英语教学原则--Chapter-4-Principles-of-English-Teaching-in-Schools.pptx

1、Chapter 4 Principles of English Teaching in Schools,The Principles of Teaching,The principles of teaching are guidelines based on certain education concept, and should be followed in teaching activities. The principles of English teaching in elementary and middle schools should be followed as the ba

2、sic guidelines in training, capacity-building, intercultural education and other educational activities.,The Student-centered Principle,How do you think of student-centered teaching?,Content of Student-centered Principle The student-centered principle in elementary and middle school English teaching

3、 is to design and develop teaching activities according to the real learning goals, learning mechanisms, motivation, interests and difficulties of the students, to encourage students participation in activities which are designed to cultivate their language ability, communication skills and capacity

4、 for sustained development. The purpose of the implementation of this student-centered principle is not to create a student-led self-learning process, but to foster understanding of the learners purpose, motivation, self-confidence, anxiety etc., to develop student potential and guide them to find w

5、ays to solve problems so as to improve and maintain their self-confidence and to speed up the process of language acquisition.,The need for the student-centered principle,The changes in concept resulted from the study of modern foreign language teaching theories. The emphasis in foreign language lea

6、rning and teaching research changes from how to teach to how to learn; The focus of teaching content shifts from language skills to language content; Attention to students increases; The way in which teaching content is presented has changed. 2. The requirements of the national curriculum standards

7、for English in schools in china(2001),Implementation methods of the student-centered principle,Draw up rational teaching programs Reflect on the student-centered principle in teaching process Textbook analysis Lessons preparation Teaching activities Teaching methods,Reasonable objective principle,Id

8、eas behind teaching objectives Teaching objectives are learning results that students are expected to achieve within a specified time. Teaching objectives are closely interrelated with teaching requirements, teaching content, and teaching practices. The teaching objectives determine the selection an

9、d organization of teaching content. The teaching mission is the direct embodiment of teaching objectives in a specific phase, and it determines to what extent the teaching objectives can be achieved. We usually use “the ability to identify, understand and apply” to describe foreign language teaching

10、 objectives in elementary and middle schools.,The classification of teaching objectives,Bloom said that teaching objectives include three main elements, namely, “cognitive domain”, “affective domain” and “psychomotor domain”. Cognitive domain deals with a persons ability to process and utilize infor

11、mation in a meaningful way. The affective domain relates to the attitudes and feelings that result from learning process. The psychomotor domain involves manipulative or physical skills. 2. The well-known US educational psychologist Robert M. Gagne said that there are five categories of learning: in

12、tellectual skills, cognitive strategies, verbal information, motor skills and attitudes.,Lesson teaching objectives can generally be identified by considering the following: Linguistic knowledge Language skills Socio-cultural awareness Emotional attitude and values Learning strategies,Approaches to

13、set reasonable teaching objectives,Be student-centered Comply with the laws of teaching Comply with the National Curriculum Standards Be comprehensive Be divided into stages Be adjustable,Section 3 Effective Principle,Question？,What do you associate the effective principle to in your mind?,Section 3

14、 Effective Principle,The effective teaching derived from the first half of the 20th century. After that, it has become one of the focuses of teaching researches, and practice. Effective teaching is a dynamically developing process. Nowadays, in order to carry out the new curriculum scientifically an

15、d effectively and design the reasonable objectives or effective activities, all teacher must understand effective principle and carry out it.,Section 3 Effective Principle,Effective Principle in elementary and middle school means that the teaching at class should help students to achieve or exceed t

16、he specified objective within specified time. Effective principle includes effectiveness (效果）and efficiency（效率) Effectiveness (效果）means achieving the teaching effective with limited time. Efficiency（效率) refers to teaching objectives should be achieved within minimal time.,The method of Implementing

17、the Effective Principle,1.Know the studensneeds students physical, communicational, emotional, moral and cognitive development. 2. Make a reasonable teaching plan The teaching material, students development, teaching theories,exploitation of new curriculumetc.,3.Let the students define the study goa

18、l Teacher need to help students analysis the syllables and teaching material to get the goal. Teacher tell directly students the study goal. 4.Design the teaching activities Effeective language learning should be built on active practice.Every activity needs to be carefully designed to take students

19、 level in to considerlation. 5.Use language that is easy to understand Body language ,mime , understandable sentences,eye contact etc.,The method of Implementing the Effective Principle,6. Pay attention to the students response By reviewing students response, the teacher will know whether students a

20、re interested in the content, whether the content is too difficult to understand, the teacher can make adjustments. 7. Encourage the students to ask questions Students dare to ask questions. Students want to ask questions. Students can ask appropriate questions.,The method of Implementing the Effect

21、ive Principle,8. Encourage the students to evaluate themselves Teaching evaluating is necessary for gathering feed back, monitoring teaching quality, and making adjusting in teaching. The content of the evaluation should include basic language knowledge, language skill, the students learning emotion

22、, learning attitude, learning strategy, language potential and manner. 9. Offer abundant learning resources Teaching material, teaching aids, learning tool, teaching equipment, campus culture, community culture, and implicit social knowledge.,Section 4 Realistic Principle,Content of realistic Princi

23、ple: Breen proposed that “authenticity” should cover the following: the authenticity of the social context reproduced in the classroom. The realistic principle means that in order to improve the efficiency and quality of education, English teachers should grasp the true meaning of educational factor

24、s, in particular the real purpose for which learners learn, their real motivation, real interest, real difficulties in learning, and what is for learner an authentic learning mechanism. (Lu ziwen,2001),What is the difference between realistic and authentic?,Methods to implement the realistic princip

25、le,Grasp the purpose of using language,Using the real teaching content,Design teaching appraisal,Design pragmatically real activities,Grasp the purpose of using language The ultimate goal of English teaching is to train not only grammatical competence, but also pragmatic competence.,Using the real teaching content Teaching content includes text book, sample sentence, inside and outside c