应用型大学英语综合教程二+unit+6.ppt

1、,上海交通大学出版社,Book 2,应用型大学英语系列教程,应用型大学英语综合教程,Application-oriented college English Course,上海交通大学出版社,Back,Next,Language Skills Development,Language in Use,Enhancement of Language Abilities,Unit 6,Unit Six,Table of Contents,上海交通大学出版社,Focus1 content,Back,Next,Part 1 Language Skills Development,Starter,Text

2、: The Debtor Generation,Working with words and phrases,Discussion,Practice: interpreting,Practice: translation,Practice: writing,Surfing the Internet,Highlights,Table of Contents,上海交通大学出版社,focus1highlights,Back,Next,Highlights S: Talking about cartoons: street beggars disagreeable (令人不快的，讨厌的); disag

3、reement (分歧，不一致，意见不合); disengage (放开；挣脱开，摆脱开),repay: vt. 1) 还（钱）；偿还 e.g. Ill repay you the money you lent me next week. 2) 报答，酬谢 e.g. Id like to buy them something to repay all their kindness. repayable: a. 可偿还的；应偿还的；应回报的 repayment: n. U归还借款，偿还债务,well-paying: a. 高工资的，报酬优厚的,sacrifice: n. 1) C, U牺牲，舍弃

4、 e.g. Getting rich isnt worth the sacrifice of your principles. 2) C, U 祭献，祭祀 e.g. It was common to make sacrifices to the gods to ensure a good harvest.,Back,Next,Translation,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,一场真正的变革 3 前几代刚成年的时候，往往生活窘迫客厅中摆放着牛奶箱，冰箱里放着老密尔沃基牌的啤酒。他们在为了舒适的物质生活而兢兢业业的奋斗中，学会了一个道理花钱与赚钱密切相关。,A R

5、eal Revolution 3 Previous generations tended to begin adulthood in reduced circumstances milk crates in the living room, Old Milwaukee in the fridge. They worked their way into material comfort while absorbing the lesson that buying is closely related to earning.,adulthood: n. U 成年 -hood 状态；时期 e.g.

6、parenthood (做父母的身份); manhood (成年，成年时期); childhood (童年); neighborhood (街区，域区),reduced circumstances:（委婉表达从富到穷）生活窘迫,work ones way into: 兢兢业业地达成 e.g. He works his way into being a successful contractor.,Meaning: They obtained a comfortable material life by hard work. Meanwhile, they learned that if the

7、y want to buy, they have to earn first.,absorb: vt. 1) 理解；吸取 e.g. Clever children absorb knowledge easily. 2) 吸收（水、光、蒸汽等） e.g. Plants can absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen.,work ones way into: 兢兢业业地达成 e.g. He works his way into being a successful contractor.,reduced circumstances:（委婉表达从富到穷）生活

8、窘迫,Back,Next,Translation,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,4 与此相反，负债的一代中很多人刚成年的时候往往享受着优越的物质生活客厅中摆着各种架子，冰箱里放着皮特牌淡啤酒。紧接着，如果他们稍不注意（开销），就不得不控制这种依赖信用卡消费的生活方式以便可以付清账单。而这一点，并不是所有的人都能做到，那么他们就会因此付出代价。,Question about Para. 4,4 In contrast, many in Generation D begin adulthood with material comfortshelves in the l

9、iving room, Petes Wicked Ale in the refrigerator. A A little later, if theyre not careful, they have to throttle back on their credit-fueled lifestyle so they can pay the bills. Not all can, and they pay the consequences.,in contrast:相反 e.g. In contrast with their system, ours seems very old-fashion

10、ed. His white hair was in sharp contrast to his dark skin.,Meaning: On the contrary, many people of Debtor Generation grow up in comfortable conditionall kinds of shelves in the living room, top-grade beer in the refrigerator.,throttle: vt. 1) 调节油门，减/加速 e.g. I throttled back as we approached the run

