2.+汉英词汇比较与翻译.ppt

1、汉英词汇比较与翻译,一、翻译中的选义,根据词典释义选择合适的词义 根据语境选择合适的词义 例1：“好”的译法 好的开始是成功的一半。 Well begun, half done. 他身体很好。 He is very well. (or He is in the pink of health.) 邻居对她都很好。 Her neighbors are all very kind to her. 这我们好解决。 The problem can be easily solved.,计划订好了。 The plan has been drawn up. 好，今天到此为止。 Well, let us cal

2、l it a day. 你好。 How do you do?( or Hello!) 你留个电话，有事好跟你联系。 Give me your telephone number so that I can contact you when necessary. 今天下午好几个人找你。 Quite a few people came in looking for you this afternoon. 今天好热。 How hot it is today! 电影要放好长时间？ How long will the film last?,例2：“轻巧”的译法,这摩托车很轻巧。 The motorcycl

3、e is light and handy. 她动作很轻巧。 She is nimble in movement. 你说得倒轻巧，你也给我捧个奖杯回来。 You talk as if it were just a walkover. Why not try yourself and see if you can bring back a trophy, too?,例3：“考察”的译法,中国明朝的著名旅行家徐霞客一生周游考察了16个省，足迹几乎遍布全国。 In his lifetime, Xu Xiake, a great traveler in Chinas Ming Dynasty, tour

4、ed 16 provinces, leaving his footmarks in nearly every corner of the country. 为了进行真实、细致的考察，他很少乘船、坐车。 In order to get a detailed and truthful picture of the places he visited, he usually travelled on foot even when carriages and boats were available. 他总是选择道路艰险的山区、人迹罕至的森林进行考察。 He always preferred to v

5、enture into mountainous areas with rough tracks, and into forests seldom visited by human beings.,例4：“意思”,甲：这一点小意思，请务必收下。 乙：你这个人真是有意思，怎么也来这一套？ 甲：唉，只是意思意思。 乙：啊，真是不好意思。 A: This is a little gift as a token of以表示 my appreciation. Please do take it. B: Oh, arent you a bit too polite? You should not do th

6、at. A: Well, it just conveys my gratitude. B: Ah, thank you then, though I really do not deserve it.,3.根据搭配选择合适的词义,身体好，学习好，工作好。 Keep fit, study hard and work hard. 化 经济法制化: manage economic affairs within a framework 经济全球化: economic globalization 社会知识化: build a knowledge-driven society 国际关系民主化: the p

7、ractice of democracy in international relations 国民经济信息化: build an information-based national economy 科研成果产业化: apply scientific research results to industrial production,4. 跳出字面选择合乎逻辑的词义 胆小如鼠: as timid as a rat/rabbit 落汤鸡: a drowned rat 养虎为患: to cherish a snake in ones bosom 瓮中捉鳖: like a rat in the h

8、ole 如鱼得水: like a duck to water 愚蠢如猪: as stupid as a goose 犟得像头牛: as stubborn as a donkey/mule 像热锅上的蚂蚁： Like a hen on a hot girdle,翻译练习,译出下列词语，注意词语的不同搭配,一窝蜜蜂 一窝小鸡 一窝幼犬,一群美女 一群猎狗 一群鸭 一群羚羊,积极支持 积极地财政政策 积极利用国外资源,打电话 打的 打毛衣 打水 打篮球 打农药,基本工资 基本建设 基本物质 基本工业 基本利益,翻译以下句子，注意划线词语的理解。,两位领导就双边关系及共同关心的问题交换了意见。 党员应

9、该虚心倾听群众的意见。 他们对这项计划提出了修改的意见。 大家对这一做法很有意见。 他们在会上闹起了意见。 你应该听从医生的意见。 他们就此问题取得了一致的意见。 还有些未完成的事要处理。 我们就这件事请教过他。 请回去吧，这里没你的事了。,一窝蜜蜂 一窝小鸡 一窝幼犬 一群美女 一群猎狗 一群鸭 一群羚羊,A swarm of bees A brood of chickens A litter of pups A bevy of beautiful ladies A pack of hounds A team of ducks A herd of antelopes,翻译练习,积极支持: u

