高考英语语法填空总动员：语法填空1.无提示词探究说课材料.ppt

1、2017年高考英语总动员,语法填空,1.无提示词探究,一、冠词 冠词(article, art. )是名词前成分, 起限定名词, 说明名词定指、泛指、量指或独指等性质的词类, 与名词构成名词词语, 不能单独使用。,1. In the beginning, there was only _ very small amount of unfairness in the world. 2. The parents were shocked by _ news that their son needed _ operation on his knee. 参考答案： 1. a。a very small

2、amount of一个非常小的数量。 2. 第一空填the，表示特指；第二空填an，表示泛指。,3. Marco Polo is said to have sailed on _ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in _ thirteenth century. 4. Four and _ half hours of discussion took us up to midnight, and _ break for cheese, chocolate and tea with sugar. 参考答案： 3. 两个空都填the，on the Pacific Oc

3、ean为固定搭配，在太平洋；in the thirteenth century在13世纪，序数词前表特指用定冠词the。 4. 两个空都填a，第一空表示量指，“四个半”，英语用four and a half；第二空表示休息时刻。,5. But she quickly realized that it wasnt her, it was probably the fact that she sat in _ last row. 6. looked at _ finished painting with _ satisfaction. 参考答案： 5. 定冠词the，用在最高级前。 6. the.

4、 . . painting, 定指所谈论的画；with satisfaction, 零冠词，固定搭配。,7. He missed _ gold in the high jump, but will get _ second chance in the long jump. 8. I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had _ amazing conversation. 参考答案： 7. the gold, 独指, 跳高项目唯一的金牌; a second =another, 量指, 还有一次机会。 8. 不定冠词an表类指。,9.As

5、he reached _ front door, Jack saw _ strange sight. 10.It is generally accepted that _ boy must learn to stand up and fight like _ man. 参考答案： 9. the表示定指, a表量指。 10. 两空都填a表示类指。,11.Its said John will be in a job paying over $60, 000 _ year. Right, he will also get paid by _ week. 12. Take your timeits j

6、ust _ short distance from here to _ restaurant. 参考答案： 11. a表量指; by the week “按周计算”，固定用法。 12. a表量指; the表定指。,13. As is known to all, _ Peoples Republic of China is _ biggest developing country in the world. 14. Dr. Peter Spence, _ headmaster of the school, told us, “_ fifth of pupils here go on to stu

7、dy at Oxford and Cambridge. ” 参考答案： 13. the用于专用名词前；the用于最高级前。 14. the表定指; The用于序数词前。,讨论冠词的用法就是研究冠词与名词的搭配关系，这与名词的可数不可数，单数复数、语意上的泛(类)指、量指、定(特)指、独指四个属性以及名词的读音有密切的联系。 1 定冠词的基本用法 1. 表示“定指或特指”： 1)表示某个或某些特定的人或物。例如： (1)Do you know the girl in a red skirt? 你认识那个穿红裙子的女孩吗？(特指人) (2)Beijing is the capital of Chi

8、na. 北京是中国的首都。(特指物),2)再次提到上文提到过的人或物。 例如： Tom has an apple. The apple is big and red. 汤姆有个苹果，这个苹果又大又红。 3)指谈话双方都知道的人或物。例如： (1)Lets go and give it to the teacher. 咱们去把它交给老师吧。(双方都知道是哪位老师) (2)Open the door，please! 请打开门。(双方都知道是哪个门),4)用于某些固定词组中。例如： in the morning/afternoon/evening等。 5)用在形容词前表示一类人。 6)用在表示“姓”

9、的复数名词前，表示一家人或夫妇二人。例如：The Whites are spending their holiday in England. 7)用在形容词最高级和序数词前。 the biggest country, the fourth runner,2. 表示“独指”：用于在一定范围内表示唯一的人或物的名词前。例如：the sun，the moon，the world，the planet，the earth，the Milky Way，the sky，the universe，the globe，the Equator The moon is the nearest to the ear

