大学英语四级提纲式作文写作.ppt

1、,提纲式命题作文,Directions: In this section, you are asked to write a composition entitled Should people own cars or not? Your composition should be based on the outline given below. Your composition should be at least 120 words. Outline: 1、有人赞成个人买车。 2、也有人持相反观点。 3、你的看法。 Should People Own Cars or Not?,Shoul

2、d People own Cars or not?,Now having a car is more and more popular, so many familys want to buy a car. They think its useful. Some youngs think its cool, and many people think its convenent when they have a private car. They dont need to wait the crowded bus/so they can go to work on time. Its save

3、 the time. And they also can drive the car go wherever they want to . A family can have a travel togethter. Its comfortable. In a word, they can improve the quality of their life with a car. Especially the increasing of private car can promote the economic. It can lead the development of many indust

4、ries. Its good for our countrys developing.,作文评分原则及标准,14分 漂漂亮亮：切题，表达思想清楚，文字连贯，连贯性好，基本上语言无误。 11分清清楚楚：切题，表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。 8分马马虎虎：基本切题，有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯，语言错误相当多，其中一些是严重错误。 5分糊里糊涂：基本切题，表达思想不清楚，连贯性差，有较多的严重语法错误。 2分一塌糊涂：条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎，或大部分句子都有错误，且多数为严重错误。,Praise, An Important Gift Some people thin

5、k that critism can change ones view of life. However, many people argue that praise is more important. In my opinion, praise is more profitable than critism. Praise is like fresh air, without it, our life will become uninteresting and inhappy. Giving praise does not cost the giver a lot, but, the re

6、ceiver can learn much. There are many people who succeed at last with a praise, Take myself for example. Though it happened a long time ago, I remember it clearly. It was a sports meeting and I attend it. At first, I was very confident and thought I was the best of them, so I had no training. The tr

7、uth was, during the race, many students left me behind. Then I want to give up and was frustrated. Fortunately, my PE teacher came and patted on my back:” As long as you stick to continue, success will belong to you. I believe you, come on!” He said with a smile. You know, I improved dramatically an

8、d won the prize. So, praise is an important gift.,试评分！,写作对策,内容是否紧扣主题，涵盖提示要点 作文结构层次是否清晰 语言表达是否流畅，有无重大语病，有无逻辑错误 是否能恰当的使用过渡性词语 作文字数是否达到要求 卷面是否整洁，书写是否漂亮,写作体裁,议论文 说明文 记叙文,议论文开头常用句式,Recently, the problem of has aroused peoples concern. has been playing an increasingly important role in our daily life. It

9、has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well. Nowadays, has become a problem we have to face. It is commonly believed that / It is a common belief that Many people insist that With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that A lot of pe

10、ople seem to think that ,议论文结尾常用句式,Taking all these factors into consideration, we finally come to the conclusion that Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that Hence / Therefore, wed better arrive at the conclusion that There is no doubt that (job-hopping)

11、 has its drawbacks as well as merits. All in all, we cannot live withoutBut at the same time, we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.,写作类型,原因类 （现象解释型） 观点类对立观点 （对比选择型） 办法类 （问题解决型） 提问类 （视情况而定） 观点类事物性质 利弊类 批驳类,观点论证类,各种类型的写作方法 现象解释型：基本方法为：描述现象分析原因对现象做出预测或如何促进(限制)这种现象

12、的进一步发展。 对比选择型：基本方法为：阐述一种观点或态度并表明这种观点或态度正确的理由;阐述第二种(相对或相反的)观点或态度并说明这种观点或态度正确的理由;表明个人支持或反对以上观点或态度，并说明原因。 问题解决型：基本方法为：提出问题分析问题解决问题。 观点论证型：基本方法为：分析主题得出结论举例论证得出结论(证明观点的正确性)。,三段式作文的结构安排,表明对立的双方观点,表明个人态度及理由,总结重申自己的立场，联系现实，展望未来。,号召行动。,以事实论证，举例论证，因果论证，反面论证等方式进行论证,总结重申自己的立场，联系现实，展望未来。,表达个人观点,In my opinion Fro

13、m my point of view As far as I am concerned, As for me, I cannot entirely agree with the idea that Personally, I am standing on the side of Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why I sincerely believe that ,论证方法,论点：,反面论证,举例论证,事实论证,因果论证,论 证 方 法,大学英语四级写作,举例论证： for example,