11、way. High tariffs throttle trade between countries. 2)使窒息，掐死 e.g. He throttled the guard with his bare hands. throttle back: 控制，收敛 e.g. He hopes to throttle back on his emotions.,throttle: vt. 1) 调节油门，减/加速 e.g. I throttled back as we approached the runway. High tariffs throttle trade between countri

12、es. 2)使窒息，掐死 e.g. He throttled the guard with his bare hands. throttle back: 控制，收敛 e.g. He hopes to throttle back on his emotions.,Meaning: Later on, if theyre careless with their spending, they have to control their credit on which their life is dependent so that they will be able to repay their de

13、bts.,focus1text,The Generation D begins adulthood with material comfort and depends too much ng.thood in reduced circumstances, working their way into material comfort, thus knowing that buying is closely relaton credit card consumption. Previous generations, however, began adulthood in reduced circ

14、umstances. They worked their way into material comfort.,上海交通大学出版社,2. Text: A Story of Steve Jobs,1. How is the lifestyle of the Generation D different from that of their previous generations?,Back,Next,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,Back,Next,Translation,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,Question about P

15、ara. 5,5 Experts agree that todays 18- to 30-year-olds have more debts than their forebears. Thats especially true of the majority of high school graduates who go on to college or trade school, where people commonly get student loans and credit cards, even if they dont have jobs.,be true of: 合乎事实的；真

16、的；真实的；确实的 e.g. Possibly the same is true of social work. The same is true of all political parties.,go on to sth.: 接着开始另一个项目 e.g. Lets go on to the next item on the agenda.,5 专家们认为，现在18至30岁之间的人比他们上几代欠的债更多。尤其对大多数高中毕业就上大学或职业学校的学生来说，情况更是如此。在大学或职业学校里，尽管学生没有工作，通常也可以申请学生贷款和信用卡。,上海交通大学出版社,focus1text,2. Wha

17、t do the experts have in common with regard to their opinions concerning the 18-to 30-year-olds debts?,Experts agree that todays 18- to 30-year-olds have more debts than their forebears.,Back,Next,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,Back,Next,Translation,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,Question about Para.

18、6,6 People disagree about whether thats so bad. After all, young adults accept student loans and credit cards gladly and most repay dutifully. But critics worry that corrosive social effects result from the habit of taking on debt before one has sufficient income to repay.,corrosive: a. 逐步起破坏作用的，损害性

19、的 e.g. Fear of unemployment is having a corrosive effect on the countrys economy.,result from: 由产生 e.g. Her injuries resulted from a fall. cf. result in: 造成，导致 e.g. The cyclone has resulted in many thousands of deaths.,take on: 承担 e.g. Dont take on more responsibility than you are expected.,6 人们对这种情

20、况是否很糟糕意见不一。毕竟，年轻人很乐意接受学生贷款和信用卡， 而且大多数人能尽责地偿还。但是评论家们担心，这种个人还没有足够的收入来还款就背上债务的习惯会造成不良的社会影响。,上海交通大学出版社,focus1text,3. Do people see eye to eye on the issue of student debts? What are the two opposing views?,No, they dont. Some believe that young adults accept student loans and credit cards gladly and mos

21、t repay dutifully. But critics worry that corrosive social effects result from the habit of taking on debt before one has sufficient income to repay.,Back,Next,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,Back,Next,Translation,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,梦想与债务 7 20世纪90年代，负债生活的诱惑日增。学杂费暴涨，联邦政府也加强了对学生贷款的限制，信用卡在校园市场

22、的推销如火如荼。2000年，78% 的大学本科生拥有信用卡。,Dreams and Debt 7 The lure of living on debt increased in the 1990s. Tuition and fees skyrocketed, the federal government increased student loan limits, and credit cards were marketed vigorously on campus. In 2000, 78 percent of college undergraduates had credit cards.