10、nfailing support 积极的财政政策: proactive fiscal policy 积极利用国外资源: make effective use of overseas resources,基本工资:basic wage 基本建设:capital construction 基本物质:essential commodity 基本工业:primary industry 基本利益:fundamental interest,打电话 打的 打毛衣 打水 打篮球 打农药,make a phone call take a taxi knit a woolen sweater fetch wate

11、r play basketball spray insecticide,两位领导就双边关系及共同关心的问题交换了意见。 The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern. 党员应该虚心倾听群众意见。 Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public. 他们对这项计划提出了修改意见。 They offered some suggestions for the revision o

12、f the plan. 大家对这一做法很有意见。 Everyone complained against such a practice. 他们在会上闹起了意见。 They had a dispute at the meeting. 你应该听从医生的意见。 You should follow the doctors advice. 他们就此问题取得了一致的意见。 They reached a consensus on this issue.,还有些未完成的事要处理。 There is still some unfinished business to settle. 我们就这件事请教过他。 W

13、e have consulted him about the matter. 请回去吧，这里没你的事了。 Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now.,二、翻译中的选词,1.根据语义范围选词 总之，几年的实践表明，我们搞改革、开放的路子是对了。 Of course, our achievements in the last few years have proved the correctness of our policies of reform and opening to the outside world. 中国应该用时间向

14、世界表明，中国反对霸权主义、强权政治，永不称霸。 China should show the world through its actions that she is opposed to hegemonism and power politics and will never seek hegemony. 这是中国从几十年建设中得出的经验。 That is what we have learnt from decades of development.,2.从近义词中选词 生气发怒: angry表示一般生气, irate表示怒形于色, indignant表示义愤, wrathful表示盛怒

15、, enraged表示狂怒, infuriated表示因愤恨而愤怒之意, incensed则有激怒之意。 打破：break最一般、最通用的词语, 意思是经打击或施压而破碎；crack出现了裂缝，但还没有变成碎片； crush从外面用力往内或从上往下而致碎； demolish破坏或铲平（如土堆、建筑物、城堡等）； destroy完全摧毁，使之无法复原； shatter突然使一物体粉碎；smash由于突如其来的一阵暴力带一声响而彻底粉碎。,3.根据搭配选词 Empty: house, room, cup, box, stomach, head, words表示“空的，一无所有的” Vacant:

16、position, room, house, seat表示“没有人占有的；空缺的” Hollow: tree, voice, sound, cheeks表示“空洞的，虚的；不实的；下陷的” Blank: look, mind, page, check表示“空白的，无表情的，无思想的”,汉译英时，要注意动词和宾语的搭配：,进行社会主义革命 进行一场激烈的争论 进行实地调查 进行亲切的谈话 进行侵略 进行协商 进行核试验,to carry out socialist revolution to carry on a spirited debate to make an on-the-spot in

17、vestigation to have a cordial conversation to commit aggression to hold consultation with to conduct a nuclear test,也要注意定语和中心语的搭配,大城市 大雨 大志 大人物 大道理,a big city a heavy rain a high aim an important person general principle,还需要根据上下文进行灵活调整，避免死译,他说英语。 他说谎。 他说他很忙。 我说不好。 这可说不得。 别胡说八道！,He speaks English. He

18、s telling a lie. He says he is busy. Im unable to express. It must not be mentioned. Be reasonable!,4.根据褒贬选词,著名的 famous, notorious 政治家 statesman, politician 宣传 publicity, propaganda,逝世 与世长辞 寿终 断气 归西天 了结尘缘 命归黄泉 见阎王 翘辫子 蹬腿,To expire To pass away To close/end ones day To breathe ones last To go west To

