虚拟语气 (2)

1、虚拟语气,知识网络(见书P241),虚拟条件句与主语的谓语动词与现在事实或将来可能的事实相反，从句用一般过去式(be用were; 与将来可能事实相反时还可用were to /should +动词原形), 主句用would /should /could /might +动词原形; 与过去事实相反, 从句用过去完成时,主句用would /should /could /might have +过去分词。,熟读深思,My deskmate, Mary, treats me as if she were1my sister. She is nice but fat. If she were not so

2、 fat, she would look2like a super model. Last year, a doctor advised that she (should) eat3 more vegetables and fruits. He also made a suggestion that she (should) work out4regularly. Besides, he insisted that she (should) walk5 to school. If she had followed the doctors advice, she would not be so

3、fat now6. In other words, if the doctor had persuaded her to do so, she would not have become7 overweight.,This morning, Marys mother bought her a new dress. It was really nice. But after she tried it on, she couldnt help shouting,“ If only I were8 a little thinner! How I wish I hadnt eaten9so much

4、junk food before!” Were I Mary, I would make10a weight loss plan. If I became overweight in the future, I would do11 sports every day. Now it is high time she changed12 her lifestyle. Without a healthy lifestyle, she wouldnt be13 able to lose weight. I would rather she went14swimming with me, but sh

5、e insists that water sports are15 not suitable for her. So it is necessary that she (should) walk16to school.,汉语译文：我的同桌玛丽对我像亲姐妹一样。她人长得漂亮，就是有点胖。要不然，她就是一个超级模特了。去年，医生建议她多吃蔬菜和水果。医生同时建议她要经常锻炼，并坚持让她步行上学。如果她当时听了医生的建议，她现在也不至于这么胖了。也就是说，假如医生说服了她减肥，她就不会太胖。 今天上午，玛丽的妈妈给她买了一条新裙子。那裙子真是漂亮。可是，玛丽试穿后，忍不住叫了起来：“我多希望我瘦一点

6、点啊！要是当初我没有吃那么多的垃圾食品该多好啊！”如果我是玛丽，我会制定一个减肥计划。要是将来我发胖了，我一定会每天做运动。 现在，该是玛丽改变她的生活方式的时候了。没有健康的生活方式，她是不可能成功减肥的。我倒是宁愿她和我一起去游泳。可是她坚持认为水上运动不适合她。因此，她有必要步行上学了。,熟读深思,1. 在as if/ as though, even if/even though引导的状语从句或表语从句中，与现在事实相反时，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反时，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。 2. 表示与现在事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语动词用一般过去式，(be一般用were)，

7、主句的谓语用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形。,3.5.在insist, suggest, advise, order, command, propose, demand, require, request等后面的宾语从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，其中的should可以省略。在suggestion, advice, order, command, demand, requirement, request等名词后面的表语从句或同位语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”， 其中的should可以省略。,6. 错综条件句：有时if 从句中的动作

8、与主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式应根据他们表示的时间加以调整。本句的虚拟条件句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。,7. 表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时，即“had过去分词”，主句用“would /should/could / might + have +过去分词”。 89. 在表示愿望的动词wish后的宾语从句和 If only（但愿）引出的句子中, 需用虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反，从句或if only后的句子的谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，从句或if only后的句子的谓语动词用过去完成时。 10. 如果if 从句中含有were, had或s

9、hould, 可将if 省略，然后将were, had或should提前至主语前。即从句可用半倒装。,11. 表示与将来事实相反的假设，if从句的谓语形式用一般过去式，或用“were to / should +动词原形”，主句用“would / should /could/ might +动词原形”。 12. 在It is (high) time that 后的从句中， 谓语动词用“should(不能省略)+动词原形”或一般过去时都可以。 13. 含蓄条件从句：用连词otherwise, or，but或用介词but for, without等暗示前面的条件。与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时

10、；与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。其中介词but for, without表示的虚拟语气， 可和if 引导的假设条件状语从句替换。,14. would (had) rather , would sooner用来表达主观愿望，它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。 15. 在动词insist表“坚持认为，坚持说, 坚持某种说法”； suggest 表“暗示，表明”时，后面的从句不用虚拟语气。 16. 在it is necessary (important, natural, strange, surprising) that 引导

11、的主语从句中，主语从句中的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”。,倒装与广东高考,谓语动词在语法填空中每年考一题。我们在做语法填空题时，一旦判断所给动词在句中作为谓语后，就需考虑其时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等。在近年广东高考中有一个小题涉及虚拟语气：,(2012年)He walked in as if he 17 _(buy) the school. 解析：在主格人称代词he后，显然是作谓语；又因一个学生的他不可能是买下了这个学校，故应当用虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，故填had bought。,虚拟语气有时在高考写作中也会用到。如2009年高考读写任务要点(2)“假如你处在那些动物的处境, 你会

12、有什么反应”，写这个要点时就需要用到虚拟语气。可以这样开头： If I were an animal in the wildlife park, I would feel annoyed when people keep photographing with me.如果我是野生动物园的动物, 当人们不停地同我拍照时, 我会感到恼怒。,1.If I _ (be) you, I would do it in a different way. 1. 与现在事实相反。 2. If you had followed my advice just now, you _(be) fine now. 2. 与

