实用综合英语教程Unit2.ppt

1、BR_Background Information1,Background Information,Environment, in brief, is made up of the natural environment and the living environment.,Video Clip,Group Discussion,Spot Dictation,Background Information,BR_Background Information2,Natural environment, in a broad sense, comprises all of the living a

2、nd non-living things existing on the earth. However, the term is quite often used as the opposite to “living environment”, referring to the environment free from human intervention. Living environment refers to the environment relevant to the daily lives of human beings, including the atmosphere, wa

3、ter, waste, noise, offensive odors, etc. People have the right to live in a healthy and pleasant environment, and at the same time it is their obligation to strive to build up environment-friendly lifestyles.,Video Clip,Group Discussion,Spot Dictation,Background Information,BR_Video Clip1,Video Clip

4、,Source,The City and the Environment,Video Clip,Group Discussion,Spot Dictation,Background Information,BR_Video Clip2,Video Clip,Questions:,1. What is an ecosystem? 2. At what depth are the underground conduits laid?,Ecosystem is a community of living things together with their environment.,Conduits

5、 for electricity, gas, compressed air or drinking water are laid in the upper layer of soil in the first five meters underground.,Video Clip,Group Discussion,Spot Dictation,Background Information,BR_group discussion,Group Discussion,1. 2.,Growing evidence shows that global climate changes are being

6、caused by environmental pollution, especially by greenhouse gases. Do we need to take immediate actions to halt this trend? If yes, how? Should there be further restrictions on the advertising, selling, and smoking of tobacco? Should it be banned?,Video Clip,Group Discussion,Spot Dictation,Backgroun

7、d Information,BR_spot dictation,Spot Dictation,In a news program, Greenpeace people to find out new methods in so that we could live in a safer environment. The researchers had collected dust hidden in the and carpets from 100 houses and found a range of harmful pollutants. “When you a room, those u

8、nseen chemicals are just there in some everyday like toys, carpets, television, etc.,” a researcher to an interviewer. “People to some chemicals those products when making them, but the chemicals can remain in the house and cause diseases and health problems.”,called on,_,production,_,decorated,_,ru

9、gs,_,step into,_,spotless,_,stuff,_,responded,_,incline,_,add,_,to,_,Video Clip,Group Discussion,Spot Dictation,Background Information,GR_Part Division.,Part Division of the Text,The text can be divided into 2 parts:,Part 1 (Paragraphs 1-7):,The story of my first encounter with Jack and how I found

10、him a very special taxi driver.,Part 2 (Paragraph 8):,A great truth Jack had hit on: we have by nature a sense of beauty, and are willing to do something to add to the beauty in our life.,Part Division of the Text,Further Understanding,GR_Further Understanding,Further Understanding,1. 2. 3.,Why was

11、the cab different? What did Jack do when each passenger got out? What does this detail show us about Jack? Why hadnt Jack ever been disappointed by people since 1987?,When each passenger got out, Jack checked to make sure that everything was in order for the next fare. This detail shows that Jack wa

12、s a very careful and industrious taxi driver.,Questions:,Because the cab was clean and decorated. The floor was covered with a rug. There were small reproductions of paintings by Van Gogh and Gauguin inside the cab. And the windows were spotless.,Further Understanding,Part Division of the Text,Becau

13、se he found that people appreciate beautiful things, and if the cab is made to be spotless and attractive, people will be inclined to keep it clean.,DR_text1-3_S,A Special Taxi,My friend, Jack, was a taxi driver. We became friends quite by accident. Five years ago, I made a trip to Chicago. After I

14、got out of OHare International Airport, I took a taxi to the Sears Tower. The moment I stepped into the cab, I realized it was different. The floor was covered with a rug. There were small reproductions of paintings by Van Gogh and Gauguin inside the cab. And the windows were spotless. I told the dr

15、iver I had never ridden in a more attractive taxi. “I like to hear my passengers say that,” he replied. “How long have you been decorating your cab?” I asked.,DR_text4-5_S,“Its not mine,” he said. “Its a company cab. I got the idea years ago when I had a job as a clean-up man for the taxi company. E

16、ach car that came in at the end of the day was like a garbage pit. Cigarette butts and matches covered the floor. Sticky stuff like peanut butter was on the seats or door handles. I thought that if the company and the drivers would give people a car worth keeping clean, they might be more considerat

17、e.” “As soon as I got my taxi license, I tried out my ideas. I put a lot of extra decorations into the cab they gave me to drive. I got a nice light rug and some flowers. When each passenger got out, I checked to make sure that everything was in order for the next fare. After about a month of my bri

