situation? A) Sacrifice friendship for love. B) Directly tell your friend about your feelings and persuade him / her to stand aside. C) For the sake of friendship, withdraw and look for new love. D) Ask the person you love to choose.,6

5、,上海交通大学出版社,1. Starter,focus1starter,A) You are probably desperate for love, that is, you may pursue love at the expense of anything else. The problem is that you are perhaps a sore loser in love; in other words, you cant take it when you lose love. B) You are surely a rational, confident, open, and

6、above-board person to pursue your love and you deserve your rivals respect. But the question is, what if your friend refuses to stand aside? C) You are perhaps a so-called “friend in need”, putting friendship above anything else. On the other hand, however, you may be a coward in love because you ar

7、e not confident and courageous enough to fight for or deserve true love. Remember: nothing ventured, nothing gained. D) You are wise, cool-headed, and reserved or selfish enough to avoid any possible conflict with others. By doing so you may harm neither your friend nor yourself directly, but you ma

8、y belittle yourself or lose your value in the girls or boys eyes since you are avoiding the test or competition of love.,7,B. Listen to a story and fill in the blanks with appropriate words.,focus1starter,上海交通大学出版社,1. Starter,Mind Map tinker / vi. 小修补，小修理 meticulous / a. 细心的；一丝不苟的 sprawling / a. 蔓生的

9、；不规则地伸展的 hardwood / a. 硬木的；硬木制成的 unmistakable / a. 确定无疑的,8,focus1starter,上海交通大学出版社,1. Starter,Lucys Letters In the house on the left of ours lived an old woman named Lucy. She and my parents (1) . Her husband had died about two years before, and she had no family (2) _. Lucy and her husband had boug

10、ht their house and property in the 1940s. Her husband loved to tinker around the house and yard, but the yard was (3) . He gave it meticulous care all year long, while she would (4) to distant relatives about the progress being made.,To be continued,got along splendidly,close by,his real passion,typ

11、e letters,9,focus1starter,上海交通大学出版社,1. Starter,Lucys husband brought the yard to a beautiful state. Everybody (5) _ on its condition. When he died, Lucy thought it befitting to (6) in the back yard, the place where he had spent countless hours. But after some time Lucy (7) that her husband had come

12、back to his yard. She was especially frightened of the sprawling back yard where he had spent many daylight hours. Lucy would tell us of hearing the (8) _ coming across the grass or of someone or something tapping her (9) . The next several years were lonely times for Lucy. We often had her at our h

13、ouse for (10) , but it didnt quite make up for losing a loved one. She spent the majority of her time typing letters on an old typewriter to (11) .,To be continued,admired and remarked,scatter his ashes,was convinced,sound of footsteps,on the shoulder,family gatherings,family and friends,10,focus1st

14、arter,上海交通大学出版社,1. Starter,When Lucy died, the house (12) for a long time. Before the new owners were to take over, my father did (13) inside. He often said he heard footsteps on the old hardwood floors. But we all knew (14) when we heard the unmistakable striking of typewriter keys. Lucy had come b

15、ack to type her ghost letters. I guess you could say that neither Lucy nor her husband was going to give up the things they (15) !,remained vacant,some repair work,something was happening,loved the most,11,focus1text,上海交通大学出版社,Text Organization,12,focus1text,上海交通大学出版社,Text Organization,13,focus1text

16、,上海交通大学出版社,Text Organization,14,focus1text,2. Text: The Legend of Sleepy Hollow,1 The valley known as Sleepy Hollow hides from the world in the high hills of New York state. There are many stories told about the quiet valley. But the story that people believe most is about the apparition of a headle

17、ss horseman. The story says the man died many years ago during the American Revolutionary War and he had his head shot off. He is ever seen hurrying along in the gloom of night, looking for his lost head.,Translation,沉睡谷传奇 1 有个山谷名叫沉睡谷，深藏于纽约州的崇山峻岭之间。关于这个沉静的山谷流传着很多故事，不过人们最相信的莫过于无头骑士鬼魂的故事了。故事说，很久以前，这个人

