英语句子成分分析.ppt

1、1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday., 主语, 谓 语, 定语, 宾 语, 同位语, 状 语,句子成分,定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分：主语和谓语 次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语,主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物,Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Four plus four is eight. To see is to believe. Smoking is ba

2、d for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true. 不定式，动名词，句子做主语，谓语动词用单数,（名词） （代词） （数词） （不定式） （动名词） （the+adj./vpp） （句子）,找出句中主语,The sun rises in the east. Twenty years is a short time in history. The poor are now living in the shelter. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe.

3、 He likes dancing. What he needs is a book. It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.,（名词）,（代词）,（数词）,（动名词）,（不定式）,（句子）,(名词化的形容词）,（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）,谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征,1.简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 2.复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can

4、 speak English well. She doesnt like dancing 助动词：Am ,is ,are,was,were,has,have,do does,did,had,谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征,3.系表结构做谓语：系动词+（除动词外的其它词性） 动词才可以做谓语，其它的词性要做谓语，必须构成系表结构才能做谓语 Eg : He is a teacher(名词） He becomes mad (形容词）,系动词,1）状态系动词（be动词）“是。” 例如： He is a teacher. （is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。） 2）持续系动词“保持。” keep, res

5、t, remain, stay, lie, stand 例如： He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。 3）表像系动词 “好像。似乎。” seem, appear, look, 例如： He looks tired. 他看起来很累。,4）感官系动词 “。起来” feel, smell, sound, taste 例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。 注意：系动词不用于被动语态. 5）变化系动词 “变得。” become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come,

6、run. 例如： He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。 6）终止系动词 prove, turn out, 表达“证实”，“结果。”之意 例如： The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。,Show your passport, please. She didnt say anything. How many do you want? - I want two. They sent the injured to hospital. They asked to see my passport. I enjoy working with you

7、. Did you write down what he said?,（名词 ）,( 代词）,(数词),(名词化的形容词),(三)宾语动作的对象或承受者及物动词或介词的宾语,（不定式）,（动名词）,（句子）,宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物. He gave me some books., 间接 宾语, 直接 宾语,please pass me the book. He bought his girlfriend some flowers.,挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over

8、 the world speak English. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.,（四）表语,在系动词后的部分就是表语 The war was over. They seem to know the truth. Time is precious. Im not quite myself today

9、. That remains a puzzle. I dont feel at ease.,挑出下列句中的表语 - The old man felt very tired. - The leaves have turned yellow. - Soon They all became interested in the subject.,（五）定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句,He is a clever boy. His father works in a steel work. There are 54students in our class. Do you known bett

10、ys sister? He bought some sleeping pills. There is a sleeping baby in bed. His spoken language is good.,(形容词),(名词),(数词),(名词的所有格),(动名词),(现在分词),(过去分词),定语后置： 如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置 The girl in red is his sister. We have a lot of work to do. The girl standing under the tree is his daug

11、hter. Do you know the man who spoke just now?,挑出下列句中的定语 1. What is your given name? 2. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. 3. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. 4. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!,（六）状语：即用来修饰动词、形容词或副词的单词、短语或从句。状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状

12、况等。,I will be back in a while. They are playing on the playground. He was late because he got up late. He got up so late that I missed the train.,I waited to see you. He often went to school by bus. His parents died, leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interes

13、ting. He went to school in spite of his illness.,挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast., With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves t

14、he library because she loves books. I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.,I found the book interesting（形容词）. Do you smell something burning （现在分词）? He made himself known to them. （过去分词短语）,（六）宾语补足语有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足

15、语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有 ： make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let.,She asked me to lend her a hand. （不定式）,挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the

16、 work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.,七、同位语：,同位语 当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分用来说明和解释另一个句子成分，这个句子成分就叫做它的同位语。 We students should study hard. (students是we的同位语，都是指同一批学生） We all are students. (all是we的同位语，都指同样的我们）,八、独立成分：,与全句没有语法关系的句子成分叫做句子的独立成分 感叹词：oh, hello, aha, ah,等。 肯定词:yes 否定词:no 称呼语：称呼人的用语。 插入语：一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。 如: The story, I think, has never come to the end. 我相信,这个故事还远没结束.,Exercises:分析句子结构,1）You are a student. 2）He felt happy today. 3）What you said made me happy. 4）Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well? 5）After he fini