The_Palace_Museum------故宫的英文介绍_导游必备.ppt

1、The Palace Museum,The Forbidden City,良好开端,自我介绍： self-introduction 引入正题：the moive” the last emperor”,Olympic games 细致观察： 来自哪里（是否母语、英美或其他）、 参观理由（公差旅游、自助旅游、团体旅游） 背景知识（对中国、北京了解多少）,概况要点,按照由古到今、由大到小的顺序介绍： A.历史沿革 B.建筑布局 C.馆藏精品,General introduction,It covers 720,000 square meters. =180 acres More than 8700

2、rooms(埋下伏笔) Layout is symmetrical, balance. Inner court and Outer court,materials,The red earth, Shandong. The clear mud tiles, Linqing, Shandong. The building stones, Fangshan county, Beijing. The glazed tiles, Liulichang, Beijing The golden bricks, Suzhou,Song River. The colored stone, Quyang, Heb

3、ei A hundred million tiles were used: twenty million floor tiles used to cover the courtyards, eighty million used to build the city walls, palace walls and steps.,Building personnel,Came from all over the country: a total of 100,000 skilled craftsmen and a million laborers.,General introduction,Why

4、 is it called the Forbidden City? How many rooms are there in the Forbidden City? How many people lived in the Forbidden City? When did the people construct the Forbidden City?,Meridian Gate Wu Men,Meridian Gate Wu Men,Five-Phoenix Tower 五凤楼 In the shape of the character“凹”（the letter ”U”）造型 It has

5、three gateways 门洞走法 Issue the new calendar and present the captives 颁朔大典和献俘礼 Install the bells and drums 鼓乐齐鸣 Punish the officials who offended the emperor 廷杖 In 2001, Pavarotti joined hands with other two top tenors Placido Domingo and Jose Carreras to stage a performance in the Forbidden City to s

6、upport Beijings bidding for the 2008 Olympic Games. 三高演唱会,Golden Water River,Imperial bridge(御路桥): emperor only Emperor Bridges(王公桥): dukes and princes Side Bridges(品级桥): ministers and high officials,Five Constant Virtues五常,Confucianism: (仁) benevolence (义) personal loyalty (礼) courtesy or politenes

7、s or propriety (智) wisdom (信) faith or honor,three main functions,The first function is to drain. The second function is to turn off fire. The third function is to decorate environment.,The Bronze Lions,A pair of bronze lions,In Buddhist doctrine, lion is the guardian. It is said that the amount of

8、the mane curls could tell a lion statues status. One is male, and the other is female. How to distinguish？ 常见问题：在古代中国有真的狮子吗？ 西域狮（印度狮、亚洲狮 Panthera leo persica）,Gate of Supreme Harmony,要点,概况详介：整体布局、藏品等 太和门功能：morning court Handle the state affairs Give audience Receive the ministers and officials 两庑：Tr

9、anslation bureau,Hall of Supreme Harmony,讲解顺序,在太和门上由远及近：太和殿、太和广场 在广场内先左右后中央：东西庑房、广场中央 须弥座上由外及内、由低及高：香炉、龟鹤、日晷、嘉量、角兽、鸱吻、 太和殿前先中间后上下：宝座、盘龙柱、太平有象、甪端、屏风、轩辕镜、匾额、金砖等,趣味故事和文化知识,溥仪登基的历史和故事 袁世凯篡位的典故 古代人的阴阳五行风水知识 帝王天人合一的思想,The biggest square,Silver storage of the Qing：弘义阁 Library of the Qing: 体仁阁 More warehous

10、es：仓库 There is no trees in the square：reasons Marble terrace，balustrade and gargoyles:三台，栏杆和龙头水滴,The Bronze Turtles and Cranes,Longevity,Incense burners,Sundial and standard measurement,Spring Equinox 春分 Autumn Equinox 秋分 gnomons 指针,The ornaments at the corner of the tiles,龙、凤、狮、天马、海马、狻猊、押鱼、獬豸、斗牛、行什

11、 Beautiful ornaments: dragon, phoenix, lion, horse, sea horse and so on. Big nails: to fix the tiles The symbol of rank： the more the number is, the higher the rank is.,Yin and yang阴阳,While yin would be dark, passive, downward, cold, contracting, and weak, yang would be bright, active, upward, hot,

12、expanding, and strong. 数字： 奇数odd-number 偶数even-number Door nails: nine by nine,The structure,Eleven bays wide and five bays deep: 九五之尊 72 pine pillars: 6 gold-leaf pillars55 rooms四柱一间法 Double eaves and slanted roof：重檐庑殿顶,The throne (dragon chair),throne,Its high position signifies the emperors uncha

