2015年 高考二轮复习主旨大意题.ppt

1、Reading Comprehension,主旨归纳题 (main idea),PART1 Question forms:,1.主题类,（1).The main idea of the passage is _. (2). The passage is mainly about _. (3). What is the passage mainly about? (4). Which of the following statement can best summarize/ sum up the main idea of the passage? (5). Whats the main poi

2、nt/main idea/central thought of the passage?,Question forms:,2.标题类,（1).The best title/headline for this passage might be_. (2).The text (Passage) could be entitled _. (3).What is the best title for the passage? (4).Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage?,3.作者意图类,(1).The

3、authors main purpose in writing the passage is _. (2).The passage is meant to _. (3).The purpose of this article is _. (4). The authors purpose is to show _.,1 English is clearly an international language. It is spoken by pilots and airport control operators on all the airways of the world. Over 70

4、percent of the worlds radio programs are in English.,PART 2 Find the topic sentence,2.Let us consider how voice training may contribute to personality development and an improved social adjustment. In the first place, it has been fairly well established that individuals tend to become what they beli

5、eve other people think them to be. When people react more favorably toward us because our voices convey the impression that we are friendly, competent, and interesting, there is a strong tendency for us to develop those qualities in our personality. If we are treated with respect by others, we soon

6、come to have more respect for ourselves. Then, too, ones own consciousness of having a pleasant, effective voice of which he does not need to be ashamed contributes materially to a feeling of poise（泰然自若）, self-confidence, and a just pride in himself. A good voice, like good clothes can do much for a

7、n ego（自我） that otherwise might be inclined to droop（萎靡）. The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is:A) Our Ego B) The Reflection of Our Personality C) How to Acquire a Pleasant Voice D) Voice Training in Personality Development,Tip 1:at the beginning 主题句( Topic sentence)在段首:一个主题句常常是一

8、个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。在议论文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。,3. Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own(by themselves) . Still others like a democratic(民主的) discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised(design) to satisf

9、y all students at the same time.,4. Handshaking, though a European practice, is now often seen in big cities of China. It is said that long long ago in Europe when people met, they showed their unarmed (无武器的) hands to each other as a sign of goodwill. As time went on and trade in cities grew rapidly

10、, people in cities began to clap each others hands to make a deal or to reach an agreement. This practice was later changed into shaking hands among friends on meeting or leaving each other. “Lets shake (hands) on it” sometimes means agreement reached. Do the Europeans shake hands wherever they go a

11、nd with whomever they meet? No. Sometimes the Chinese abroad reach out their hands too often to be polite. It is really very impolite to give your hand when the other party, especially when it is a woman, shows little interest in shaking hands with you and when the meeting does not mean anything to

12、him or her. Even if, for politeness, he holds out his unwilling hand in answer to your uninvited hand, just touch it slightly. There is generally a misunderstanding(误解) among the Chinese that westerners are usually open and straightforward, while the Chinese are rather reserved (保守的) in manner. But

13、in fact some people in western countries are more reserved than some Chinese today. So it is a good idea to shake hands with a westerner only when he shows interest in further relations with you.,67. The main purpose of the text is_.A. to tell us some differences between the East and the WestB. to o

14、ffer us some important facts about handshakingC. to introduce us to some different customs in the WestD. to give us some advice before we travel abroad,Tip 2: at the end 主题句在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据, 层层推理论证, 最后自然得出结论, 即段落的主题。本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现,它是此段内容的结论。,5. We surveyed local residents in three university towns thr

15、oughout the state to find out their opinions on the students in those towns. We questioned over three thousand people and found that since our last survey three years ago, attitudes towards students have changed considerably. “Lazy” “scruffy” and “bad-mannered” was how more than 40% of those questio

16、ned described students， up from 22% in the last survey. This year only 25% considered students to be “polite” and “friendly” compared with 39% three years ago. Overall, 49% considered students to be a positive part of the town compared to 58% last time.,3. 有些段落的主题句被安排在段落的中间,since our last survey thr

17、ee years ago, attitudes towards students have changed considerably.,Passage D 6. If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention: “Color TV. Only 79. Two days sale. Hurry.” However, when you go to the store ready to buy. You may discover

18、that they are sold out. But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model, a much better set which is “just right for you”. It costs 395. This sales method is called “bait and switch”. Buyers are baited with a sales advertisement, and then they are switched to another more expens

19、ive one. Buying items on sale needs careful consideration of the goods and the reason for the sale. The paragraph could be entitled _. A. Buying A TV Set B. A Selling Method C. Buyer Beware D. TV On Sale,(detail) (detail) (detail),An example ( detail),effects,the topic sentence is in the middle of t

20、he passage.,Tip 3: at the middle 主题句在段中。开段的句子作为引题，而主题则由随之引出的句子来表达。为了阐明主题思想，在主题句后，仍有一些句子陈述细节。其层次为：引题-主题-解释（细节）。,7.Good manners are important in all countries, but ways of expressing good manners are different from country to country. Americans eat with knives and forks; Japanese eat with chopsticks.

