10第十单元 旅游资料（12页）

1、10第十单元 旅游资料（12页） 第十单元 旅游资料旅游资料中存在着大量的文化因素，这一点早已引起学者的关注。由于每个国家或民族的文化发展道路不同，各国旅游景点所展示的旅游资料必然会带有各自的文化特色。中国与西方国家是不同语种的国度，其文化差异就更大、更明显，因而旅游资料中的文化因素往往会给外国游客造成理解障碍。张宁在“旅游资料翻译中的文化思考”（2000）一文中把旅游资料中的文化文化因素归纳为下述几个方面：（1）历史典故（historical allusions）； （2）宗教信仰（religious beliefs）；（3）园林艺术（gardening / horticulture）；（4

2、）民族风情（cultures and customs of the ethnic minorities）；（5）风味饮食（local delicacy）。因此，翻译人员采取适当的翻译策略，把这些文化信息从原文转移到译文，帮助外国游客来阅读理解。th旅游翻译不仅要忠实于原文，而且要言简意赅，文情相生，渗透其中幽微。旅游资料中的文化因素往往会给外国游客的阅读活动造成理解障碍。文化因素的处理要遵循两个原则，即“以原语文化为基础，以译语读者为导向”。所谓以原语文化为基准，就是要尽量保留原语文化信息，从而促进文化交流；所谓以译语读者为导向，则是指旅游资料翻译既要忠实于原文，又不拘泥于原文。根据实际情况对

3、原文作适当调整，采用不同的翻译方法来弥补文化差异而给外国游客造成的理解障碍。第19课 英语旅游资料汉译英汉对比赏析一、英语原文The Real LondonBy Roger Mason1 London is bigger, dirtier and more crowded than one would imagine from the descriptions in many magazines and books. It has around 8 million inhabitants and sprawls over a huge area, mostly of suburbs where

4、 tourists seldom go. The city streets are narrow and often blocked by traffic. Most of the famous buildings are quite far apart, separated by rows of drab, ordinary buildings. We have no public space as impressive as Beijings Tiananmen Square or Paris Place de la Concorde, no ceremonial way as grand

5、 as Washingtons Pennsylvania Avenue. And in a recent BBC poll, Buckingham Palace was voted one of the ten ugliest buildings in Britain. But an awesome crowed of workers walk over London Bridge every weekday morning on their way to toil in one of the worlds major financial districts, and there is a m

6、odern commercial development at Docklands with skyscrapers to rival those in Pudong. We have the largest and finest selection of theaters in the world, recently jointed by a faithful reconstruction of Shakespeares Globe Theatre. It is built of wood with a thatched roof and has no electricity, so per

7、formances can only take place in summer daylight, as in the Bards day.2 Myths about London persist in China and other countries. As Mrs. Thatcher told everyone during her visit to Beijing, London isnt foggy. The fog disappeared fifty years ago when homes, factories and railway engines stopped burnin

8、g coal. Despite their traditional uniforms, police officers will laugh if you call them “bobbies”. We call them “the Bill” or “the Plod” and they have two-way radios, travel by car and maybe armed with guns. They are still polite to tourists and will give directions if you really are lost. If they e

9、ver existed, the warm-hearted Cockneys in the movies also went away at about the same time as the fogs. Slum houses were pulled down and their inhabitants moved to council flats (rented apartments provided by the local government) or the suburbs. Nowadays the people who live in downtown London are a

10、s varied as those of New York and Paris. We have the largest, most colourful street carnival outside South America, but also gangsters, drug abuse and racial hatred. More and more pubs (friendly neighbourhood bars that serve alcohol) are being converted into fast-food restaurants, shops and offices.