14、for instance, to illustrate, as an illustration I can think of no better illustration of this point than . It can manifest itself best in It is not necessary to cite all the examples of this point, but suffice it to mention A good case in point is.,图 画 作 文,事实论证： No one can deny the fact that There i

15、s no denying the fact that. It is universally acknowledged that It is obvious/ evident that It is common saying that As we all know,. As is shown in a recent survey,. According to a recent survey,.,大学英语四级写作,The following reasons may be responsible for. There are two main reasons accounting for the p

16、henomenon. 除了下面两个原因，没有更好的了。 I can think of no better reasons for the phenomenon other than the following two. Several factors, both individual and social, could account for the negative phenomenon. Obviously, a variety of complicated factors contribute to the phenomenon, with the following one being

17、 the foremost. 很明显，有很多复杂的原因导致这个现象的发生，而下面的是最有代表性的。,17,图 画 作 文,原因论证常用过渡句,大学英语四级写作,Why did? For one thingFor another Perhaps the primary reason is I quite agree with the statement thatThe reasons are chiefly as follows.,原因论证常用过渡句,As a result Therefore, . ., which has brought about./ which will contribu

18、te to.,19,图 画 作 文,结果论证常用过渡句：,大学英语四级写作,图 画 作 文,反面论证（1句）：,要是没有的话，我们就不会取得一个 一个伟大的成就 2. 没能做到.的人必将在处事中出于不利的位置,大学英语四级写作,原因类,Harmfulness of Fake Commodities 1. 目前社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品(fake commodities)。为什么会有这种现象? 2. 举例说明假冒伪劣商品对消费者个人、社会等的危害。,Nowadays a lot of fake commodities flood into the market and do great harm

19、to the consumers and the whole society. Why are there so many fake commodities? The first reason, in my mind, is that some people dream of earning a large sum of money easily and quickly. Furthermore, the general social atmosphere is somewhat unhealthy-many people attach great importance to money in

20、stead of honesty. Last but not least, some government officials are not doing their jobs.,Harmfulness of Fake Commodities,The harmfulness of fake commodities has become more than obvious at the moment. First of all, The consumers are the direct victims, they spend money buying unqualified and even u

21、seless products. In the second place, the authentic producers also suffer great loss. Thirdly, fake commodities may even be dangerous sometimes, such as fake food and medicine, which are a threat to peoples health. Consequently, it is high time that we made great efforts to put an end to fake commod

22、ities.,观点类对立观点,My View on Opportunity 1 有的人认为机会是极少的，另一些人则认为人人都会有某种机会。 2 我的看法 3 结论,My View on Opportunity,When it comes to opportunity, peoples opinions differ. Some people think that there are few opportunities in the world, while others argue that everybody will have some kind of opportunity along

23、his life route.,As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion. For one thing, I firmly believe opportunities are everywhere around us. No person will be unlucky enough to have no opportunities all the time, because every dog has his day”. For another, since opportunities are transient, w

24、e have to make good preparations and improve ourselves. Just think of Newton, who discovered the Law of Gravitation when many people had watched an apple falling ahead of them.,From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably draw the conclusion that there are quite a few opportunities around u

25、s. Only if we get prepared can we seize the opportunities instead of letting them slip by, just as an old saying goes, opportunities are only for the prepared minds”.,办法类(个人问题),How to Succeed in a Job Interview 1 面试在求职过程中的作用 2 取得面试成功的因素：仪表、举止谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是,How to Succeed in a Job Interview,A job

26、 interview is vital to the job-hunting process in that if you are successful in it, you stand a good chance of final obtaining the ideal job. Then how can we succeed in job interview? In the first place, you should dress and behave properly in order to leave a good first impression on the interviewe

27、r. In the second place, when it comes to talking, you should speak of your expertise and special abilities clearly and honestly. Whats more, self-confidence is also an important factor, telling the interviewer that you will face the challenge whenever you encounter difficulties. You will succeed in

28、a job interview as long as you put the above principles into practice. As a result, you will probably obtain the job you have been dreaming of.,提问类,Should College Marriage be permitted? 1 关于是否允许大学生结婚的讨论在校园里兴起。 2 我对这一现象的看法。,A national debate has sprung up on whether college marriage should be permitt

29、ed. Many people strongly oppose the permission of college marriage. They hold that the chief task for college students is to study, and marriage will distract their attention and occupy a lot of time. Moreover, students are not economically independent, so marriage will cause a lot of problems such