10、th. 比较：若这类词前面有描绘性的定语，可用不定冠词表示量指。例如：a new moon 一弯新月a red sun一轮红日,用适当的冠词填空。 1. It was a cold winter night and _ moon was shining brightly across _ night sky. 2. Sam has been appointed manager of the engineering department to take _ place of George. 参考答案：1. the; the 2. the,3. We are said to be living i

11、n _ Information Age, _ time of new discoveries and great changes. 4. The Smiths dont usually stay at hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by _ sea. 参考答案：3. the; a 4. the,5. I woke up with _ bad headache, yet by _ evening the pain had gone. 6. There are over 58, 000 rock

12、y objects in space, about 900 of which could fall down onto _ earth. 参考答案：5. a; the 6. the,7. If we sit near _ front of the bus, well have _ better view. 8. Many lifestyle patterns do such great harm to health that they actually speed up _ weakening of the human body. 参考答案：7. the; a 8. the,2 不定冠词的基本

13、用法 1. 表示“类指或泛指”：指某人或某物属于某一种类，或者指某一种类的人或物中的任何一个或一件，但不具体说明是何人或何物。例如： (1)That is a pen, not a pencil. 那是钢笔，而不是铅笔。(指属于某一种类) (2)Give him a pear, please! 请给他一个梨。 (指某一种类中的任何一个) (3)Listen! A boy is singing in the classroom. 听！有个男孩正在教室里唱歌。(不具体说明是何人),2. 表示“量指”：这种用法主要表示“一”的意思，但它并不强调数目概念，它所表示“数”的概念没有“one”强烈，它不能

14、和two, three等形成对比关系。 例如： (1)There is a cat under the chair. 椅子下面有只猫。(表示“一”的概念) (2)Kate has one ruler, but Meimei has two. 凯特有一把尺子，梅梅有两把。(形成了对比关系，one表“数”的概念较强，句中的“one”不能用“a”代替),用适当的冠词填空。 1.India attained independence in 1947, after _ long struggle. 2. Carl is studying food science at college and hopes

15、 to open up _ meat processing factory of his own one day. 3. Being able to afford _ drink would be _ comfort in those tough times.,4. The development of industry has been _ gradual process throughout human existence, from stone tools to modern technology. 5. First impressions are the most lasting. A

16、fter all, you never get _ second chance to make _ first impression. 6.Its _ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them pleasure.,7. The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that people from all walks of life are working hard for _ new Jiangsu. 8.In most coun

17、tries, a university degree can give you _ flying start in life. 参考答案： 1. a 2. a 3. a; a 4. a 5. a; a 6. a 7. a 8. a,3 不定冠词a, an的用法 不定冠词a与an在意义上没有区别，a用在以辅音音素开头的单词或字母前；an用在以元音音素开头的单词或字母前，而且要与后面的单词连读(连读用下划线表示)。例如： an important meeting, an elephant, an old woman, an envelope,1. 元音字母开头的单词与a, an。 1)除a, e,

18、 i, o外, 注意以u开头的单词。例如：,2)在课标词汇表中，u在词首发 音的词有： ugly, umbrella, unable, uncertain, uncle, underground, understanding, underwater, undivided, unfair, unfolded, unhealthy, unknown, unlike, unpleasant, unreserved, unrest, unsold, unsuccessful, unusual, upstairs, upward 其余u在词首发 ju:音的词有： uniform, union, uniq

19、ue, unit, unite, universal, universe, university, use, used, useful, useless, user, usual, usually,2. 辅音字母开头的单词与a, an。有的单词开头是辅音字母, 但第一个发音是元音音素, 加不定冠词时也是an, 这就是字母的名称音和拼读音的区别。例如: You missed an“s”in the word success. In the English exam, John got a“C”and missed an“f”in the word“suffer”. an X-ray examin

20、ation, an hour, an hono(u)r, an honest man,1）字母在字母表中的读音叫字母名称音；字母在单词中的读音叫字母拼读音。在单词或字母前加a(n)时，要特别注意这两个概念。,4 冠词的定指、泛指、量指和独指 冠词与名词的搭配与名词可数、不可数、单数、复数等不同性质有关，还与语意上的泛(类)指、量指、定(特)指、独指四个属性密切相连。我们将冠词的定指、泛指、量指和独指用法归纳如下。,. 单句填空 1. We can never expect _ bluer sky unless we create _ less polluted world. 2. Some p