18、nging in a spotless cab, the boss reserved the same car for me each day. That was when I put up the reproductions of great paintings.”,“How many years have you been a taxi driver?” I asked. “I started driving in 1987, and Ive never been disappointed by people in all that time. Ive never had to pick

19、up a single cigarette butt. No peanut butter or ends of ice-cream cones. No garbage. Like what I say, people appreciate beautiful things. If we planted more flowers and trees in the city and made the buildings more attractive, more people would be inclined to keep the city clean.” Later, we became g

20、ood friends. I was impressed by the taxi-driver, who had hit on a great truth, I thought. A sense of beauty comes with the gift of life. Most people dont have to be instructed about the rarity of beauty. They respond when they find it. And, if they are made to feel a part of it, they will try to add

21、 to it. (429 words),DR_text6-8_S,My friend, Jack, was a taxi driver. We became friends quite by accident. Five years ago, I made a trip to Chicago. After I got out of OHare International Airport, I took a taxi to the Sears Tower. The moment I stepped into the cab, I realized it was different. The fl

22、oor was covered with a rug. There were small reproductions of paintings by Van Gogh and Gauguin inside the cab. And the windows were spotless. I told the driver I had never ridden in a more attractive taxi. “I like to hear my passengers say that,” he replied. “How long have you been decorating your

23、cab?” I asked.,DR_text1-3_W,A Special Taxi,DR_text4-5_W,“Its not mine,” he said. “Its a company cab. I got the idea years ago when I had a job as a clean-up man for the taxi company. Each car that came in at the end of the day was like a garbage pit. Cigarette butts and matches covered the floor. St

24、icky stuff like peanut butter was on the seats or door handles. I thought that if the company and the drivers would give people a car worth keeping clean, they might be more considerate.” “As soon as I got my taxi license, I tried out my ideas. I put a lot of extra decorations into the cab they gave

25、 me to drive. I got a nice light rug and some flowers. When each passenger got out, I checked to make sure that everything was in order for the next fare. After about a month of my bringing in a spotless cab, the boss reserved the same car for me each day. That was when I put up the reproductions of

26、 great paintings.”,DR_text6-8_W,“How many years have you been a taxi driver?” I asked. “I started driving in 1987, and Ive never been disappointed by people in all that time. Ive never had to pick up a single cigarette butt. No peanut butter or ends of ice-cream cones. No garbage. Like what I say, p

27、eople appreciate beautiful things. If we planted more flowers and trees in the city and made the buildings more attractive, more people would be inclined to keep the city clean.” Later, we became good friends. I was impressed by the taxi-driver, who had hit on a great truth, I thought. A sense of be

28、auty comes with the gift of life. Most people dont have to be instructed about the rarity of beauty. They respond when they find it. And, if they are made to feel a part of it, they will try to add to it. (429 words),“Its not mine,” he said. “Its a company cab. I got the idea years ago when I had a

29、job as a clean-up man for the taxi company. Each car that came in at the end of the day was like a garbage pit. Cigarette butts and matches covered the floor. Sticky stuff like peanut butter was on the seats or door handles. I thought that if the company and the drivers would give people a car worth

30、 keeping clean, they might be more considerate.” “As soon as I got my taxi license, I tried out my ideas. I put a lot of extra decorations into the cab they gave me to drive. I got a nice light rug and some flowers. When each passenger got out, I checked to make sure that everything was in order for

31、 the next fare. After about a month of my bringing in a spotless cab, the boss reserved the same car for me each day. That was when I put up the reproductions of great paintings.”,DR_text 4-5_S_Each car ,所有车辆收工回来都脏得像个垃圾坑。,Sentence Translation:,When the taxicabs returned from work, they were all very

32、 dirty, filled with various wastes.,Sentence Paraphrase:,句子的主干是each carwas like a garbage pit。主语car后带了一个定语从句。注意这里的that不能省略，因为car在定语从句中作主语。当定语从句的先行词在从句中作主语时，关系代词不能省略。再看文中另一个句子：I put a lot of extra decorations into the cab they gave me to drive. 在这句中先行词cab在从句中作宾语，关系代词that可以省略。 介词like常引出明喻中的喻体，又如：,Stru

33、ctural Analysis:,The dictionary is like a teacher to me.,We interviewed many people for the job, but at the end of the day, we didnt think any of them could handle it.,At the end of the day, what matters is that youre safe.,对我来说，这本字典就像一位老师。,at the end of the day是固定短语，表示“最后”、“到头来”，或“最重要的”，又如：,为了这份工作，