13、llenged supremacy. The design of the throne adopts the most luxurious style: it is coated in golden lacquer; the back is entwined with thirteen gold dragons; designs of flaming pearls, clouds, and scrolling grass are carved in relief on the rest of the throne. Gold foil covers the entire throne whic

14、h is inlaid with rubies and sapphires.,Hall of Supreme Harmony,The furniture and ground,Luduan: a legendary beast could travel 9000 kilometers one day and speak all foreign languages in the world.甪端 Elephant with vases on its back:太平有象（homonymous，同音异义的） Incense burners：香炉 Screen:屏风 gilded Golden bri

15、cks:金砖墁地,Golden bricks (golden tiles),They were produced in Suzhou and the production process was very complicated. First, soil of the best quality was selected. The burning and refinement process took 130days. After leaving the kiln, the tiles were polished in a pit. Before the tiles were laid, the

16、y had to be submerged in tung oil so that they looked lubricated and shiny. These tiles were very expensive to make, and when rapped produced a melodious sound like metal. Hence, they were known as “golden tiles”.,Caisson ceiling,Xuanyuan mirror 天圆地方中八卦,Some stories,The last emperor ascended his thr

17、one. play the cricket and cry The General Yuan Shikai supplanted the last emperor and held his enthronement ceremony. 挪动宝座,Bronze pot (门海),308 Bronze and copper vats Fire-Hydrant Prevent water from freezing in winter,Hall of Central Harmony,Hall of Central Harmony,讲解要点和顺序： 建筑外形 主要功能 内部陈设 文化意义,Lobby

18、Present the family tree：呈递家谱 Moderate :中庸之道,Hall of Preserved Harmony,The palace examination,4 levels: county level; provincial level; national level; palace examination Contents: the Confuciuss classical books The way to choose new civil officials Top three scholars,The names of the three front hal

19、ls,太和：“harmonious operation of all things on earth.” 易经 中和：“When we handle matters properly and harmoniously without leaning to either side, all things on earth will flourish.” 礼记 保和： “maintaining harmony between all things on earth to have a long period of peace and stability.”易经,White pagoda,Coal

20、Hill,The last Ming Emperor had hung himself on that hill. 44.6m high, the highest point. Keep coffin.,The largest stone carving,Material and resource:房山，艾叶青 Design: nine dragons, clouds ,sea waves and cliffs. Carved two times：乾隆年间重新雕刻 How to move this huge stone?挖井结冰,Gate of Heavenly Purity,Morning

21、court,Handle the state affairs Give audience Receive the ministers and officials Issue the decree First gate leading to the inner court 门前广场为分界线,乾清宫东西两庑讲解要点,西侧：used to store books and historical documents(懋勤殿) 东侧： providing tea, water, snacks and fruits(御茶房 imperial tearoom) Store crowns and hats(端凝

22、殿) Store clocks and incense（鸣钟处chiming clock office） The head office of the imperial physicians on duty(御药房the imperial pharmacy),Palace of Heavenly Purity,EmperorsOffice and bedroom,Daily work and daily life Receive the envoys and ambassadors Held mourning ceremony Keep the books The thousand-senio

23、r Banquet Bedrooms:壬寅宫变 assassinating Choose the heir:秘密建储,an internal plot,Jiajings ruthlessness also led to an internal plot by his concubines to assassinate him in October, 1542 by strangling him while he slept. A group of palace girls who had had enough of Jiajings cruelty decided to band togeth

24、er to murder the emperor. The lead palace girl tried to strangle the emperor with ribbons from her hair while the others held down the emperors arms and legs but made a fatal mistake by tying a knot around the emperors neck which would not tighten. Meanwhile some of the young girls involved began to

25、 panic and one ran to the empress. The plot was exposed. All of the girls involved, including the emperors favorite concubine, were summarily executed on the orders of the empress.,Hall of Union and Peace,Chiming clock大自鸣钟 made in china Water clock铜壶滴漏 25 imperial seals The inscription：无为,Hall of Ea

26、rthly Tranquility,sacrificial shrine,Shaman/Shamanism The rooms enshrined statues of Sakyamuni, the Goddess of Mercy, Lord Guan and other Mongolian gods.,Wedding room,Nuptial room: bride, groom Rising sun and waxing moon: 日升月恒 fertility：Mattress, quilt, carpets, 尚武风俗: knife,Imperial Garden Pavilions

27、, terrace, shrine, rocks, ball, plants.,Plants (category, age) Pine and cypress:B100-300;A300-500 Couple tree (love story), jujube, bamboo, Peony, lotus, lily, chrysanthemum, winter jasmine.,Shrine, temple, altar,The Taoist deities： Compass:青龙、白虎、朱雀、玄武； Memory tablet of the emperor: 同治帝牌位 The lord o