18、在美国独立战争中牺牲，据说他的头被炸掉了。人们看见他在幽暗的夜色中匆匆前行，寻找他失去的头颅。,上海交通大学出版社,hollow: n. C山谷，洞，窟窿 e.g. Lets have a picnic down in the hollow. Note that hollow is often used as an adjective, meaning “having an empty space inside (中空的，空心的)”. e.g. This tree looks high and strong but actually its trunk is hollow.,15,focus1

19、text,2 Near Sleepy Hollow is a village called Tarry Town. The village had a small school and the school teacher was named Ichabod Crane. Ichabod Crane was a good name for him, because he was tall and thin, just like a crane. His shoulders were small, joined to long arms. His head was small, too, and

20、 flat on top. He had big ears, large glassy green eyes, and a long nose.,Translation,2 沉睡谷附近有个村庄叫达里镇。村里有所小学，学校里有位老师叫伊卡博德鹤。伊卡博德鹤这个名字很适合他，因为他又高又瘦，就像一只鹤，瘦小的肩膀上连着两只长长的手臂。他的头也小小的，头顶平平的，还有一对大耳朵，两只大而无神的绿眼睛和一个长长的鼻子。,上海交通大学出版社,glassy: a. 1) 目光呆滞的，没有神采的 e.g. He gazed at the street with dull, glassy eyes. 2) 光

21、亮透明的；玻璃状的 e.g. The building is reflected on the glassy surface of the lake.,2. Text: The Legend of Sleepy Hollow,16,focus1text,3 Ichabod did not make much money as a teacher. And although he was tall and thin, he ate like a fat man. To help him pay for his food he earned extra money teaching young p

22、eople to sing.,Translation,3 作为一个老师，伊卡博德收入十分有限。他虽长得瘦高，吃起饭来可不含糊，饭量跟一个大胖子不相上下。为了能多赚点钱填饱肚子，他又兼职教年轻人唱歌。,上海交通大学出版社,Questions about Paras. 2-3,2. Text: The Legend of Sleepy Hollow,17,focus1text,1.Why was Ichabod Cranes name suitable for him?,Because he was tall and thin, just like a crane.,上海交通大学出版社,2.How

23、 did Ichabod make his living?,Ichabod made his living as a teacher and earned extra money teaching young people to sing.,2. Text: The Legend of Sleepy Hollow,18,focus1text,4 Among the ladies Ichabod taught was one Katrina Van Tassel. She was the only daughter of a rich Dutch farmer. She was a bloomi

24、ng lass of fresh eighteen; plump as a partridge; ripe and melting and rosy-cheeked as one of her fathers peaches. Ichabod had a soft and foolish heart for ladies, and soon found himself interested in Miss Van Tassel.,Translation,4 伊卡博德教的女孩子当中有个叫卡特里娜 范塔苏的。她是一位荷兰富农的独生女，正值十八岁的花季，像鹌鹑一样丰满，成熟而柔美，脸色红润，就像她父

25、亲种的桃子一样。伊卡博德对女人总是有一颗柔软而痴傻的心，很快，他便意识到自己对范塔苏小姐的爱慕之情。,上海交通大学出版社,Note the following expressions containing heart: heart-broken 伤心的，绝望的 hard-hearted 无情的 a heart of stone 狠心，铁石心肠 a heart of gold一颗金子般的心（心地善良） lose ones heart to someone 爱上某人，钟情于某人 cry/sob ones heart out 哭得死去活来 pour out ones heart 倾诉衷肠 have

26、a heart! 发发慈悲吧 have no heart 冷酷无情,2. Text: The Legend of Sleepy Hollow,19,focus1text,5 But there were many hurdles blocking the road to Katrinas heart. One was a strong young man named Brom Van Brunt, a hero to all the young ladies. He was broad-shouldered and double-jointed, with short curly black

27、hair, and a bluff but not unpleasant countenance. He always won the horse races in Tarry Town and earned many prizes. Brom was never seen without a horse. Such was the enemy Ichabod had to defeat for Katrinas heart.,Translation,5 但是要走进卡特里娜的心里有重重障碍。其中有一个叫布罗姆范布伦特的年轻人，他身强体壮，是所有年轻女孩心中的英雄。他肩膀宽阔，身体柔韧，一头卷曲

