名词用法及练习题.ppt

1、,名词,初三英语总复习,学习目标 要点、考点聚焦 典型考题解析 课时训练, 中考考查形式：选择题、单词拼写、完形填空。,学习目标,掌握常用名词的数的变化；掌握名词所有格的构成用法；辨识常用专有名词的一些常用的缩写形式。,a对知识的记忆和识别. b对知识的领会;理解和转换. c对知识的运用;分析和重组,并能用语言做事.,考点揭密,_|专有名词 | | 名 | | 个体名词 | | | | 可数名词| | | 集体名词 | |普通名词 | | | 词 | | 物质名词 | | | | 不可数名词| | 抽象名词 | |,Proper Nouns (专有名词): 指人名、地名及某些人和事物专有的名称

2、,Eg: Diana; Beijing; Americans;English; May; New Years Day,注意：专有名词的第一个字母要大写,常用专有名词的一些常见的缩写形式:,CCTV UFO ID USA UN WTO UB,专有名词 表示个别的人、事物、地点等专有的名称。专有名词第一个字母要大写 * Lucy ,Zhou Jielun * the Summer Palace ,Wenzhou * China,England,Japan Monday,Tuesday,- January,February- Teachers Day, the Spring Festival-,普通

3、名词 1）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：apple等。 2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family，clothes，police等。 3）物质名词:表示无法分为个体的实物,如air，bread，money，chicken等等。 4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work，information等。 个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词。,可数名词 表示人、事物、地点等的名称。 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式之分,可数名词的单数形式 一般可用a来修饰 * a car *a book 在

4、元音发音开头的单词前用 an * an elephant * an apple 请区别：a useful machine an unusual person,要点考点聚焦,Formulas 寻找规律,1.直接加-s 2.以辅音字母+y 结尾的名词，变 y 为i 加-es Eg. baby, city, country, dictionary, factory, family, lady, party, story, library, etc. Notes:以元音字母+y 结尾的名词，直接加-s Eg: boy, day, birthday, holiday, key, monkey, toy,

5、 play, way, weekday, etc.,3以s, x , ch, sh 为结尾的名词，加-es Eg: bus, box, class, address, dress, glass, watch, match, sandwich, brush, cross, etc. 4.以f 或 fe 为结尾的名词，变f 或 fe为ve 再加s Eg: half, thief, half, shelf, knife, life, wife, wolf, etc. 5.以o 为结尾的单词的名词，加es 或 s 加es的: tomato, potato, hero 加s的: photo, radio

6、, piano, kilo, bamboo, zoo Notes: zero 的复数为 zeros 或 zeroes,1.单数和复数相同 Eg: Chinese, Japanese, sheep, deer,fish 2.变元音字母 manmen woman-women foot- feet tooth-teeth Frenchman-Frenchmen 3.词尾变化 child-children 4.通常以复数形式出现的名词 trousers, scissors, chopsticks, clothes, glasses , people， police,可用how many，many，a

7、few，few，any，lots of, some，a lot of 等修饰可数名词复数 *There are a few people in the park. *How many knives are there in your pencil-box?,不可数名词 物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词如: water，rice，fish，meat 等。 特别记住housework work chalk time space music money weather cotton homework wood information news medicine,1.不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单

8、数 *Some bread is over there. *No news is good news. 2.常用how much, much, a little, little, a lot of, some, any等来修饰不可数名词 *They had much money. *He does little housework at home.,3.常用a piece of, a cup of, a glass of,a bottle of等来表示不可数名词的量,单复数表现在of 前面的名词上，而 of 后始终是单数 *There is a piece of paper in the bo

9、ok. *Three glasses of orange are on the desk.,注意： 可数名词也可用量来表示， of 后用复数 * There are two bags of clothes over there. * We have five boxes of apples.,Translation 英汉互译,两杯橙汁 2.六袋米 3.几片面包 4.七杯茶 5.三箱苹果 6.一些女教师 7.几个男司机 8. 五个男学生 9.很多女学生 10.四个家庭成员,two glasses of orange,six bags of rice,several pieces of bread

10、,seven cups of tea,three boxes of apples,some women teachers,a few men drivers,five boy students,many girl students,four family members,有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情 况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同 (1) glass(玻璃) a glass(玻璃杯) paper(纸) a paper(报纸) work(工作) a work(著作) room(空间) a room(房间),(2) fruit(水果) fruits (各种水果) fish(鱼) fish

11、es(各种鱼) hair(所有头发) hairs (几根头发) time(时间) times(时代),Quick Response 快速反应 Say the plural forms of the countable nouns,job _ 2.cake _ 3.bread _ 4.baby _ 5.lady _ 6.key_ 7.box _ 8.match _ 9.brush _ 10.leaf _ 11.knife _ 12.shelf _ 13.potato_ 14.photo _ 15.radio _ 16.people_ 17.police _ 18.news _ 19.tooth

12、_ 20.child _ 21.day _,jobs,cakes,babies,ladies,keys,boxes,matches,brushes,leaves,knives,shelves,potatoes,photos,radios,people,police,teeth,children,days,看例题识所有格,1. Beijing is the capital of China. Beijing is Chinas capital.,2. This is Mary and her sisters bedroom. Bob and Lucys sister is a nurse.,3.