11、3 There is a small Chinatown at the heart of the theatre and cinema district in Soho. A pedestrian street has Chinese gateways given by the Hong Kong business community, plus traditional lion statues and a monument. Shops and restaurants supply mixtures of Chinese and western food, the more genuine

12、ones with menus in Chinese as well as English, but most customers eat with a knife and fork. Until a few years ago Chinatown residents spoke Cantonese but nowadays you are likely to hear Mandarin as well. Travel agents advertise tours to Beijing and the Great Wall and one shop specializes in Shaolin

13、 kung fu equipment. Each year at the Spring Festival, Londons Chinese Culture Association hosts a celebration in nearby Leicester Square with Chinese music, dancing and martial arts that attracts crowds of visitors and is featured on the local TV news.4 You have to search to find Londons true deligh

14、ts. Down one ordinary street you will come upon a genuine Shakespearean pub that still serves beer. You can also find, among the new offices of the financial district, the building where Dr. Samuel Johnson (17091784) once lived and compiled the first authoritative English dictionary. You can visit a

15、 tiny museum displaying one of the finest collections of Chinese ceramics in the world, an old bookshop that might come straight out of a Dickens novel and the house where John Keats (17951821) wrote his “Ode to a Nightingale”. And there are odder things, such as the unchanged Victorian lecture room

16、 where Darwin presented his theory of evolution to the world, a white marble Hindu temple in a suburb by the ring road, and the skeleton of the utilitarian political philosopher Jeremy Bentham (17481832）sitting in his chair and dressed in his clothes, displayed to the public at his own request. If y

17、ou visit London, try to see some of these things as well as the famous sights. You may need the help of a native guide! （选自北京青年报，2001年1月25日）注释：1. Roger Mason：罗杰梅森，英国地质学家，曾在xx大学任教2. sprawl：分布3. Place de la Concorde：（法国巴黎）协和广场4. Pennsylvania Avenue：（美国华盛顿）宾夕法尼亚大街5. poll：民意测验，问卷调查6. Buckingham Palace：白

18、金汉宫7. dockland：码头区8. rival：比得上，相媲美9. selection：可供选择之物10. Globe Theatre：全球剧场11. thatched roof：用茅草铺成的屋顶12. the Bards day：诗人莎翁在世的时候13. persist：坚持，长盛不衰14. Mrs. Thatcher：撒切尔夫人（英国前首相）15. bobby：英国人早年对警察的称呼16. two-way radio：对讲机17. Cockney：伦敦佬，伦敦东区的人18. council flat：政府公寓（由当地政府出资兴建并出租的公寓）19. street carnival：街

19、道狂欢节庆祝活动20. Soho：索霍21. gateway：牌楼22. Cantonese：广东话23. Mandarin：普通话24. Londons Chinese Culture Association：伦敦中国文化协会25. Leicester Square：雷斯特广场26. Dr. Samuel Johnson：塞缪尔约翰逊博士（英国第一部权威英文词典的作者）27. John Keats：约翰济慈（英国诗人）28. Ode to a Nightingale：夜莺颂29. Victorian lecture room：维多利亚演讲堂30. utilitarian：功利主义的31. J

20、eremy Bentham：杰里米本瑟姆（英国功利主义政治哲学家）二、汉语译文真正的伦敦罗杰梅森【1】与人们在阅读了书籍杂志的介绍后而想象出的伦敦相比，伦敦其实更大、更脏，也更拥挤。伦敦有大约800万居民，分布在很大的区域，大部分是游客罕至的郊区。城里的街道很窄，而且常常堵车。那些著名的建筑多数都相距很远，中间隔着一排排单调普通的楼房。那里没有像北京天安门广场或巴黎协和广场那样雄伟的公共场所，也没有像华盛顿宾夕法尼亚大街那样可举行庆典的宽阔街道。在英国广播公司最近所做的一次问卷调查中，白金汉宫被选为全英国最丑陋的十大建筑之一。但是每个工作日的早晨，蜂拥而来的人们走过伦敦桥，到世界上最大的金融中

21、心之一去开始辛勤工作的一天；而在码头区则发展起了现代化的商业区，那里的摩天大楼可与上海的浦东竞相媲美。那里有世界上最大最好的剧院供人们选择，最近又增加了一座专门用于上演莎士比亚戏剧的仿古型“全球剧院”。整个建筑是木架结构，屋顶铺的是茅草，而且里面没有电气设施，因此演出只能在夏季的白天进行。这和诗人莎翁在世时的情况一样。【2】关于伦敦的传说在中国和其他国家长盛不衰。正如撒切尔夫人访问北京时所告诉大家的，伦敦不再有雾了。早在50年前，当住宅、工厂和火车停止烧煤之后，雾就消失了。警察们尽管还穿着传统的制服，但如果你用早年的称呼“bobbies”和他们打招呼，他们会笑你，因为我们现在称警察为“the