23、,tuition: n. 1) U学费 e.g. When I started college, tuition was $350 a quarter. 2) U 讲授，教诲 e.g. He received private tuition in English.,skyrocket: vi. （指物价等）飞涨，猛涨 e.g. The trade deficit has skyrocketed.,vigorously: ad. 有力地 e.g. They were arguing vigorously on the responsibility of the death of the four

24、 college students.,Back,Next,Translation,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,8 更微妙的变化到处可见。经济蓬勃发展，在异国复活节假旅游胜地拍摄的MTV充斥荧屏，老友记描述了一群年轻人在曼哈顿宽敞公寓里的舒适生活。二十几岁的年轻人梦想着大学或职业学校一毕业就过上富足的生活。,Question about Para. 7- 8,8 Subtler changes abounded. The economy boomed, MTV broadcasted from exotic spring-break locales, Friend

25、s portrayed young adults living comfortably in roomy apartments in Manhattan. Twenty-somethings expected to live well right out of college or trade school.,Meaning: Delicate changes exist everywhere.,abound: vi. 大量存在，有许多 e.g. Grass abounds here all the year round.,boom: vi. 迅速发展，繁荣 e.g. By the 1980s

26、, the computer industry was booming.,exotic: a. 1) 异国情调的；奇异的 e.g. The film retains much of the books exotic flavour. 2)异国的，外来的 e.g. Pandas are exotic animals to America.,portray: vt. 1)描述；描绘；描写 e.g. The film vividly portrays life in the trenches. 2)为某人画像，画某人的像 e.g. She is portrayed wearing her weddi

27、ng gown.,roomy: a. =spacious 宽敞的，宽大的 e.g. Though more expensive, a roomy car can make you more comfortable. n. + -y rainy, windy, snowy, juicy, watery, glassy, grassy.,Twenty-something: 二十几岁的人 thirty-something/forty-something 三十到三十九（四十到四十九）岁 e.g. A fifty-something came to see you when you were out.

28、你不在时，有一位五十几岁的男子来找过你。,上海交通大学出版社,focus1text,4. Why did the lure of living on debt increase in the 1990s?,Because tuition and fees skyrocketed, the federal government increased student loan limits, and credit cards were marketed vigorously on campus. Meanwhile, the economy boomed, and mass media portra

29、yed young adults living comfortably in large city. They are all attractive to young people.,Back,Next,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,Back,Next,Translation,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,9 在这些情况下，还有什么理由不借钱呢？1996年，公立大学里平均每位贷款的学生在毕业时欠债11950 美元。1998年，平均每个本科生有3.5张信用卡，负有1879美元的结欠款。,Question about Para. 9,9

30、Under these circumstances, why not borrow? An average student loan recipient owed $11,950 upon graduating from a public university in 1996. In 1998, the average undergraduate had a balance of $1,879 on 3.5 credit cards.,balance: n. 1) C (usu. sing) 结欠 e.g. The balance of 500 will be paid within one

31、week. 2) C (usu. sing) 差额 e.g. I must check my bank balance, i.e. find out how much money I have in my account. balance of payments:国际收支差额 balance of trade:贸易差额，进出口差额 e.g. a balance-of-trade deficit (when a country spends more than it earns from exports),上海交通大学出版社,focus1text,5. How much balance did

32、an undergraduate have on average on 3.5 credit cards in 1998?,$1,879.,Back,Next,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,Back,Next,Translation,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,10 有人担心，这些债务将迫使毕业生放弃令人振奋但薪水不高的职业，而去从事沉闷乏味但收入丰厚的工作。密苏里大学研究员帕特里夏萨默斯，在做学生贷款项目研究时曾采访了500多人，她说有一个准英语博士生打算拿到博士学位后就重操旧业当21点扑克游戏的发牌员。,Question abo

33、ut Para. 10,10 Some worry that all this debt forces grads to forsake exciting but low-paying jobs in favor of dreary but well-paying jobs. Patricia Somers, a University of Missouri researcher who interviewed 500 people for her research on student loans, tells of a Ph.D. candidate in English who was

34、considering returning to her old jobdealing blackjackafter earning her doctorate.,grad = graduate grad: n. C 大学毕业生 （尤指获得学士学位的人） e.g. His girlfriend is a Harvard grad. 2) C毕业生 e.g. a high-school graduate,tell of:描述，叙述 e.g. The poem tells of the deeds of a famous warrior.,doctorate: n. C 博士学位 Related

