Hydrograph-Simulation-with-TOPMODEL基于TOPMODEL的水文模拟

1、Hydrograph Simulation with TOPMODEL,Geography 591: Watershed GIS Joel Sholtes,Hydrographs,peak discharge and stage volume of runoff speed of flood wave,Stream Restoration and Floods,Potential in reducing flood stage What restoration elements dissipate runoff energy or store flood waters? Is the scal

2、e of current restoration project adequate for this function?,Restoration Systems,Woltemeade 1994,Restoration Elements,NCEEP 2007,Flood Attenuation,Compare up with downstream hydrographs Reduced peaks Delayed Peaks,Anderson et al. 2003,Rainfall Runoff Modeling,Lumped Models Rational Method: Qpeak= CI

3、A USDA SCS Method Semi-Distributed Models TOPMODEL HEC-HMS Spatially Distributed Models Runoff calculations made at each pixel,,Semi-Distributed Models,HEC-HMS,US ACOE HEC 2003,TOPMODEL,Assumptions: The “dynamics of the statured zone can be approximated by steady state repres

4、entations”. The hydraulic gradient of the saturated zone is a factor of the local slope (tan, Darcys Law) Distribution of down slope transmissivity changes with depth is approximated by an exponential relationship with saturation deficit Si. (Beven 1997),TOPMODEL,Calculates surface runoff discharges

5、 for classes of wetness index values,Runoff (q) a function of local slope, soil transmissivity, and local saturation deficit.,Routes runoff linearly via stream length and velocity estimates,Stream Restoration Site,UT to Tick Creek, Chatham Co Drainage Area: 0.276 km,Raster Processing in TAS,20 x20 N

6、C FloodMap DEM,DEM Interpolation,Analysis for Error Patterns,Pit Removal,Raster Processing in TAS,DEMSCA WI,Un-named Tributary to Tick Creek,Data Input into TOPMODEL,WI Raster and histogram Stream Gage Data to compare to output (nearby USGS gage, discharge scaled by drainage area) Precipitation Reco

7、nstruction of hourly rainfall from nearby co-op station (Siler City Airport) Evapotranspiration from incoming solar radiation and latent heat of evaporation relationship. Channel Length and Velocity (routing),Discharge Hydrograph and Precipitation for Tick Creek flood event,USGS GAGE 02101800 - Drai

8、nage area: 40.14 km2 Chatham County, NC - Precipitation Data: Siler City Airpt.,Scaled Hydrologic Data,TOPMODEL Outputs,Saturated Area vs. Soil Transmissivity,Ln(To) = .01 Ln(To) = 1 Ln(To) = 6.58,Parameter Adjustments,M = 0.032 Ln(To) = 6.58 SrMax = 0.05 SrINI = 0,M = 0.032 Ln(To) = .01 SrMax = 0.0

9、5 SrINI = 0,M = 0.002 Ln(To) = .01 SrMax = 0.05 SrINI = 0,Conclusions,Local, site specific discharge data is necessary to properly calibrate TOPMODEL TOPMODEL is appropriate for modeling runoff in small catchments with quick runoff/discharge response times Hydrograph properties are sensitive to Ln(T

10、o) changes infiltration capacity of catchements soils “m” determines how quickly runoff leaves soil in cathcment and drains to channel Channel Velocity alters runoff routing,References & Data Sources,ANDERSON, B. G., I. D. Rutherford, and A. W. Western. 2006. An analysis of the influence of riparian

11、 vegetation on the propagation of flood waves. Environmental Modelling& Software 21, (9): 1290-6. Beven., K. 1997. TOPMODEL: A critique. Hydrological Processes 11, 1069-1085. North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement Program. 2007. Restoration Project Monitoring Reports. . Accessed April 12, 2008. State

12、Climate Office of NC. NC CRONOS Database. Siler City ECONET tower. /cronos/?station=SILR. Accessed April 27, 2008. US ACOE. Hydrological Engineering Center. 2003. Hydrological Modeling System (HEC-HMS). Users Manual. V. 3.1.1. USGS. National Water Information System: Web Interface. Stream Gauge 02101800 TICK CREEK. Accessed April