《Simplorer7教程》课件

1、Simplorer7教程,Ansoft Corporation ,Simplorer V7Basic Training 1st Day,Simplorer7教程,2,1st Day Content,System structure and background Circuit Simulation Examples #1, #2 Block Diagram Simulation Example #3 State Machine Simulation Example #4, 4a, 5, 6, 7 Overview of Additional Libraries Automotive, Mech

2、sim, Power, IST-Library Additional Information - AC-Analysis - VHDL-AMS - C-Interface - Matlab-Simulink-Interface,Simplorer7教程,3,Power ,R1,TR1,cs := AS1,Gain,Gain,NEG,NEG1,SUM,TR1.I,RefVal,Different way for data to flow in Simplorer,Schematic,State Machine,Block Diagram,Resistance,Control signal,Cur

3、rent,Simplorer7教程,22,Naming Conventions,Circuit Simulator - Passive Components,Read Only,Read and Write,Symbol,Component Name,R_SHUNT.I,current of the component,R_SHUNT.dI,1st derivative of of the current,R_SHUNT.V,voltage of the component,R_SHUNT.dV,1st derivative of of the voltage,C_LINK.C,value o

4、f the component,C_LINK.VO,initial voltage value,C_LINK.Q,charge of a capacitance,L_LOAD.PSI,flux linkage of inductor,R_SHUNT.R,resistance,Simplorer7教程,23,Component Specific Parameter Dialogs,Blue color for output Red color for parameters Brown for bi-directional,Voltage Source,Simplorer7教程,24,Naming

5、 Conventions - Blocks,Integ.VALValue of the Block Output Signal Integ.KIIntegral Gain Integ.Y0Initial Output Value Integ.ULUpper Limit (0 = no limit) Integ.LLLower Limit (0 = no limit) Integ.TSSampling Time,I,Integ,Block Name,Simplorer7教程,25,Naming Conventions State Machine,State Machine Simulator /

6、 Expression Evaluator,OFF,State name,RefVal,Name of a variable, carries a quantity, executed when state is active depending on type of action (STEP, SET, .),Activity situation of a state Delivers 0, if the state is inactive Delivers 1, if the state is active,RefVal:=A*sin(2*PI*freq*t),OFF.ST,Simplor

7、er7教程,26,Reserved Internal Variables,TEND , HMIN , HMAX , THETA , FSTART , FEND,F , T , H , PI , TRUE , FALSE , SECM.ITERAT , FSTEP,Simulation End Time,Minimum Time Step,Maximum Time Step,Ambient Temperature,Start Frequency,End Frequency,Current Frequency,Current Time Step,Mathematical,Logical,Curre

8、nt # of Iterations,Frequency Step Size,Current Time,Simplorer7教程,27,User Management,User Name,Load the last opened project,Start new Project or Schematic,All settings for the given user are restored, when SIMPLORER is re-started, if the user does not exist, create a new one,Simplorer7教程,28,Welcome S

9、creen,Create / Open a simulation model / project,Simplorer7教程,29,Project Management,Project Name,Project Description,Project location,CLICK,A project contains all files belonging to a simulation task, such as schematics, results, experiments, etc.,When “Project/New is selected:,Simplorer7教程,30,SSC C

10、ommander Project Management,Application Launcher,Tool Bar,Simulation Queue,List of files associated with the selected application,.ssh .sml .vhd .day .smd .sml .idl .ssh,Simplorer7教程,31,Project Copy,Multiple sheets at different locations could be included in one project. Can copy all files of a proj

11、ect into one directory by: Open the project. Click on project / copy. Browse into the new location and assign a project name. Project will be copied with all of its files into the same directory.,Simplorer7教程,32,Install/remove Libraries,To add one or more libraries, select them in the upper window.,

12、Options -,. and add the selection or all of the libraries in the directory,Dont forget to save your installation!,Libraries can also be inserted or removed in the schematic Libraries can be saved in a common location and shared over a network,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 33 6/28/2005,Install/remove Librarie

13、s,Libraries can also be inserted or removed in the schematic. Right mouse click in the library area. Select insert, new, or remove.,Simplorer7教程,34,Symbols in the Model Agent (library),Results on sheet,Basic components,C-models,Macros,Subsheets,Simplorer7教程,35,Simulator Options / Commander,Compiler

14、or simulator will stop, when a warning occurs,Number of time steps, before active elements or the ViewTool is updated. Increase to save simulation time,Options for storage of the simulator state and usage of saved states,Save the states of all components contained in a simulation model. Can continue