34、我们面试了很多人，最后却发现他们都无法胜任。,最终，最重要的是你的安全。,“How many years have you been a taxi driver?” I asked. “I started driving in 1987, and Ive never been disappointed by people in all that time. Ive never had to pick up a single cigarette butt. No peanut butter or ends of ice-cream cones. No garbage. Like what I s

35、ay, people appreciate beautiful things. If we planted more flowers and trees in the city and made the buildings more attractive, more people would be inclined to keep the city clean.” Later, we became good friends. I was impressed by the taxi-driver, who had hit on a great truth, I thought. A sense

36、of beauty comes with the gift of life. Most people dont have to be instructed about the rarity of beauty. They respond when they find it. And, if they are made to feel a part of it, they will try to add to it. (429 words),DR_text6-8_S_ A sense ,人的美感与生俱来。,Sentence Translation:,People are born with th

37、e ability to feel and appreciate beautiful things.,Sentence Paraphrase:,这句话非常简洁地概括出一个很有哲理的观点。a sense of beauty表示“人对美的感受力”，gift意为“馈赠，礼物”，gift of life则指“人被赐予生命”。短语come with意为“随同而来”、“从开始”，或“与一同供应” 。如：,Structural Analysis:,Increase of traffic comes with new roads.,The car comes with an excellent stereo

38、system.,新路开出来以后，交通流量也随之增加。,该车原配一套优质的立体声音响系统。,My friend, Jack, was a taxi driver. We became friends quite by accident. Five years ago, I made a trip to Chicago. After I got out of OHare International Airport, I took a taxi to the Sears Tower. The moment I stepped into the cab, I realized it was diffe

39、rent. The floor was covered with a rug. There were small reproductions of paintings by Van Gogh and Gauguin inside the cab. And the windows were spotless. I told the driver I had never ridden in a more attractive taxi. “I like to hear my passengers say that,” he replied. “How long have you been deco

40、rating your cab?” I asked.,A Special Taxi,DR_text1-3_W_accident1,accident,Comparison,accident, incident accident 通常指不幸的意外事故，或偶然发生的事：,Ten people were killed in the railway accident.,The discovery was a happy accident.,十人丧生于这次火车事故。,这个发现是件意外之喜。,It is a quite common incident,这事很平常。,incident 可以表示平常发生的事情，

41、也可以表示国际政治中的事件或事变：,My friend, Jack, was a taxi driver. We became friends quite by accident. Five years ago, I made a trip to Chicago. After I got out of OHare International Airport, I took a taxi to the Sears Tower. The moment I stepped into the cab, I realized it was different. The floor was covered

42、 with a rug. There were small reproductions of paintings by Van Gogh and Gauguin inside the cab. And the windows were spotless. I told the driver I had never ridden in a more attractive taxi. “I like to hear my passengers say that,” he replied. “How long have you been decorating your cab?” I asked.,

43、A Special Taxi,DR_text1-3_W_accident2,Derivatives,accidental adj. 意外的，偶然的 accidentally adv.意外地，偶然地,Idiomatic Expression,Accidents will happen in the best regulated families.,家规再严，事端难免。,Useful Expressions,by accident偶然地 by accident of凭着的机遇（或运气） without accident顺利而安全地，安然无恙地,The Lugou Bridge Incident,

44、also known as the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, occurred on July 7, 1937.,卢沟桥事变又称“马可波罗桥事变”发生于1937年7月7日。,My friend, Jack, was a taxi driver. We became friends quite by accident. Five years ago, I made a trip to Chicago. After I got out of OHare International Airport, I took a taxi to the Sears Tower. T

45、he moment I stepped into the cab, I realized it was different. The floor was covered with a rug. There were small reproductions of paintings by Van Gogh and Gauguin inside the cab. And the windows were spotless. I told the driver I had never ridden in a more attractive taxi. “I like to hear my passe

46、ngers say that,” he replied. “How long have you been decorating your cab?” I asked.,A Special Taxi,DR_text1-3_W_trip1,trip,Comparison,journey, trip, tour, voyage, excursion, expedition, travel, cruise journey应用范围很广, 指“有预定地点的陆上、水上或空中的单程长、短途旅行”，一般来说，它着重指“长距离的陆上旅行”，如： trip为一般用语，指“任何方式的，从事业务或浏览的旅行”，往往着重