35、terms： bachelors degree 学士学位 (Bachelor of Arts 文学学士 Bachelor of Science 理学学士) masters degree 硕士学位 (Master of Arts 文学硕士 Master of Science 理学硕士) doctors degree 博士学位 (通常叫Ph.D. 即Doctor of Philosophy),forsake: vt. 1) =give up 放弃，离开（尤指喜爱的事物） e.g. You must forsake your bad habits. 2) =abandon 离开（尤指不履行责任），遗

36、弃，舍弃 e.g. His gambling father forsook his family and went west for a living. 区别:forsake, abandon, desert, give up The sailors abandoned the sinking ship. He deserted his country and helped the enemy. He has forsaken his native Finland to live in Britain. In no case should you give up.,上海交通大学出版社,focu

37、s1text,6. Why did a Ph.D. candidate consider returning to her old jobdealing blackjackafter earning her doctorate?,Because debt forces her to forsake exciting but low-paying jobs in favor of dreary but well-paying jobs.,Back,Next,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,Back,Next,Translation,2 Text: The Debtor

38、 Generation,不推迟人生大事 11 当然，大多数贷款人在签署贷款文件时是以另一种角度看待这个问题的：学生贷款债务使他们能够追求自己的梦想，其他的信贷来源则让他们过上舒适的生活。,Question about Para. 11,Not Putting It Off 11 Most borrowers, of course, look at it another way when they sign those loan papers: Student loan debt enables them to pursue their dreams, and other sources of

39、credit allow them to live in comfort.,上海交通大学出版社,focus1text,7. How do most students view their debts?,Most students think that student loan debt enables them to pursue their dreams, and other sources of credit allow them to live in comfort.,Back,Next,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,Back,Next,Translatio

40、n,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,12 即使年轻人花的比赚的多，他们也不会推迟那些人生大事结婚、生子、买房。,12 Even as young people spend more than they earn, theyre not postponing lifes milestonesmarriage, children and a house.,postpone: vt.延期，推迟 e.g. The match was postponed to the following Saturday because of bad weather.,milestone:

41、n. C里程碑 e.g. The heart transplant reached a significant milestone in the 1930s.,Meaning: Even though young people do not make as much money as they spend, theyre not putting off the important events in their life, such as getting married, having kids and buying houses.,Back,Next,Translation,2 Text:

42、The Debtor Generation,13 当被研究人员问及是否会因为债务而推迟结婚、生子或购房时，少数学生说债务确实会有那种影响。但研究表明，他们的言行并不一致：他们想结婚的时候就结婚、想生子的时候就生子，想买房的时候就买房，债务对此并没有多大影响。,13 When researchers have asked students whether debt will cause them to delay marriage, parenthood or homeownership, a few say that debt indeed will have that effect. But

43、 studies show that deeds dont match words: People get married, have kids and buy houses when they want to, and debt has little to do with the timing.,Meaning: But studies show that they do not do what they say: People get married, have kids and buy houses as they wish and debt has little influence o

44、n their life planning.,have something/little to do with: 与有（没有什么）关系 e.g. Her diligence must have something to do with her success. The big fire has little to do with the weather.,timing: n. U, C 时间选择（或安排）；发生时刻（或时段） e.g. One of the secrets of cricket is good timing. Please check your flight timings c

45、arefully.,Back,Next,Translation,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,14 有些人甚至自负地声称：债务会催人成长。,14 Some people make a loftier claim: that debt forces people to grow up.,lofty: a. 1) 傲慢的，高傲的 e.g. She has such a lofty manner. 2)崇高的，高尚的 e.g. lofty ambitions/principles,上海交通大学出版社,interaction,Read aloud the tongue t

46、wister on debt.,Teds dad wrote Ted a letter He told Ted he was a bad credit debtor And his head was buried in debt To pay the debt he put his step pet in the net Ted bet hed better get rid of debt Dad said Ted could settle the debt But Ted let dad make every effort to settle the debt Dad wrote Ted t

47、he last letter the next dusk That Ted left with his step pet in the net he put on the bed in the flat,Back,Next,上海交通大学出版社,Back,Next,A. Put the following Chinese expressions into English.,4. Working with words and phrases,1. 偿还贷款 _ 2. 一次付清学费 _ 3. 终年多雨 _ 4. 异国淡水宠物鱼 _ 5. 把他描写成一位了不起的英雄 _ 6. 攻读博士学位 _ 7.