15、 the simulation later from the last state.,Load and use an existing state file automatically at the start of the simulation.,Save the values of energy storage contained in a simulation model. These values could also be used as an initial values for a simulation.,Simplorer7教程,36,Simulator Options / S

16、heet,When simulation data is not available.,When simulation data is available.,Files below are created if above options selected: .KRN generated at the end of the simulation with automatically save state option. .AWS initial value file, contains the values of energy storing components,Simplorer7教程,3

17、7,Numerical Data Conventions,Simplorer7教程,38,Formulas and Expressions,Formulas consist of operands and operators. Operands can be any numerals or names. Operators compare or assign a value. X:=Y+Z; X, Y, and Z are the operands and := and + are the operators.,Simplorer7教程,39,Integration Parameters,Mi

18、nimum and maximum step size settings,Solver,Itermax is the maximum number of iterations for one simulation step.,IEMAX / VEMAX is the maximum current / voltage error,Advanced step mode,Simplorer7教程,40,Basic Rules for Choice of Time Step,Proper choice of minimum and maximum integration step size is v

19、ery important for correct simulation results.,Simplorer7教程,41,Advanced Step Mode,1. Check “Advanced Step Mode“ 2. Number of Equal Steps If 0: Maximal acceleration of the simulation. 3. Step Acceleration Damping % If 0: No damping, maximal acceleration of the simulation For cases of an instable behav

20、ior the parameters under 2. and 3. can be increased.,Simplorer7教程,Section 2 Circuit Simulation,Simplorer7教程,43,SIMPLORER Schematic,Tool Bars,Libraries,Drawing Area,Warnings, Errors and Messages Area,Library Components,Simplorer7教程,44,Circuit Simulator - Algorithms,Modified Nodal Approach: potential

21、at every node, conduction between nodes Euler implicit (slower) and trapezoid integration (faster) algorithms Linear and nonlinear, expression and externally controlled passive components and sources Linear and nonlinear internally controlled sources Variable time step determination with user define

22、d upper (hmax) and lower (hmin) limit,Simplorer7教程,45,Direction Conventions,Note: The red dot characterizes the pin, where the current is considered being positive entering the component.,passive element such as resistance,voltage source,R.V = V(a) - V(b),a,b,a,b,E1.EMF = V(b) - V(a),E1.V = V(a) - V

23、(b),E1.EMF = V(a) - V(b) Spice convention,R,E1,(voltage),(voltage) (EMF),(current),(current),Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 46 6/28/2005,Ground Node,Note: Do not forget the ground node for each separate circuit !,1. Right Mouse Click on the sheet,2. Connect Toolbar,3. Connect Menu,Three ways to add a ground n

24、ode:,Simplorer7教程,47,Electrical Components,Component Symbol,Component Properties,Component Name,Component Parameters & Settings,Electrical Components have ideal connectivity, line resistances, inductance etc. have to be added separately,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 48 6/28/2005,Nonlinear Resistance,The volt

25、age-current relation is defined by a nonlinear characteristic,Drag the resistor into the sheet,Select Nonlinear I=f(v) And click the Characteristic button,Select Reference or Look-up Table,Double click on the resistor to get the property window,Enter the values here,Simplorer7教程,49,Nonlinear Compone

26、nts,The voltage-current relation is defined by an equation,Drag the resistor into the sheet,Double click on the resistor to get the property window,Define the variable that specifies the resistor value. value*10 value is defined elsewhere in the sheet,Change the name of the resistor,Simplorer_Day 1,

27、 pg. 50 6/28/2005,Output and Display Definition,Right mouse click on component and select Properties, Output/Display Show and hide parameters on the component, define outputs,Note: Enable Viewtool under Sheet Properties,To DAY postprocessor,Display Options,To Viewtool,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 51 6/28/20

28、05,How to Define an Output,Right mouse click,The default output quantities already predefined here,Online analog output, displayed in ViewTool or QuickView automatically,File (database) output,Simplorer7教程,52,Voltage Source,Can be a constant, equation, or externally controlled The value of an equati

29、on controlled component is determined from the result of the equation,Simplorer7教程,53,Controlled Voltage Source,Linear or nonlinear Controlled by measured quantity: either voltage or current,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 54 6/28/2005,Switches and Semiconductors,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 55 6/28/2005,Switches and

30、Semiconductors,Ideal switches and semiconductor - system level,Semiconductor - device level,Spice compatible models,Simplorer7教程,56,Other Components / Basic Library,DC motor,3ph motor,1ph transformer,3ph transformer,Simplorer7教程,57,Other Components / Basic Library,Measurement (Electrical),Measuremen