47、于“短途旅行”，在口语中可与journey互换 tour指“以游览、视察、购物等为目的的旅行”，常含有“最后返回出发地点”的意思，如：,He decided to make a journey to New York by air.,He made a trip to the West Lake yesterday.,他决定乘飞机去纽约。,昨天他去游览了西湖。,He is going to make a round-the-world tour.,他将做一次环球旅行。,My friend, Jack, was a taxi driver. We became friends quite by

48、accident. Five years ago, I made a trip to Chicago. After I got out of OHare International Airport, I took a taxi to the Sears Tower. The moment I stepped into the cab, I realized it was different. The floor was covered with a rug. There were small reproductions of paintings by Van Gogh and Gauguin

49、inside the cab. And the windows were spotless. I told the driver I had never ridden in a more attractive taxi. “I like to hear my passengers say that,” he replied. “How long have you been decorating your cab?” I asked.,A Special Taxi,DR_text1-3_W_trip2,Comparison,voyage 主要指“水上旅行”，也可指“空中旅行”，如： excurs

50、ion 指“娱乐性的短途旅行”，如： expedition 指“有特定目的的远征或探险”，如： travel 泛指“一地到另一地的旅行”，单、复数均可用：,He got seasick during the voyage.,Theyre going to make an expedition to the South Pole.,在航行中他晕船了。,他们将到南极探险。,His travels abroad provided lots of background material for novels he wrote.,She went on an excursion to the Chong

51、ming Island.,她去崇明岛游玩了。,国外旅行给他的小说提供了很多背景资料。,My friend, Jack, was a taxi driver. We became friends quite by accident. Five years ago, I made a trip to Chicago. After I got out of OHare International Airport, I took a taxi to the Sears Tower. The moment I stepped into the cab, I realized it was differe

52、nt. The floor was covered with a rug. There were small reproductions of paintings by Van Gogh and Gauguin inside the cab. And the windows were spotless. I told the driver I had never ridden in a more attractive taxi. “I like to hear my passengers say that,” he replied. “How long have you been decora

53、ting your cab?” I asked.,A Special Taxi,DR_text1-3_W_trip3,Collocation,make / have a trip to some place 去某地旅行,Jenny had / made a trip to the zoo.,珍妮去了动物园。,NB:,trip还可以作动词vt. / vi. “绊倒，摔倒；犯错”,I tripped over a stone on the ground and fell.,我被地上的一块石头绊倒了。,He tripped on that difficult question.,他答错了那道难题。,

54、Comparison,I have beautiful memories of the Three Gorges cruise on the Yangtze river.,长江三峡的游船之旅给我留下了美好的回忆。,cruise 主要指“乘船并在多处停靠的游览”：,My friend, Jack, was a taxi driver. We became friends quite by accident. Five years ago, I made a trip to Chicago. After I got out of OHare International Airport, I too

55、k a taxi to the Sears Tower. The moment I stepped into the cab, I realized it was different. The floor was covered with a rug. There were small reproductions of paintings by Van Gogh and Gauguin inside the cab. And the windows were spotless. I told the driver I had never ridden in a more attractive

56、taxi. “I like to hear my passengers say that,” he replied. “How long have you been decorating your cab?” I asked.,step by step 逐步地 step on it 赶快，加把劲，踩油门 step on ones toes 踩到某人的脚尖，得罪某人 take steps 采取措施,A Special Taxi,DR_text1-3_W_step,step,NB:,step的词性变化： n. / v.脚步，步骤；走，踏,Phrasal Verbs,step aside 让开 st

57、ep down 让位 step in 进入，介入,Mind your steps.,当心脚下。,She carefully followed every step in the instructions.,她仔细遵循说明书上的每一个步骤。,Dont step on the grass.,勿踏草坪。,Useful Expressions,My friend, Jack, was a taxi driver. We became friends quite by accident. Five years ago, I made a trip to Chicago. After I got out

58、of OHare International Airport, I took a taxi to the Sears Tower. The moment I stepped into the cab, I realized it was different. The floor was covered with a rug. There were small reproductions of paintings by Van Gogh and Gauguin inside the cab. And the windows were spotless. I told the driver I h

59、ad never ridden in a more attractive taxi. “I like to hear my passengers say that,” he replied. “How long have you been decorating your cab?” I asked.,A Special Taxi,DR_text1-3_W_reproduction,reproduction,Derivatives,produce producer product production productive productivity reproduce reproduction reproductive,NB:,注意produce的发音变化：作动词时重音在第二个音节 ，作名词时重音在第一个音节,v. / n.生产，引起；农作物 n.生产者；制片人 n.产品 n.生产，产品 adj.生产的，多产的 n.生产力 v.繁殖，复制，再生 n.繁殖，复制 adj.繁殖的，复