unit1Grammar.ppt

1、Direct Speech and Indirect Speech,直接引语与间接引语,9/30/2020,9/30/2020,一、基本含义,1. 直接引语：直接引述别人的话，把它放在引号内。 2. 间接引语： 用自己的话引述别人的话，不用引号。,The Nobel Committee for Chemistry said:His discovery was extremely controversial at first.(引号内的话为直接引语),The Nobel Committee for Chemistry said that his discovery had been extrem

2、ely controversial at first.(that引导的宾语从句为间接引语),9/30/2020,二、直接引语与间接引语的转化,转化,人称的变化,时态的变化,指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和方向性动词的变化,主句谓语的变化及连接词的选择,直引,间引,9/30/2020,直接引语,间接引语,1.,9/30/2020,直接引语三种语气,1. 陈述句,2. 一般疑问句,3. 特殊疑问句,e.g. I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary, said Annie.,e.g. Does a friend always have

3、to be a person? the writer asks us.,e.g. What do you call your diary? Annies sister asked her.,9/30/2020,直引转间引陈述句,e.g.1: I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary, said Annie.,Annie said that she didnt want to set down a series of facts in a diary.,e.g.2: John said to me,I want to visit t

4、he Great Wall.,John told that he wanted to visit the Great Wall.,9/30/2020,变化：,1. 间引：say/tell sb.that+从句 2. 主句的谓语动词：say/said 不变；say to/said to变为tell/told 3. 人称 4. 时态,9/30/2020,直引转间引一般疑问句,e.g.1: Does a friend always have to be a person? the writer asks us.,The writer asks us if a friend always has to

5、 be a person.,(疑问语序),(陈述语序),间引：Ask/wonder whether/if +陈述语序,9/30/2020,直引转间引特殊疑问句,e.g.1: What do you call your diary? Annies sister asked her.,Annies sister asked her what she called her diary.,(陈述语序),间引：Ask/wonder wh-word(特殊疑问词) +陈述语序,9/30/2020,总结,9/30/2020,直引转间引四种变化,一、人称的变化 二、时态的变化 三、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和

6、方向性动词的变化 四、主句谓语的变化及连接词的选择,9/30/2020,一、人称的变化,口诀: 一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新,(1)一随主：如果直接引语中有第一人称，变间接引语时按照主句中主语的人称变化。,e.g.: John said,I want to visit the Great Wall.,John said that he wanted to visit the Great Wall.,e.g.: She said,My brother wants to go with me.,She said that her brother wanted to go with her.,9/

7、30/2020,(2)二随宾：如果直接引语中有第二人称，变间接引语时按照主句中宾语保持一致。如果引号外没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。,e.g.: He said to Kate,How is your sister now?,He asked Kate how her sister then.,e.g.: He said ,You must be careful.,He said that I must be careful.,9/30/2020,(3)第三人称不更新：如果直接引语中有第三人称，变间接引语时人称一般不需要变化。,e.g.: Mr Smith said,Jack is a good

8、 worker?,Mr Smith said that Jack was a good worker.,9/30/2020,二、时态的变化(主句是一般过去时)降级原则,9/30/2020,e.g.1: She said,I hope you are right.(一般现在时),She said that she hoped I was right. (一般过去时),e.g.2: Lily said,I am reading now.(现在进行时),Lily said that she was reading then. (过去进行时),e.g.3: Jenny said,I didnt hea

9、r you.(一般过去时),Jenny said that she hadnt heard me. (过去完成时),e.g.4: He said,We hadnt finished the job on time.(过去完成时),He said that they hadnt finished the job on time. (过去完成时),9/30/2020,注意：直引变间引“三不变”,(1)直接引语是客观事实、科学真理或名言警句时。,e.g.:The teacher said to us,Light travels much faster than sound.,The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound.,(2)在一般过去时的句子中有具体的时间状语时。,e.g.:The girl said ,I was born in Beijing in 1995.,The girl said that she was born in Beijing in 1995.,(3)主句是一般现在时或将来时，