21、Americans say “Hi” when they meet; Japanese bow. Many American men open doors for women; Japanese men do not. On the surface在表面上 , it appears that good manners in America are not good manners in Japan, and in a way this is true. But in any country, the only manners that are important are those invol

22、ving one persons behavior toward another person. In all countries it is good manners to behave considerately towards others and bad manners not to. It is only the way of behaving politely that differs from country to country.,8. Theres as an old Saying: “A coward （懦夫） dies many times; a hero dies bu

23、t once.” So it is with newspaperstheir death has been predicted many times, but they are still with us. But will they be with us forever? Newspapers have survived as long as they have because they can bring an in-depth coverage of issues that require time and consideration. Readers go to newspapers

24、to learn about complex issues. Reputable newspapers become opinion leaders in their editorial and commentary columns, quite apart from their ability to investigate issues and become breakers of important news. However, the threat of the internet is likely to prove profound. Many young people now tur

25、n to the Web for news. However much radio and television led the attack on the newspaper as a news source, one of its main sources of income advertisings remained intact （未受影响的）. Not only does the Web take readers, it also takes advertising. Many newspapermen see the threat of the Web as being of a

26、new kind. Some publications will go under, but those which serve specialized markets and which are commercially solid will survive. The death of the newspaper has been predicted many times, but the newspaper is still with us and is likely to remain so.,Theres as an old Saying: “A coward （懦夫） dies ma

27、ny times; a hero dies but once.” So it is with newspaperstheir death has been predicted many times, but they are still with us. But will they be with us forever? Newspapers have survived as long as they have because they can bring an in-depth coverage of issues that require time and consideration. R

28、eaders go to newspapers to learn about complex issues. Reputable newspapers become opinion leaders in their editorial and commentary columns, quite apart from their ability to investigate issues and become breakers of important news. However, the threat of the internet is likely to prove profound. M

29、any young people now turn to the Web for news. However much radio and television led the attack on the newspaper as a news source, one of its main sources of income advertisings remained intact （未受影响的）. Not only does the Web take readers, it also takes advertising. Many newspapermen see the threat o

30、f the Web as being of a new kind. Some publications will go under, but those which serve specialized markets and which are commercially solid will survive. The death of the newspaper has been predicted many times, but the newspaper is still with us and is likely to remain so.,What might be the most

31、suitable title for the text? A. The newspaper VS the Web B. Why do people read newspaper? C. What do you like to read? D. Death of the newspaper?,Tip 4: at both the beginning and the end This paragraph begins with a topic sentence and ends with a restatement of the same topic sentece在文章开头和结尾 :首尾呼应，为

32、突出主题, 作者先提出主题, 结尾时再次点出主题, 这种首尾呼应的写作方式常用于记叙文，议论文，但前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复, 后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。,1 Magellans men were the first to make the trip around the world. It took them more than two years to do so by ship. 2 Magellan was from Portugal, but he sailed for the King of Spain. On September 20, 1519, he l

33、eft Spain with five ships and 240 men. After passing the trip of South America, they reached the Pacific Ocean, on which they sailed more than one year. Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water. Many of them died of hung

34、er and diseases. They even had to live on sawdust. Finally in April 1521, Magellan got to the Philippine Islands, where he was killed. His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean. It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope. By the time they returne

35、d to Spain on December 21,1521, seven out of every eight men had died. 3 Magellans voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball.,Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage? Magellans death. Going around the World. The World Is R

36、ound. Magellans Voyage.,10,1 Magellans men were the first to make the trip around the world. It took them more than two years to do so by ship. 2 Magellan was from Portugal, but he sailed for the King of Spain. On September 20, 1519, he left Spain with five ships and 240 men. After passing the trip

37、of South America, they reached the Pacific Ocean, on which they sailed more than one year. Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water. Many of them died of hunger and diseases. They even had to live on sawdust. Finally in

38、April 1521, Magellan got to the Philippine Islands, where he was killed. His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean. It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope. By the time they returned to Spain on December 21,1521, seven out of every eight men h

39、ad died. 3 Magellans voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball.,Paragraph 1: Magellans voyage was the first trip around the world .,Paragraph 2: The process of Magellans long difficult voyage,Paragraph 3: Magellans voyaged proved the earth is round.,Mag

40、ellans voyage,Magellans men were the first to make the trip around the world. It took them more than two years to do so by ship. Magellan was from Portugal, but he sailed for the King of Spain. On September 20, 1519, he left Spain with five ships and 240 men. After passing the trip of South America,

41、 they reached the Pacific Ocean, on which they sailed more than one year. Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water. Many of them died of hunger and diseases. They even had to live on sawdust. Finally in April 1521, Magel