31、t (Fluid),Measurement (Magnetic),Measurement (Mechanical),Measurement (Thermal),Simplorer7教程,58,Other Components / Basic Library,Signal Characteristics,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 59 6/28/2005,Nonlinear Components X-Y-Relation,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 60 6/28/2005,Useful Things Right Mouse Click,Right Mouse Cl

32、ick on an element opens the object menu with most common functions,Right Mouse Click on an area of the tool bar opens the object menu to turn ON or OFF tool bars,Right Mouse Click on an empty area of the sheet opens the sheet object menu with general setting, wiring, etc,Sheet,Toolbar,Component,Fold

33、er,Element,Simplorer7教程,61,Data Reduction,Right mouse click in the sheet,In Result Database tab, Select data reduction,Tool to reduce the size of the output file by reducing the frequency of saving simulation steps Does not impact previously solved projects,Simplorer7教程,62,Graphics and Display Setti

34、ngs,Right mouse click in the sheet and select Outputs / Viewtool to limit data displayed in Viewtool,Set Y-Axis Limits For Display,Display Selected Period Only,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 63 6/28/2005,Page Setup and System Settings,Select Sheet/ Properties/ Page Size,Select Sheet/ Properties/ System,For au

35、tomatic start of Viewtool, check here.,Simplorer7教程,64,Integration Formula,Ideal Oscillator,Euler,Trapezoidal,Select integration method using: Simulation/ Parameters The integration formula influences the result: Trapezoidal is fast but may be instable (default) Euler (basic with stiffness method) i

36、s fast and stable but dampens,Hmin=10u Hmax=100m,Hmin=10u Hmax=10m,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 65 6/28/2005,Output Display with 2D View,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 66 6/28/2005,Quick View / Sliding Window,Right mouse click,Check the Range box and set the value of the sliding window of the graphic,Simplorer7教程,67,

37、Quick View / Multiple Axis,Click on yellow folder to add a second y-axis,Simplorer7教程,68,Place Holders (text boxes),Click on Draw / Text and place it in the sheet Right mouse click,Select and insert the item,Simplorer7教程,69,Advanced Settings for Time Functions,Simplorer7教程,70,Advanced Settings for T

38、ime Functions,Simplorer7教程,71,DAY Post Processing,IEEE 488.2 Data Interface (GPIB) Graphical and numerical data analysis and representation Power Module Channel Calculator FFT Presentation Mode Matlab and Mathcad Integration,Simplorer7教程,72,Compatibility,MS-Office compatible Read and write Excel, Ac

39、cess Copy & Paste to and from Word, PowerPoint, Excel Windows Printing Support Data Format compatible ASCII Access (*.mdb) Excel (*.xls) CSV (*.csv) Comtrade (*.cfg) SPICE (*.out) TEK Oscilloscope data (*.dat),Simplorer7教程,Example #1Varistor - Nonlinear Resistance,Simplorer7教程,74,Example Problem #1V

40、aristor - Nonlinear Resistance,The varistor model is defined as a nonlinear characteristic using a 2D look up table from within the resistor component. The data can be obtained directly from a measurement device via the SIMPLORER IEEE-interface or entered manually.,Simulation properties: Simulation

41、End Time 100m Minimum Time Step 10u Maximum Time Step 1m,Use the default “time controlled” values for the source,Simplorer7教程,75,Circuit Setup,Add a Voltage Source, Inductor, and 2 Resistors From The Basic Components Library,Dont Forget the Ground !,Simplorer7教程,76,Nonlinear Resistor,Click on “yello

42、w corner box” and enter values,Save to a file or Read a data file,Simplorer7教程,77,Simulation Result,To add a new plot: On toolbar, select 2D View icon (or) from library, select Displays/ 2D View To scale quantities, RMB on plot and select Best Representation,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 78 6/28/2005,How to

43、Display the Characteristic,Add one 2D View (con) and two Data from simulation,Note: the ConnectGraph consists of 2 parts: the ConnectGraph and the associated 2D view,Simplorer7教程,79,Settings and Results,Connect channel1 to X terminal,Set R2.V for channel1,Connect channel2 to Y1 terminal,Set R2.I for

44、 channel2,Simplorer7教程,Example #2DC Drive for aPermanent Magnet DC Motor,Simplorer7教程,81,Example Problem #2DC Drive,Period of the input sine wave is 16.666ms - Hmax = 16.666m/20 Steps = 0.833ms, we use Hmax = 0.5m and Tend = 200ms, = LA/RA = 10mH/1 = 10ms - Hmin = 10ms/20 Steps = 0.5ms, we use Hmin

45、= Hmax/100 = 0.005ms,Four Static Diodes,AC Voltage Source,DC Motor,Timestep choice,Time constant,Note: Dont forget the ground!,Simplorer7教程,82,Diode Definition,Clone the component by dragging with pressed CTRL key.,Choose equivalent line diode type,Simplorer7教程,83,Voltage Source,Simplorer_Day 1, pg.