48、有志之士 _ 8. 人类历史上的里程碑 _,repay the loan,pay off the tuition once for all,abound with rain all the year round,exotic freshwater pet fish,portray him as a great hero,study for ones doctorate,a person with lofty ideals,the milestones in the human history,上海交通大学出版社,B. Complete the following sentences with

49、appropriate words in the text.,4. Working with words and phrases,1. Weve invited friends to supper and its too late to p_ it now. 2. The couple are ready to make every s_ if they can get their child into a foreign university. 3. Assuming risks simply means accepting the possibility that a loss may o

50、ccur and being prepared to pay the c_.,Back,Next,ostpone,acrifice,onsequences,上海交通大学出版社,4. Working with words and phrases,4. The private sector, in c_, is being asked to take a bigger role than the public sector. 5. The old worker t_ of his sufferings in the old society. 6. They propose at the confe

51、rence that one effective method of debt management is to stop buying on c_.,Back,Next,ontract,old,redit,上海交通大学出版社,Focus1discussion,Discuss the following questions with a partner or in a small group of 4 to 6 students.,1. Whats the most important reason that younger generations have more debts?,5. Di

52、scussion,Hints,Grew up in the worldwide economic boom, used to enjoying material comfort and pleasure, credit cards provide ease of consumption and convenient way of life.,Back,Next,The younger generations grew up in the worldwide economic boom. They are used to enjoying material comfort. So, when c

53、redit cards provide them with ease of consumption and convenient way of life, they become more indulged in it than previous generations. Thats why they have more debts.,上海交通大学出版社,Focus1discussion,2. Do you think that debt forces people to grow up? Why or why not?,5. Discussion,Hints,No, too many deb

54、ts, sacrifice a lot to pay back, may be forced to do illegal deeds to repay.,No, I dont think so. Because if young people have too many debts, they have to sacrifice a lot to pay back, such as their time of learning, life experience with their peers and so on. Whats worse, some young people may be f

55、orced to do illegal deeds in order to pay back their debts.,Back,Next,上海交通大学出版社,Focus1discussion,3. If you have more than one credit card, how would you like to use them properly?,5. Discussion,Hints,Plan different uses of the cards according to their favorable clauses, control unnecessary consumpti

56、on and spend money on the right cause, make ends meet.,I will make a plan of how to use different cards according to favorable clauses of each credit card. I will control my unnecessary consumption and spend money on the right cause. I will make ends meet.,Back,Next,When the researcher, Patricia Som

57、ers interviewed a student for her research on student loans, they had a conversation as follows. Interpret it into English with your partner. 萨默斯：你好！感谢你参加我的这项调查。请回答我几个问题。你有债 务吗？ 学生： 有一些，但不是很多。 萨默斯：你的债务主要包括哪些方面呢？是否有学生贷款或者信用卡债 务？ 学生： 既有学生贷款又有一些日常消费的信用卡债务。(consumption) 萨默斯：你觉得信用卡债务对你的生活有影响吗？(influence)

58、,上海交通大学出版社,Focus1interpreting,6. Practice: interpreting,Back,Next,上海交通大学出版社,Focus1interpreting,Somers: Hello. Thank you for attending my research interview. Please answer several questions. Do you have any debts? Student: Yes, a little. Not much. Somers: What kind of debts do you have? Are there student loans or credit card debts? Student: Yes, I have both student loans and some credit card debts of daily consumption. Somers: Do you think credit card debts influence your life?,6. Practice: interpreting,Back,Next,学生：