19、 pay the debt of nature To depart to the world of shadows To give up the ghost To kick the bucket To kick up ones heels,他们讲索取，我们讲奉献 They preach taking from others, whereas we advocate giving to others. 她追求的是真理，而他追求的是荣华富贵 What she seeks is truth, and what he hankers after is nothing but high position

20、 and great wealth. 在整个改革开放过程中都要反对腐败。 During the entire process of reform and opening, we must persistently oppose corruption. Throughout the process of reform and opening, we must combat corruption. 其实中年人是人生盛华的开始，不应贪婪，不应享受。 In actual fact, middle age represents the prime of ones life, allowing no in

21、dolence, no self-indulgence.,5. 根据语篇分析选择合适的词语,我不断参阅论述那些问题的著作。 I have constantly referred to works dealing with those subjects. 那台机床出问题了。 Something has gone wrong with that lathe. 一路上没出什么问题。 The trip went off without mishap. 你会听到到处都在讨论这个问题。 Youll find the topic being discussed everywhere.,翻译练习,那要看情况如

22、何。 这种情况必须改变。 他们的情况怎么样？ 他把全部的书籍都献给了图书馆。 教师应当献身于教育事业。 该委员会由15人组成。 空气由多种气体组成。 严格训练，严格要求。,开船 开盘 开春 开工,上当 上进 上宾 上班,翻译下列各句，注意汉语中词汇的词义范围,连续下了三天大雨。 他爱说大话。 他们在给教室大扫除。 像他这样的人大有人在。 根据你的建议，我们应该办大厂了。 如果你那样干，你大错特错了。,那要看情况如何。 这种情况必须改变。 他们的情况怎么样？ 他把全部的书籍都献给了图书馆。 教师应当献身于教育事业。 该委员会由15人组成。 空气由多种气体组成。 严格训练，严格要求。,That d

23、epends upon circumstances. This state of affairs must be changed. How do matters stand with them? He presents all his books to the library. A teacher should devote himself to the cause of education. The committee consists of 15 members. Air is made up of a mixture of gases. Go in for rigorous traini

24、ng and set strict demand.,开船 开盘 开春 开工,上当 上进 上宾 上班,set sail open quotation the beginning of spring go into operation,be taken in make progress distinguished guests be on duty,连续下了三天大雨。 It rained cats and dogs (hard/heavily) three days on end ( in succession/running). 他爱说大话。 He likes talking big (talk

25、ing large/talking horse/talking tall) he likes saying big words ( large words). 他们在给教室大扫除。 They are giving the classroom a good (general/spring/through) clean(ing). 像他这样的人大有人在。 A person like him is by no means (in no way/ on no account/ never/not absolutely) rare. 根据你的建议，我们应该办大厂了。 We should go in fo

26、r industry in a big way in accordance with your suggestion. 如果你那样干，你大错特错了。 If you do it like that, youll be completely (gravely/seriously) mistaken (be absolutely wrong/ make a big mistake/ make a major blunder/ commit a very gross error).,三、翻译中的多样性,汉语词语翻译的多样性,不同的文体所用的语言是不同的。政治性文章与科技文章不同，新闻报道与文学作品不同

27、，写的文章和嘴上讲话不同。 The language varies from genre to genre: a political essay differs from technical writing, a newsreport is not the same as a literary work, and a written article is quite different from oral speech.,2. 汉语成语翻译的多样性,安居乐业是老百姓的共同愿望。 It is the common desire of the people to live in peace and

28、 contentment. 希望我全体人民，一律安居乐业，切勿轻信谣言，自相惊扰。 It is hoped that the people throughout the country will live and work in peace and will not give credence to rumors or raise false alarm.,德才兼备,Have both practical efficiency and moral excellence Have both intellect and character To both well-trained to do things and well disposed to do good Be both gifted and righteous-minded Be both talented and high-minded Be a man of ability and probity Have