28、f Guan Yu：护国神关羽牌位,pavilion,Heaven is round and earth is square Mortise and Dove-tailing, blocks,Five element theory,Rocks,Sea-cucumber, sea-star海参石 Petrified wood木变石 Big deeper诸葛拜北斗石 Taihu rocks堆秀山：slim， wrinkled, elegance, ugly, transparent 瘦，透，漏，丑，皱，秀 Zodiac animals: 12生肖 Chinese Valentines Day：七夕

29、,Empress and Concubine,How did the emperor choose the concubines? How many wives did the emperor have? Whats the concubines real life? Whats the empress dowager? the selection and certification of concubines, health, leisure, costumes, accessories, and the all-important registers of appointments wit

30、h the emperor,Empress and concubine,Empress 3 Imperial honorable concubine 5 Imperial concubine 5 Concubine 6 Concubine in ordinary 6 honorable lady 12 Lady-in-waiting 4 Responder In total 41,Servants,Palace maid：宫女 Eunuch: 太监 Why did the emperor use the eunuchs as the servants? Bodyguard:护卫 Did all

31、 the bodyguards live in the Forbidden City?,Concubines living palaces,门槛：Threshold 四合院: quadrangles 走廊: corridor,Furniture and utensils,Sandalwood partition Rosewood table and chair Ivory cosmetic box and boats Red coral Enamel Bonsai Ceramics:,The last emperor,His autobiography: “From emperor to ci

32、tizen” His English teacher The events about him,The empress dowager Ci Xi,Her stories Her daily life: wasteful and extravagant Skimming, powerful lady The events about her,Hall of Mental Cultivation,A day in the emperors life,5 am. Wake up,having a wash and getting dressed. Take a nourishing snack,

33、likes “birdsnest”. Then he will read history. 7am.or 6am. Take breakfast formally. Starting his administrative work. Early court, give audience to the reporting officials. 1to3 pm. Have dinner, time for relaxation. In the evening, have some light supper.,Held court behind a curtain,Puppet emperor Th

34、e last empress dowager issued the decree and the Qing Dynasty was over,珍宝,金：gold；金箔gold-leaf 银：Silver 铜：青铜bronze；黄铜 copper 铁：Iron 花梨木：Rosewood 紫檀木：Sandalwood 红松：Korean pine 沉香：Aloe wood 珍珠：Pearl 琥珀：Amber 珊瑚：Coral 玳瑁：Hawksbill turtle 象牙ivory,玉石：Jade 翡翠：Jadeite 玛瑙：Agate 碧玺：Tourmaline 水晶：Crystal 金刚石：Di

35、amond 红宝石：Ruby 蓝宝石：Sapphire 祖母绿：Emerald 孔雀石：Malachite 绿松石：Turquoise 蛋白石：Opal 青金石：Lapis lazuli 珐琅：Cloisonn/enamel 陶器：Pottery 瓷器：Porcelain/china 陶瓷器：Ceramics,Chinese jade culture,Chinese jade ware has a long history with its superb texture, exquisite craftsmanship, variety of forms, wide usage, soft c

36、olor and luster. It bears strong national characteristics and distinctive features and forms a special school out of the worlds jade carving art. In the long process of its development has close relations with Chinese history and has been endowed with political, moral and ritual contents, helping th

37、e superb material nature of the jade ware and its profound spiritual factors merge into an organic whole. It shows out the thread of the development of the crafts, artistic attainments and features of the times in the past five to six thousand years.,The biggest theater,Peking opera,The colors of Pe

38、king opera face patterns脸谱颜色 Different colors can also distinguish nobility from the common folk, goodness from evil or loyalty from treachery. 红色:：Red is the color of loyalty, integrity and courage. 白色：White reveals a crafty and suspicious character. 黑色：Black suggests a serious and taciturn disposi

39、tion, including strength and roughness. 黄色：Yellow represents intelligence and calculation or bravery when used in warrior roles. 紫色：Purple is the symbol of solemnity, serenity and a sense of justice. 蓝色：Blue shows uprightness and stubbornness. 绿色：Green indicates bravery and irascibility. 金色和银色：Gold

40、and silver are sometimes used on the faces of immortals, demons and monsters.,Nine-dragon screen,Watch tower,Questions 1,Why did the people use the yellow roofs and red walls? Why are there so many thresholds in the Forbidden City? Why are there so many bats in the concubines palace? Why are there l

41、ots of fires? (accident) What is the significance of the number of the gate?,Questions 2,Whats the material of the roof? Where were the toilets (bathrooms)? Where did the gold and silver come from? Where did the water come from? How did the people keep warm in the winter? How did the emperor solve the food problem? Are the glasses original?,Questions 3,Where did the emperor li