21、eople fear that air pollution may bring about changes in _ weather around the world. 3. I left it early because I had _ appointment later that day.,4. A young man, while traveling through a desert，came across a spring of clear water. _ water was sweet. 5.Besides，shopping at this time of the year was

22、 not _ pleasant experience. 参考答案：1. a; a 2. the 3. an 4. The 5. a,. 用适当的冠词补全短文 Elizabeth Rosemund Taylor was born in 1. _ nineteen thirty-two to American parents living in London. Her father Francis was 2. _ art dealer. Her mother Sara had worked as 3. _ stage actress before her marriage. 4. _ Taylo

23、rs left England in nineteen thirty-nine and moved to southern California. Elizabeths beauty soon caught 5. _ attention of movie studio officials.,She made her first movie, “Theres One Born Every Minute, ” at 6. _ age of ten. This was followed 7. _ year later by “Lassie Come Home”. But it was 8. _ ni

24、neteen forty-four film, “National Velvet” that made her 9. _ star. Twelve-year-old Elizabeth Taylor starred as Velvet Brown, 10. _ girl living in a village in England. She saves 11. _ horse and trains him for 12. _ important race, which she wins.,During 13. _ nineteen forties Elizabeth Taylor played

25、 many roles in movies about families. Not all 14. _ child actors in Hollywood were successful later playing adult roles. But Taylor easily went from playing children to playing 15. _ teenagers and adults. In nineteen fifty, she played the bride in the popular film “Father of the Bride”. 参考答案： 1. / 2

26、. an 3. a 4. The 5. the 6. the 7. a 8. the 9. a 10. a 11. a 12. an 13. the 14. / 15. /,二、介词 介词(preposition, prep. )也是名词前成分，又叫前置词，表示名词与句中其他句子成分之间从、往、在、当、把、对、同、为、以、比、跟、被等语意关系。介词往往在冠词前面。有时介词可以当副词使用，区别是：介词带宾语，副词不带宾语。 例如：He is in the room. (in是介词，带名词作宾语) Is he in? No, he is out. (in, out是副词，不带宾语),1. The

27、only reason a man would sell salt _ a lower price would be because he was desperate for money. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect _ the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it. 参考答案: 第一空填at。at a lower price以一个较低的价格。 第二空填for。那将表

28、现出对辛苦生产盐的人的汗水与付出的不尊敬。a lack of respect for对的不尊敬。,2. A serious study of physics is impossible _ some knowledge of mathematics. 3. _ everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country. 参考答案: 2. without 没有 3. On behalf of 代表,4. 100 is the temperature _ which water will boil. 5. Do you th

29、ink this shirt is too tight _ the shoulders? 6. _ passion, people wont have the motivation or the joy necessary for creative thinking. 参考答案: 4. at, 介词+关系代词，在这个温度 5. across, 肩膀处 6. Without, 没有激情,7. You can change your job, you can move house, but friendship is meant to be _ life. 8. Nothing is so eas

30、y as _ parents to raise their expectations of their children too high. 9. The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place _ the main road at the far end of the lake. 参考答案: 7. for, for life终生 8. for, for sb. 对某人来说 9. off,10. I didnt like leaving him _ his own, either. 11. The new boy looked at the teacher _ a

31、 few seconds. 12. The young man went home _ a happy heart. 参考答案: 10. on, on ones own 独自地 11. for, 一段时间 12. with，怀着,13.She found some good quality pipes _ sale. 14. Her parents were already _ table having supper. 参考答案: 13. on, on sale出售 14. at, at table在吃饭,1 方位介词 (一)方位介词图解,(二) above, over, on, below,

32、 under, beneath详解,over、under正上下，above、below不垂直， 若与数量词连用，混合使用亦无关。 1. above 指水平面以上，不一定是正上方，反义词是below; 2. over指垂直的正上方，反义词是under; 3. on表示与表面的接触，反义词是beneath。,例如： 1)Be careful, there is a heavy box over your head. 2)The sun is above the mountain in the east. 3)There are some stamps on the desk. 4)The posi