28、的黑色短发，配着一张粗犷但并不让人讨厌的脸庞。村里的赛马比赛他总是赢家，赢得了许多奖项。而且，布罗姆总是骑着马。伊卡博德要赢得卡特里娜的心，必须打败这样一个敌人。,上海交通大学出版社,Question about Para. 5,Note how the name Brunt suggests that the strong man was Ichabod Cranes worst rival as the word “brunt” means “the main force or impact, as of an attack or blow”.,2. Text: The Legend of

29、 Sleepy Hollow,20,focus1text,3.Who was Brom and what did he look like?,Brom was Ichabods rival for Katrinas heart. He was broad-shouldered and double-jointed, with short curly black hair, and a bluff but not unpleasant countenance.,上海交通大学出版社,2. Text: The Legend of Sleepy Hollow,21,focus1text,6 Stron

30、ger and wiser men would not have tried. But Ichabod had a plan. He could not fight his enemy in the open. So he did it silently and secretly. He made many visits to Katrinas farm and made her think he was helping her to sing better. 7 Time passed, and the town people thought Ichabod was winning. Bro

31、ms horse was never seen at Katrinas house on Sunday nights any more.,Translation,6 稍微强壮、聪明的男人都会知难而退，但是伊卡博德有自己的计划。他无法公开和敌人决斗，所以他悄悄地、秘密地进行。他经常拜访卡特里娜家的农庄，使她认为他是在帮助她提高唱歌水平。 7 时间流逝，村里的人都认为伊卡博德将赢得这场竞争。星期天晚上再也看不到布罗姆的马出现在卡特里娜家。,上海交通大学出版社,Question about Para. 7,Note that “was winning” here means the same as

32、“was going to win” or “would win”. e.g. Everyone could see that he was dying. He said that he was flying to Detroit next Monday.,2. Text: The Legend of Sleepy Hollow,22,focus1text,4.Why did the town people think Ichabod was winning?,Because Broms horse was never seen at Katrinas house on Sunday nigh

33、ts any more.,上海交通大学出版社,2. Text: The Legend of Sleepy Hollow,23,focus1text,8 One day in autumn Ichabod was asked to come to a big party at the Van Tassel home. He dressed in his best clothes. A farmer loaned him an old horse for the long trip to the party. 9 Brom Van Brunt rode to the party on his fa

34、stest horse, called Daredevil. All the young ladies smiled happily when they saw him.,Translation,8 到了秋天，一天伊卡博德受邀到范塔苏家参加一个盛大的派对。他穿上他最好的衣服。因为去参加派对要走很远的路，一位农夫借给他一匹老马。 9 布罗姆范布伦特骑着他那匹跑得最快的名为“鬼见愁”的马来到派对。所有的年轻女孩看到他，都向他露出了欢快的笑脸。,上海交通大学出版社,2. Text: The Legend of Sleepy Hollow,24,focus1text,10 Ichabod was ha

35、ppy dancing with Katrina, the lady of his heart, while Brom, sorely smitten with love and jealousy, sat brooding by himself in one corner. When the music stopped, the young people sat together to tell stories about the Revolutionary War.,Translation,10 伊卡博德很开心地和心上人卡特里娜跳着舞，而布罗姆却经受着爱火与妒火的双重煎熬，独自坐在角落里沉

36、思。音乐结束后，年轻人坐在一起讲有关独立战争的故事。,上海交通大学出版社,Meaning: Ichabod was enjoying dancing with Katrina, his beloved girl. Brom, in contrast, was sitting alone in a corner, suffering from the bitterness of his love and jealousy in silence.,the lady / girl of ones heart: 意中人 e.g. He dreamed to marry Linda, the girl

37、of his heart.,brood: vi./vt. 1) 沉思，默想 e.g. Its no use brooding over ones past mistakes. She brooded over the problem for two hours. 2) 孵蛋 e.g. Many birds often come here to brood.,2. Text: The Legend of Sleepy Hollow,25,focus1text,11 Soon stories about Sleepy Hollow were told. The most feared story