13、现在事实相反。,were,would be,一、单句填空,灵活运用,3. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ (score) a goal. 3. 与过去事实相反。 4. If I _(have) a million dollars, I would first donate some of the money to poor children in remote mountainous areas. 4. 与现在事实相反。,would have scored,had,5. The doctor o

14、rdered that she _ (stay) in bed for a few days.,(should) stay,6. It is very important that you _ _(master) the skills of computer. 7. English teachers give advice that we _ (make) good use of every chance to speak English.,(should) make,8. It is high time that we _ _(take) some measures to protect t

15、he wild animals.,9. How I wish every family _ (have) a large house with a beautiful garden！,had,10. Janes pale face suggested that she _ (be) ill, and her parents suggested that she _(have) a medical examination.,should have,was,二、语篇填空,Tom and Peter are twins. They look as if they 1 _(be) the same p

16、erson. Both the two boys are smart, but Tom is hard-working while Peter is lazy. Tom always wins the first place in the exams, which suggests that he 2 _(be) hard-working. Peter could do better, 3 _ he doesnt want to work hard. People believe if Peter 4 _(work) as hard as Tom, he would do as well as

17、 his brother in his study.,were,is,but,worked,At home, their parents make a suggestion that they 5 _(do) the dishes in turn and insist that they 6_ (finish) their homework before playing computer games. But Peter insists that it 7 _(be) also OK to play games first as long as he can hand in his homew

18、ork in time. Their mother gives in in the end. One day, when doing his homework, Tom found he made a serious mistake. So, he put the exercise-book aside and used another one.,should do,should finish,is,When Peter found the previous exercise-book, he struck out Toms name and signed his name on its co

19、ver happily, and handed it in as his own homework the next day. When the teacher told the truth to the twins Mother, she kept silent first but her expression suggested that she 8 _(be) angry. Later, she shouted at Peter: “How I wish you 9 _(be) as diligent as your brother! Now its time that I 10 _ (

20、give) you a good lesson.,was,were,gave,And I insist that you 11 _( not play) any computer games for a whole month too. Remember to do as I ask you to, 12 _, you would be forbidden to touch the computer for a year!” “Oh, no! Mom. 13 _computer for such a long time, I would die. I would rather you 14 _

21、(ask) me to do the dishes for a month alone.” Peter was upset. “If you 15 _ (finish) your homework on time yesterday, you wouldnt be punished now.” said the mother.,should not play,or/otherwise,without,asked,had finished,汤姆和彼特虽是长处像同一个人且都很聪明,但学习上却一勤一懒, 各不相同, 甚至有一次还因彼特懒惰, 投机取巧, 闹出笑话。 1. were 因as if引导的

22、表语从句是与现在事实相反的情况, 从句谓语用一般过去时, be一般用were。 2. is 因suggests表示“表明，说明”，其后的宾语从句的谓语动词用陈述语气。 3. but 因“本来可以做得更好”与“不愿努力学”是转折关系。 4. worked 因if表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语用一般过去时。 5. should do 在表示“建议”的suggestion后的同位语从句中，谓语动词用should do。,6. should finish 在insist表示“坚决要求”时, 其后的宾语从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”。 7. is 该句的insists表示“坚持认为”，其

23、宾语从句的谓语动词用陈述语气。 8. was 因suggested作“表明，说明”解，其宾语从句的谓语动词用陈述语气。 9. were 在表示愿望的wish后的宾语从句，其宾语从句的谓语动词用一般过去式表示现在的愿望。 10. gave 或should give 在Its time that句型的that从句中，谓语动词用一般过去式或“should +动词原形”。,11. should not play 句中insist表示“坚决要求”，其宾语从句的谓语用“should+动词原形”。 12. or/otherwise 由后面句中的谓语would be可知, 前面用or或otherwise (否

24、则)来表示虚拟条件。 13. without 由would die可知，填without表示虚拟条件。 14. asked 在would rather后的从句中，用一般过去时表示现在或将来。 15. had finished 表示与过去事实相反的情况，虚拟条件句的谓语用过去完成时。,I met my step-mom for the first time when I moved to America. That night before I went to bed she came to my room, 1 _was the first room I had ever had for my

25、 own.,1. 引导定语从句修饰前面的my room。,which,三、语法填空,She told me she was glad to have me and that she 2 _(take) good care of me. Because I was never shown affection 3 _ a child, I did not know how 4_ (react), so I just stared at her. To this day, I have a hard time to let others be affectionate towards me.,2.

26、由上下文可知用过去将来时。 3. 这里意为“作为”。 4. 根据前面的how可知, 疑问词后面只能接to do。,would take,as,to react,She asked me for a hug, but I did not know what 5 _word “hug” meant. So, I just looked at her 6 _a questioning expression on my face. But she didnt give up. She called my father into the room and asked him to explain to

27、me what she meant.,5. 特指hug这个词。 6. 介词with的基本用法。,the,with,When he did I looked at my new step-mom and wondered 7 _she wanted to hug me. She then told me it was because she loved me and you hug people when you love 8 _.,7. 引导宾语从句, 根据句意应填why。 8. 指代前面的people。,why,them,So she opened her arms wide and timidl