33、tion he pointed to was below the sea level. 5)The little mouse is under the table, so it is not easy to find it.,(三) across, over, through, past详解 1. across从平面上横越； 2. over从上方跨越； 3. through从空间穿越； 4. past从旁边经过。,例如： 1)The Great Wall winds its way from west to east, across deserts, over mountains, throu

34、gh valleys, till at last it reaches the sea. 2)The crowd of people walked past the City Hall to the Center Square.,2 时间介词,3 其他介词,4 常考的介词短语 (一)归类记忆 1. be on show/display/play/sale/strike/duty/trial 2. be of value/importance/use/no use/color/age/size/ height/weight/significance 3. to ones joy/surprise

35、/pleasure/astonishment/sorrow/delight 4. in surprise/wonder/alarm/terror/horror/delight 5. by air/bicycle/boat/bus/car/letter/post/plane/ telephone/train/wire,6. at daybreak/sunrise/dawn/noon/ dark/night 7. out of breath/control/question/sight 8. in fact/reality/substance/nature/practice/theory/shor

36、t/ brief/a word/detail/all/full/ time/fashion/existence/turn/vain/haste/ appearance/common/sum/general/particular/ public/secret/order/part/power/stock/case/ bed/future/name/ addition/sight,9. on duty/shift/holiday/leave/business/purpose/time/ sale/show/board/hand/record/ request/earth/farm/principl

37、e/average 10.for example/instance/all/good/nothing/convenience/short/ fear/sale 11. by weight ( volume, size, number. . . )/profession/ definition/rule/turn/chance/ accident/ mistake/hand/train ( bus, taxi, ship, boat. . . )/ air/land/force/day/nature/sight,12. at most/least/best/worst/once/first/la

38、st/ home/school/will/work/night/midnight/daybreak/dawn/present/length/large 13. as above/below/following/over/usual/before/a matter of fact 14. above all/measure/normal 15. before all/long/time/now/then 16. after all/class/school,17. out of action/order/condition/use/ operation/step/joint/repair/ ge

39、ar/balance/ range/doubt/date/danger/hand/shape/place/ question/stock 18. with caution/interest/difficulty/ease/ advantage/effect/reason/vigor/reserve/ success/confidence,19. beyond comprehension/conception/ description/expression/doubt/control/reach/ power/measure/ grasp/compare/controversy/ dispute

40、/hope/example 20. under age/discussion/test/way/repair,(二)组合记忆 1. 由两个词组成的复合介词 (1)以of结尾 ahead of, aside of, because of, east of, west of, instead of, short of, lack of, regardless of (2)以to结尾 according to, as to, counter to, due to, owing to, next to, previous to, prior to, relative to, subject to, s

41、ubsequent to, thanks to (3)以with结尾 along with, together with (4)以for结尾 as for, but for, except for, save for (5)以from开头 from above, from below, from among, from between, from beneath, from behind, from over,2. 由三个或四个词组成的复合介词 (1)以in开头 in addition to, in advance of, in agreement with, in case of, in c

42、harge of, in comparison with, in consequence of, in consideration of, in (the) course of, in contrast with, in the face of, in favor of, in front of, in honor of, in (the) light of, in the middle of, in the name of, in need of, in obedience to, in opposition to, in place of, in preference to, in (th

43、e) process of， in regard to, in reply to, in respect of,(2)以by开头 by means of, by order of, by reason of, by virtue of, by way of (3)以at开头 at the beginning of, at the cost of, at the end of, at the hands of, at mercy of, at the point of, at the risk of (4)以with开头 with an eye to, with the exception of

44、, with the purpose of, with reference to, with regard to, with respect to, with a view to, with the view of,(5)以for开头 for the benefit of, for fear of, for lack of, for the good of, for the sake of (6)以under开头 under cover of, under pain of, under the present of (7)以on开头 on account of, on behalf of, o