38、was about the rider looking for his lost head. One farmer told how he raced the headless man on a horse. The farmer ran his horse faster and faster. Until the headless horseman suddenly stopped. Gone were his clothes and his skin. All that was left was a man with white bones shining in the moonlight

39、.,Translation,11 不一会儿，人们讲起了沉睡谷的故事。最恐怖的莫过于无头骑士寻找他丢失的头颅的故事。一个农夫讲他是如何与无头骑士赛跑的。农夫策马飞奔，直到无头骑士突然停下来。他的衣服和皮肤倏然脱落，仅剩一堆白骨，在月光下闪闪发亮。,上海交通大学出版社,Note that the verb “run” is used as a transitive verb meaning “to cause (an animal) to move rapidly (使奔跑)”. e.g. He never walks his dog; he runs it.,“Gone” is a past p

40、articiple used as a predicative adjective. Examples of adjectival use of the past participle as a predicative or an attributive: One more question and Im done. The apple is seen as a forbidden fruit in the Bible.,2. Text: The Legend of Sleepy Hollow,26,focus1text,12 The stories ended and time came t

41、o leave the party. Ichabod seemed very happy until he said goodnight to Katrina. Was she ending their romance? He left feeling very sad. Had Katrina been seeing Ichabod just to make Brom Van Brunt jealous so he would marry her?,Translation,12 故事讲完了，派对也该结束了。伊卡博德看起来一直都非常开心，直到他向卡特里娜道晚安。他们的爱情要结束了吗？他离开时感

42、到非常难过。卡特里娜一直和伊卡博德会面，是只为了让布罗姆范布伦特嫉妒，好让布罗姆娶她吗？,上海交通大学出版社,Question about Para. 12,2. Text: The Legend of Sleepy Hollow,27,focus1text,5.How did Ichabod feel at the party?,Ichabod seemed very happy until he said goodnight to Katrina. At this point, he started to feel very sad because he thought that Katr

43、ina had been seeing him just to make Brom Van Brunt jealous so he would marry her.,上海交通大学出版社,2. Text: The Legend of Sleepy Hollow,28,focus1text,13 Well, Ichabod began his long ride home. 14 He thought he saw something white move in the tree. But no, it was only the moonlight shining and moving on th

44、e tree. Then he heard a noise. His body shook. He kicked his horse faster. The horse ran fast and then suddenly stopped, almost throwing Ichabod forward to the ground.,Translation,13 不管怎么说，伊卡博德开始了他回家的漫长旅程。 14 他好像看到树林中有白色的东西在移动。哦，不，那不过是明亮的月光在树上移动。突然，他听到一个声音。他的身体颤抖起来。他踢了一下马，让它跑快些。马飞快地跑起来，突然又停了下来，差点将伊卡

45、博德甩到前面的地上。,上海交通大学出版社,2. Text: The Legend of Sleepy Hollow,29,focus1text,15 There, in the dark woods on the side of the river where the bushes grew low, stood an ugly thing. Big and black. It did not move, but seemed gathered up in the gloom, like some gigantic monster ready to spring upon the travel

46、er.,Translation,15 他看到，河边漆黑的树林中，在低矮的灌木丛里，站着一个丑陋的东西。那东西又大又黑，并未移动，但昏暗中它看起来像个巨大的怪物，已做好了准备，要随时扑向他。,上海交通大学出版社,note the use of adjectives, especially in pairs, as an adverbial. e.g. Tall and strong, the man threw the robber on the ground in no time.,2. Text: The Legend of Sleepy Hollow,30,focus1text,16 Ic

47、habods hair stood straight up. What was to be done? To turn and fly was now too late. Summoning up, therefore, a show of courage, he demanded in stammering accents, “Who are you?” He received no reply. Ichabods old horse began to move forward. The black thing began to move along the side of Ichabods

48、 horse in the dark. Ichabod made his horse run faster. The black thing moved with them. Side by side they moved, slowly at first.,Translation,16 伊卡博德汗毛直立。怎么办？转身逃跑已经太晚了。于是他鼓起勇气，结结巴巴地问道：“你是谁？”没有回应。伊卡博德的马开始往前移动。那个黑东西也靠着伊卡博德的马在黑暗中移动。伊卡博德让马跑得更快，那黑东西也紧跟着跑。就这样，它们并排跑着，一开始跑得并不快。,上海交通大学出版社,Meaning: Ichabod, t