46、 84 6/28/2005,Electrical Machine DC Permanent Magnet Excitation,Simplorer7教程,85,Simulation resultsNo control, no load and static diodes,Note: Add title blocks using Draw/ Text,Simplorer7教程,Section 3Block DiagramSimulator,Simplorer7教程,87,Block Diagram Simulator,Distributed integration algorithm Linea

47、r, non linear and external controlled analog blocks Digital closed loop control systems using discrete transfer functions Mixed digital and analog control system simulation in one model,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 88 6/28/2005,Blocks,Continuous,Discrete,Signal Processing,Math,Simplorer7教程,89,Digital Contro

48、l Capabilities,Example: filter for motor control,Sampling time is set locally for blocks (such as inputs) which use a sample time You may want longer sampling time than time-step,Simplorer7教程,Example #3 Transfer Function Step Response,Simplorer7教程,91,Example Problem #3 Transfer Function Step Respons

49、e,+,1,Transfer Function G(s),4.87,1 + 5s + 6.25s2,STEP,Numerator Order: 0 Denominator Order: 2,Input,Summation Block,Output,Transfer Function,Goal of this example is to model a process,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 92 6/28/2005,Model Definition,4. Set Sample Time locally,Tend = 100 Hmin = 10m Hmax = 1,B0 4.8

50、7,A0 1 A1 5 A2 6.25,1. Add S-Transfer function,2. Add step input,Note: This is voltage response for “uncontrolled” process,3. Add transfer function coefficients,Simplorer7教程,93,With Feed Back,Tend = 20 Hmin = 10m Hmax = 100m,5. Add feedback loop using negator block,Note: This is voltage response for

51、 “controlled” process,Use Element/Rotate and Element/Flip to align,Simplorer7教程,94,With PID Controller,Simplorer7教程,95,Schematic and Result,Tend = 20 Hmin = 10m Hmax = 100m,Note: This is voltage response for “controlled” process with KP = 0.5, KI = 0, and KD = 0,6. Add integrator and derivative bloc

52、ks 7. Need to add 3rd input pin to SUM2,Simplorer7教程,96,Step Response With PID (Optimized),Tend = 20 Hmin = 10m Hmax = 100m,7. Modify coefficients in gain, integrator, and derivative blocks,Note: This is voltage response for “controlled” process with optimized PID coefficients KP = 1, KI = 0.1, and

53、KD = 1,Simplorer7教程,Section 4State MachineSimulation,Simplorer7教程,98,State Machine Simulator,State machine simulator is based on well known PETRI-net theory Integrated, system wide expressions and equations both arithmetical and logical Event driven simulation Process state dependent modification of

54、 almost any SIMPLORER system parameter including integration parameters and blocks Especially for discontinuous processes,Simplorer7教程,99,State Machines,Behavioral Modeling,Smart Models, state dependent simulation parameter modification,State dependent modification of system quantities, parameters a

55、nd topologies,Measurement and computation of characteristic values online during Simulation,Simplorer7教程,100,Basic Concept of a State Machine,activity 1.n,activity 1.n,activity 1.n,activity 1.n,activity 1.n,activity 1.n,INPUT State,Crossover Condition,(Transition),OUTPUT State,I1,I2,I3,O1,O2,O3,Defi

56、ne the “activity” to occur at each input state,Define the “activity” to occur at each output state,Simplorer7教程,101,Almost As Writing a Program,Sequential,Parallel Processes,Cycle,(Loop),Synchronization,Alternative,(IF-THEN-ELSE),Note: Many different kinds of processes can be simulated,If a 10,If a1

57、0,Simplorer7教程,102,Observation and Modification,Process (Model),evaluate system quantities and simulation state at the transition,evaluate system quantities and simulation state at the transition,activities,activities,activities,Influence the process modifying component parameters and values,The sta

58、te machine is controlling the process.,Simplorer7教程,Example #4 Single-phase Inverter Bridge,Simplorer7教程,104,Example Problem #4Single-phase Inverter Bridge,DC to AC,Input voltage source,Inverter bridge,Resultant current output,Simplorer7教程,105,Circuit Topology,All semiconductors use the same nonlinear characteristic (equivalent line) defined in the component property. The transistors are controlled “digitally” by a state