45、n the occasion of, on the part of, on the point of, on top of,(三)动词+介词短语 1. 以break为中心的词组 2. 以catch为中心的词组 3. 以come为中心的词组 4. 以do为中心的词组 5. 以get为中心的词组,6. 以give为中心的词组 7. 以look为中心的词组 8. 以make为中心的词组 9. 以put为中心的词组 10. 以take为中心的词组 11. 以turn为中心的词组,(四)形容词+介词短语 1. “be+形容词+for”结构 2. “be+形容词+from”结构 3. “be+形容词+in

46、”结构 4. “be+形容词+of”结构 5. “be+形容词+to”结构 6. “be+形容词+with”结构 7. “in+其他词+of”结构,用适当的介词或介词短语填空。 1. The Smiths are praised _ the way they bring up their children. 2. I have an appointment _ Dr. Smith, but I need to change it. 3. It was a real race _ time to get the project done. Luckily, we made it. 参考答案： 1

47、. for, praise sb. for. . . 因为表扬某人 2. with, have an appointment with sb. 和某人约会 3. against, a race against time与时间的赛跑,4.This shop will be closed for repairs _ further notice. 5. Nick, its good for you to read some books _ China before you start your trip there. 6.With new technology, pictures of under

48、water valleys can be taken _ color. 参考答案： 4. until, 一直到 5. on/about, 关于 6. in，以彩色的形式,7.He was a good student and scored _ average in most subjects. 8.I always wanted to do the job which Id been trained _. 9. Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek _ food safety problem. 参考答案： 7. above，在以上 8. fo

49、r, train for the job为培训 9. to，the answers to. . . problem，问题的答案,10. Im sorry I didnt phone you, but Ive been very busy _ the past couple of weeks. 11. Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read _ the library. 参考答案： 10. for, 一段时间 11. from, 从借来的,12. The form cannot be signed by a

50、nyone _ yourself. 13. _ good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes. 参考答案： 12. other than, 除之外，没有 13. Apart from, 除之外，还有,. 用适当的介词填空 1. The wine industry in the area has developed in a special way, _ little foreign ownership. 2. How amazing it is that astronauts a

51、re exploring outer space! Its a challenge, I guess, _ man against nature. 参考答案： with, 有一点外资 2. of, 有违本性的挑战,3. Most Americans would prefer to keep their problems _ themselves, and solve their problems _ themselves. 4. The house I grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. 5. Ev

52、erybody was touched _ words after they heard her moving story. 参考答案： 3. to, 把问题留给自己, by, 自己解决问题 4. in， 在这间屋子里长大 5. beyond, 感动得说不出话来,6. It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot _ easy reach. 7. He invited me to a dance after the show _ Christmas Eve. 参考答案： 6. within, 在够得着的范围内 7. on,

53、在圣诞前夕,8. Four Chinese models were _ the 14 people awarded prizes on Friday at the World Supermodel Competition. 9. A great person is always putting others interests _ his own. 10. Try on this red skirt; you will look great _ it. 参考答案： 8. among, 在14人当中 9. above, 高于自己的利益 10. in, 穿着红短裙,. 用适当的介词补全短文 “Ca

54、nt hold a candle to” is a popular expression. It is 1. _ the time before electricity, when people used candles 2. _ light. Someone who lived in a big house would have a servant light his way 3. _ holding a candle. The expression meant that the person who cannot hold a candle 4. _ you is not fit even

55、 to be your servant. Now, it means such a person cannot compare or compete. 5. _ the following song. Singer Dolly Parton tells her new love that her old flames, her old lovers, cannot compare 6. _ him.,The expression “hold up” has several different meanings. One is a robbery. A man 7. _ a gun may sa

56、y, “This is a hold up. Give me your money. ” Another meaning is to delay. A driver late 8. _ work may tell his boss, “I was held up 9. _ heavy traffic. ” Someone who was robbed 10. _ the way to work might say, “Sorry, boss, I was held up 11. _ a hold-up. ”,Our final expression is“hold the line”. That means to keep a problem or situation 12. _ getting worse, to hold steady. 13. _ example, the president may say he will hold the line on taxes. He means there will be no increase 14. _ taxes. No