30、as future job hunting and housing. In a word, they believe marriage will largely hinder both present study and future work. From my perspective, I think college marriage should be permitted but be practiced with extreme care. For one thing, the right of college students should be respected, as they

31、are adults. For another, the restriction on the age of students was done away with in 2001, and many elder students attend universities. Last but not the least, the time in college is so precious that every student will think twice before they get married. Undoubtedly, few students will ever get mar

32、ried after college marriage is permitted, but the authority should grant them the right.,Should College Marriage be permitted?,观点类事物性质,My View on Double BA Degree 1 现在大学生读双学位的现象很常见 2 我对这一现象的看法,My View on Double BA Degree,Recently it has become a common phenomenon for college students to have two maj

33、ors at the same time. In this way, they can get double BA degrees when they graduate from the university several years later.,Although it may bring unfavorable consequences, we can be sure to conclude that this practice is favorable on the whole. To begin with, most students will become more hardwor

34、king and efficient in order to finish the learning tasks satisfactorily. Moreover, with two degrees at hand after graduation, they will stand a better chance in the job market full of fierce competition. In the third place, as for todays university students, tuition and fees are becoming more and mo

35、re expensive. If they can make achievements in study at school and find a satisfactory job afterwards, it will not be a big problem.,Weighing the pros and cons of such a new trend, we can naturally arrive at the conclusion that it is beneficial and rewarding. This system not only compels students to

36、 work hard, but also prepares them for the coming competition.,认为，主张,argue, maintain, hold, believe,考虑,takeinto consideration, consider, think over, reflect on,认为，思考，考虑,think,下结论，断定,come to the conclusion, arrive at the conclusion, conclude, decide, assert,断定,judge,获得,acquire, obtain, attain, reap,赢

37、得，取得,earn, gain,得到,get,支持，赞成,approve of, in favor of, stand by ones side, agree with,提倡,advocate, recommend,支持,support,利弊子类,The Golden Week 1 黄金周给大学生带来的好处 2 黄金周给大学生带来的弊端 3 我应当怎样过好黄金周,The Golden Week,The golden weekNational Day holidayhas brought a lot of benefits to college students ever since the b

38、eginning. First, it gives students time to take a rest after months of hard work. Second, they can conduct social activities to combine book knowledge with practice. Third, they can also use this precious week to make progress in study or carry out specialized research.,Though it does good to colleg

39、e students in many ways, the golden week can never to be said to bring no problems. For one thing, many students eat and sleep too much during the vacation, which are harmful to their health. For another, quite a few students spend too much time playing video games or going sightseeing. How can they

40、 make progress in their study if they do not cherish time at all?,In order to make good use of the golden week, I form the habit of making a concrete plan before it comes. On the one hand, I always set aside enough time for reviewing lessons and reading relevant literature. On the other hand, I usua

41、lly go to watch a movie and listen to a concert at the Grand Opera. By carefully planning my time, I am confident to spend a meaningful golden week.,反对,oppose, object to,抵制,resist,反对,say no to,意义深远的,far-reaching, profound, significant,重要的,important,充分运用,optimize, make best / full use of,使用,employ, u

42、tilize,使用,use,好处，优点,advantage, merit, benefit,坏处，缺点,disadvantage, defect, flaw, drawback, deficiency,好处,good side,重要的，有 决定性的,vital, crucial, critical, decisive,应用,apply,坏处,bad side,批驳类,My View on Teenagers Studying Abroad 1 现在有很多青少年出国留学 2 有些人认为这种做法是有益的 3 我认为这种观点是不对的,My View on Teenagers Studying Abr

43、oad,Recently it seems that among the students who choose to study abroad, there are more and more teenagers who study in high schools or even elementary schools. Many people, especially the parents, think it will certainly do good to their children because the independent life will make them learn c

44、onfidence and perseverance. Moreover, the quality of overseas education is often higher, thus the child stands a better chance of entering a better university and getting a better job in the future.,After careful consideration, I have to say the above view is more than biased. On the one hand, early

45、 independent life is not necessarily good, if the child cannot receive proper guidance and tender care from both teachers and parents. On the other hand, the educational quality is also a question too many foreign schools aim at earning money. When the children come back, who can guarantee that they

46、 can adapt to the fierce competition here?,We can see clearly that although teenagers studying abroad may bring favorable results, there are still a lot to worry about. It seems necessary for young students to make a careful investigation before going abroad.,把看做，当做,regard as, consider as, look onas