49、errified by what he saw, was at a loss what to do. As it was too late for him to turn his horse and run away, he had to brace himself to ask in a broken voice who the horseman was, but he got no response.,2. Text: The Legend of Sleepy Hollow,31,focus1text,17 Ichabod felt his heart sink. For a moment

50、 the moon shone down and to Ichabods horror, he saw it was a horse. And it had a rider. But the riders head was not on his body. It was in front of the rider, resting on the horse. He rained a shower of kicks and blows upon his horse, hoping by a sudden movement to give his companion the slip; but t

51、he spectre started full jump with him. Away, then, they dashed through thick and thin; stones flying and sparks flashing at every bound.,Translation,17 伊卡博德的心沉了下去。有那么一瞬间, 月光直射而下，伊卡博德惊恐地看到，那是一匹马，上面坐着一个骑士，但骑士的头不在他的身体上，而是在骑士的前面，搁在马背上。他对马一阵拳打脚踢，希望能快速甩掉这个跟踪者，但那个幽灵却全速跟着他跑了起来。然后，他们不顾一切往前飞跑，飞沙走石，火星四溅。,上海交通大

52、学出版社,Question about Paras. 15-17,Meaning: He kicked and hit his horse many times in a brief space of time, trying to run away from his chaser, but the ghost rode fast enough to go side by side with him and they both rushed recklessly, with flying stones and flashing sparks around the jumping feet of

53、 their horses.,give sb. the slip: 甩掉某人；避开某人 e.g. The little girl managed to give the chaser the slip.,through thick and thin: 不顾艰难险阻，在任何情况下 e.g. He remained loyal to me through thick and thin. The warden didnt hesitate to quit as a protest against the firing of his partner, who had followed him thro

54、ugh thick and thin.,2. Text: The Legend of Sleepy Hollow,32,focus1text,6.What did Ichabod think he met on the way back, and what did it look like?,He thought he met the headless horseman. The horseman head was not on its body, but rested on the horse in front of the rider.,上海交通大学出版社,2. Text: The Leg

55、end of Sleepy Hollow,33,focus1text,18 Up ahead was the old church bridge where the headless horseman stops and returns to his burial place. 19 “If only I can get there first, I am safe,” thought Ichabod. Ichabod looked back to see if the headless man had stopped. He saw the man pick up his head and

56、throw it with a powerful force. The head hit Ichabod in the face and knocked him off his horse to the dirt below.,Translation,18 传说中的无头骑士总是在前边教堂边的老桥头停下来，然后回到墓地。 19 伊卡博德心想：“只要我能先到那儿，我就安全了。” 伊卡博德转身去看无头骑士是否停了下来。他看到那个人提起他的头，用力扔了过来。头砸到伊卡博德的脸上，把他从马背撞到地上。,上海交通大学出版社,Note that “Up ahead was the old church br

57、idge” is one more case of inversion for the obvious reason that the subject “the old church bridge”, which is modified by an attributive clause, would be too heavy if placed before the predicate.,Note that “if only” here is followed by a sentence with the modal verb “can” in the present tense, which

58、 suggests a likely happening, event, or state (in the future) rather than a hypothetical one which would require the subjunctive mood. e.g. If only he arrives on time! If only (=I wish) he had talked to her sooner!,2. Text: The Legend of Sleepy Hollow,34,focus1text,20 They found Ichabods horse the n

59、ext day peacefully eating grass. They could not find Ichabod. 21 They walked all across the valley. They saw the foot marks of Ichabods horse as it had raced through the valley. They even found Ichabods old hat in the dust near the bridge. But they did not find Ichabod. The only other thing they found was lying near Ichabods hat.,Translation,20 第二天，人们发现伊卡博德的马平静地吃着草，但没有发现伊卡博德。 21 人们满山谷寻找，但只看到伊卡博德的马穿越山谷时留下的蹄印。人们甚至在桥边的尘土中发现了伊卡博德的旧帽子，但还是没