13、 These are Toms and Lilys bags.,4. She is the two boys mother.,5. the door of the room the leaves of the tree,6. the girls name=the name of the girl,7. He is a friend of my brothers.,的,名词的所有格(表示人或物的所属关系) (1)有生命的名词所有格以及表示时间、距离、城镇、国家等的名词所有格。 不是以s结尾的名词变成所有格时，在词尾加s。 egMikes watch；Womens Day 以s结尾的名词变成所有格

14、时，只加。 egteachersoffice，studentsrooms 两个或两个以上名词并列，表示共同所有，只需在最后一个名词后加s。 egTom and Mikes room汤姆和迈克的房间(表示汤姆和迈克共有一间房) 两个或两个以上名词并列，表示分别所有，需在几个名词后都加s。 eg.Marys and Jennys bikes玛丽和詹妮的自行车(表示玛丽和詹妮各自的自行车),(2)无生命的事物的名词所有格常用of结构 ega map Of China，the beginning Of this game，the door Of the room (3)特殊形式 可用s和of短语表示的

15、名词所有格 egthe boys name=the name Of the boy(男孩的名字) the dogs legs=the legs of the dog(狗的腿) Chinas population=the population Of China(中国的人口) Chinas capital=the capital of China(中国的首都) 双重所有格 ega fiend of my mothers我妈妈的一个朋友 a picture of Toms汤姆的一张图片,【例1】Today is September 10th.Its_Day. A.Teachers B.Teacher

16、s C.the Teachers D.Teachers,【例2】 Im afraid that there is no_ for you in my car,because there are already five people. A.land B.ground C.room D.floor ,B,C,【例3】 I am thirsty.Would you bring me_,please? A.some bread B.some water C.some cakes D.some eggs,【例4】 Some_are flying kites near the river. A.chil

17、d B.boy C.boys ,B,C,典型考题解析,1.How far is your school from here？ Not very farIts about twenty walk. Aminutes Bminutes Cminutes 2. There are three in my family. A.people B. person C. child 3. Most students can go to college for further in our city. A. education B. information C.science 4. This is bedro

18、om. The twin sister like it very much. A. Ann and Jane B. Ann and Janes C.Anns and Janes,C,A,A,B,1.The rich_not always happy. A.are B.is C.have D.has 2.In Britain,_are all painted red. A.letter boxes B.letters boxes C.letter box D.letters box 3.There are four_and two_in the group. A.Japanese，Germen

19、B. Japaneses，Germen C.Japanese，German D.Japanese，Germans 4.She was born in Wuhan,but Wenzhou has become her second_. A.home B.family C.house D.country 5.Mother brought me_. A.a good news B.a piece of news C.many good news D.two news,A,A,D,A,B,课时训练,6.March 8th is _Day. A.Womans B.Womens C. Women 7.We

20、 can do the work better with_money and _ people. A.less,fewer B.fewer,less C.little,little D.few, few 8.There are three_in our class. A.Zhous B.Zhous C.Zhous D.Zhouss 9.Its about ten_walk. A.minutes B.minutes C.minute D.minutes 10.This room is_. A.Bill and Davids B.Bills and Davids C.Bills and David

21、s D.Bill and David,(B),(A),(B),(B),(A),11.Beijing is one of the most beautiful_in China. A.city B.cities C. the cities 12.Would you like_? A.some more meat B.any more meat C.many more meat D.more much meat 13.What can I do for you, sir? Id like two_. A.bottle of milk B.bottles of milks C.bottles of

22、milk D.bottle of milks 14.Toms car is more beautiful than_. A.his brothers and sister B.his brother and sister C.his brothers and sisters D.his brothers and sisters 15.“Nightingale Prize”is for_. A.workers B.scientists C.doctors D.nurses,B,A,C,D,D,指点迷津,Ten years _(is ,are) short time for me. A pair of shoes _(is, are) under the bed. The number of the students in our school _(is ,are) 2,000.