47、, treatas, viewas,把看做，当做,seeas,全面的，彻底的,utter, thorough,完全的,complete,起作用,解释,难以置信的，惊人的,play a role, perform, function, serve, play a part,解释,explain,account for, illustrate, clarify,fantastic, incredible, unbelievable, exceptional, extraordinary, marvelous, amazing, astonishing,起作用,work,惊人的，极好的,great,

48、 surprising,勤奋的，勤勉的,diligent, industrious,勤奋的,hardworking,认真的，谨慎的,conscientious, cautious,认真的,careful, serious,冷静的，清醒地,sober, reasonable, sensible, rational,聪明的,bright, intelligent, wise, brilliant,平静的,calm,适应,be adapted to, be accustomed to, be adjusted to,集中精力于,focus on, center on, concentrate on,

49、聪明的,clever,适应,be used to,专心于,set ones mind on,注意,Pay ones attention to,常用句式和常用表达,列举：for one thing, for another, finally, besides, moreover, oneanother, still another, first, second, then, also, to begin with, first of all, in the first place, last, next, above all, last but not the least, first and

50、most important 举例：for example, for instance, one example is, besides, moreover, furthermore, in addition, a case in point, that is, incidentally, as an illustration, such as, in fact, in general, in particular, to illustrate, namely 定义：refer to, call, mean,比较 a.相似的比较：likewise, in comparison, similar

51、ly, in the same manner b.相反的比较：on the other hand, conversely, on the contrary, whereas, , instead, in contrast, nevertheless, compared with 表示时间：later, next, then, finally, at last, eventually, meanwhile, from now on, at the same time, for the time being, in the end, immediately, in the meanwhile /

52、meantime, recently, soon, now and then, during, nowadays, since, lately, as soon as, afterwards, temporarily, earlier, after a while, now,表示方位和顺序：before, behind, below, beneath, between, here, there, where, beyond, nearby, under, above, over, on the right (left), in (the) front of, at the back of, i

53、n the middle of, at the bottom of, opposite to, next to 表示概要和结论：in a word, in short, in brief, to sum up, on the whole, by and large, all in all, so far, therefore, thus, in summary, in conclusion, to conclude, to summarize, to end with,列出解决办法的常用句式,Here are some suggestions for handling that The bes

54、t way to solve the trouble is People have figured out many ways to solve this problem.,提出建议的常用句式,It is high time that we put an end to the (trend). It is time to take the advice ofand to put special emphasis on the improvement of There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of O

55、bviously, if we want to do sth, it is essential that Only in this way can we It must be realized that ,用于驳斥的语句,1. Although a lot of people believe that ., I am doubtful whether the argument bears 2. As opposed to widely held ideas, I hold that . 3. Although the popular is that ., (a) current indicat

56、es that . 4. They may be right about ., but they seem to ignore the fact that . 5. Although it is widely accepted that ., it is unlikely to be true that . 6. It is true that ., but that . 7. There is/are reason(s) for us to believe that . 8. What these people fail to see is that . 9. It is one thing

57、 to believe that ., but it is quite another to say that .,批驳错误观点和做法 常用句式,As far as sth is concerned, It was obvious that It may be true that, but it doesnt mean that It is natural to believe that, but we shouldnt ignore that There is no evidence to suggest that,如何写好英语说明文？,审题 （what, to whom, how, etc

58、.） 开好头 写好主题句 注意行文的统一性和连贯性 注意说明方法的选择（eg.: 举例法、过程分析法、分类法、因果分析法、比较法、细节法，etc.） 注意说明顺序 （eg.: 空间顺序、时间顺序、逻辑顺序、认识顺序，etc.） 结尾（重述主题而非重复主题；简短自然，避免介入新的话题）,Fast Food Restaurant,1. 快餐馆简介 2.去快餐馆的好处 3.快餐馆的发展趋势,Fast Food Restaurant,If you are too busy or too tired to cook, please go to the fast food restaurant where

59、 various kinds of ready-made food are served. Some serve fish or chicken, some serve sandwiches or salad, and some also serve drinks, coffee, and so on.,Fast food restaurants are very convenient. You just go there, order your food, wait only for a few minutes, then when the food is ready, you carry it to your table yourselves. you can either eat it in the restaurant or take the food out in a plastic container and eat it at home, in your office, in a park, or anywhere you like.,Nowadays, fast food restaurants