42、lan got to the Philippine Islands, where he was killed. His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean. It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope. By the time they returned to Spain on December 21,1521, seven out of every eight men had died. Magellan

43、s voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball. Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage? A. Magellans death. B. Going around the World. C. The World Is Round. D. Magellans Voyage.,(too narrow),(too narrow),(too broad),(just p

44、roper),PART3 解题技巧 1)主要内容型 文首： 新闻报道、议论文 文末： 记叙文 说明文: 文中：例子/假设 例子/假设后进入主题 没有主题句： 找反复出现的词语,判断文章体裁很重要！,找主题句的小窍门,1) 首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨； 首段出现具体例子或假设时，例子或假设后面的内容往往就是主旨。 2) 作者有意识地反复重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词； 3) 段落中出现表转折的词语（如but,however, thus, in fact, actually等）时，该句很可能是主题句；,A new eight-kilome

45、ter road is under construction that links the port area with motorway system. It is expected to carry 20,000 trucks and cars a day, which greatly reduces the overcrowded traffic in the center of the city.As part of the project, two four-kilometer road tunnels are being built below the central area o

46、f the city, one for traffic to the north and the other for the traffic to the south. The two tunnels are about 20 meters below the surface and are 12 meters wide, providing for two lanes of traffic in each direction. In the upper part of the tunnel two air-conditioning pipes remove the waste gas of

47、trucks and cars and keep the quality of air inside the tunnel. The lighting is at the top of the tunnel, practically at its highest point. There will also be electric signs at frequent intervals. They show traffic conditions ahead and can be seen clearly by drivers. The wall is made up of four main

48、elements, which include a waterproofing covering and, on the inside of the tunnel, a concrete lining.,Each tunnel is roughly round and the lower part of the tunnel is somewhat flat. The surface of the road lies on the base, which is made of concrete and steel. The drainage system, just below the roa

49、d surface on one side, removes any extra liquid, particularly water. In the event of fire, the fire main, which is made of steel, pipes water to many fire hydrant stations at regular intervals along the length of the tunnel. The fire main is at the side of the tunnel and at the level of the road sur

50、face. Other systems in the tunnel will include emergency phones.,The passage is mainly about _. A. the construction of a road B. the design of a road C. the construction of two tunnels D. the design of two tunnels,D,体裁：说明文,没有主题句 找反复出现的词语,文章标题型,文章标题就是对文章主要意思的概括，考查对全文中心思想的理解，因此，解答这类题的方法与解答主要内容题基本相同，都是

51、寻找主题句，或归纳主要内容，但与之相对比，却具备了概括性、针对性、醒目性的特点。,推敲选项正误的小窍门： 1) 正确选项不出现细节信息。 2) 正确选项一般不含过分肯定或者绝对意义的词。 3) 正确选项一般有抽象名词或概括性词语。 4) 四个选项中，内容相近或完全相反的两个选项中，往往有一个是正确选项。 5) 干扰项特点：概括范围太窄，只含局部信息；概括范围太宽，所表达的内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容。以事实细节代替抽象大意,例题 If cars had wings，they could fly and that just might happen, beginning in 2011.The

52、company Terrafugia, based in Woburn, Massachusetts, says it plans to deliver its carplane, the Transition, to customers by the end of 2011. “Its the next wow vehicle，”said Terrafugia vice president Richard Gersh. “Anybody can buy a Ferrari, but as we say, Ferraris dont fly.” The carplane has wings t

53、hat unfold for flyinga process the company says takes one minuteand fold back up for driving. A runway is still required to take off and land. The Transition is being marketed more as a plane that drives than a car that flies, although it is both. The company has been working with FAA to meet aircra

54、ft regulations, and with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to meet vehicle safety regulations. The company is aiming to sell the Transition to private pilots as a more convenient and cheaper way to fly. They say it saves you the trouble from trying to find another mode of transporta

55、tion to get to and from airports: You drive the car to the airport and then youre good to go. When you land, you fold up the wings and hit the road. There are no expensive parking fees because you dont have to store it at an airportyou park it in the garage at home.,体裁：说明文,The carplane is designed t

56、o fly primarily under 10,000 feet. It has a maximum takeoff weight of 1,430 pounds, including fuel and passengers. Terrafugia says the Transition reduces the potential for an accident by allowing pilots to drive under bad weather instead of flying into marginal conditions. The Transitions price tag:

57、 $194,000, But there may be additional charges for options like a radio, transponder or GPS. Another option is a fullplane parachute. “If you get into a very awful situation, it is the necessary safety option，” Gersh said. So far, the company has more than 70 orders with deposits.“Were working very closely with them, but there are still some remaining steps,” Brown said. （ ） Whats the best title for the passage? ACars With Wings May Be Just Around the Cor