22、Bill”或是“the Plod”。警察配备了对讲机，乘坐汽车巡逻，也可能带着枪。他们对旅游者依然彬彬有礼。假如你真的迷了路，他们会给你指路。电影里那些热心肠的“伦敦佬”倘若确实存在过的话，也在浓雾消失的同一年代不见了。贫民窟已被拆除，原来的居民搬进了政府公寓（由当地政府出资兴建并出租的公寓）或是迁到了郊区。如今，居住在伦敦城里的人也像纽约人和巴黎人那样非常混杂。那里有仅次于南美洲的最大最亮丽的街道狂欢节庆祝活动，但也有歹徒、吸毒和种族歧视现象。越累越多的酒吧（礼貌待客的邻里酒馆）正在消失，原来的铺面被被改成了快餐店、商店或办事处。【3】在索霍的影剧院区域中心有一个小小的中国城。那是一条步行街

23、，街上有香港商界捐赠的中国式牌楼还有传统的狮子雕像和纪念碑。商店和餐馆供应中西合璧的食品。那些更正宗的中国餐馆，其菜谱则用中文和英文书写，但多数顾客都用刀叉吃饭。几年前这儿的中国人只说广东话，而现在你有可能也听到人们讲普通话。各旅行社贴着去北京和长城旅游的海报。有一家商店还专门出售少林功夫的行头。每年春节，伦敦中国文化协会都在附近的雷斯特广场举行庆祝会，表演中国民族音乐、舞蹈和武术，吸引了许多人驻足观赏，当地的电视台也进行报道。【4】若想发现伦敦真正的乐趣所在，你必须细细搜寻。走在一条普通的街道上你会发现一家真正的莎士比亚时代的酒馆如今还在卖啤酒给人们喝。在金融区的新办公楼群中，你会找到塞缪尔

24、约翰逊博士（17091784）曾经居住过的房子，他就是在那里编写出了第一部权威的英文词典。你可以参观一个小小的博物馆，那里展示的可是中国陶瓷的全球最佳收藏之一；或者到一家老式书店逛一逛，它跟狄更斯小说中所描写的书店一模一样；要么就去诗人济慈（17951821）当年写下夜莺颂的房子看一看。还有很多更为奇特的东西，例如，当年达尔文向世界宣讲他的进化论的维多利亚演讲堂至今仍风采依旧；一座白色大理石印度庙宇坐落在郊区环路旁；还有功利主义政治哲学家杰里米本瑟姆（17481832）的骨架，依然穿着当年的衣服，坐在当年的椅子上，是按照他本人生前的要求向公众展示的。倘若你去伦敦游览，在参观著名景观的同时，也要

25、设法到这些地方去走走看看。不过，你可能需要一名当地导游来帮助你。（译者 佚名）三、原文与译文对比赏析1. 思考题（1）这篇旅游资料的主旨大意是什么？（2）译文是否准确传达了原文的主旨大意？（3）原文的语篇结构有什么特点？译文中是否保留了这个特点？（4）译文是否保留了原文的文体风格？（5）为使译文符合译入语的表达习惯，译者采用了哪些翻译技巧？（6）第1段第5、8句在译文中改换了主语，为什么会这样做？（7）第2段第3句的译文调整了语序，这体现了汉语句子怎样的结构特点？（8）第2段第4句句首的介词短语在译文中曾译了动词，这体现了汉语怎样的特点？（9）第3段第2句的译文体现了汉语句子怎样的结构特点？2

26、. 参照思考题写一篇简短的赏析文章。英汉翻译实践Maya, Away From Crowds (Excerpt)Central American is home to many secret treasures for tourists who like to avoid the crowds, including numerous ancient Maya settlements.The seven countries of Central AmericanGuatemala, Panama, Belize, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua and Cost

27、a Ricaare full of natural beauty and cultural treasures. Many of the regions nature reserves, ancient Maya settlements and colonial cities have been declared world cultural heritage sites by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.There are lots of volcanoes and an exoti

28、c animal kingdom to explore, yet few people outside the region know of them. The view into the crater of the Masaya Volcano in Nicaragua is a breathtaking experience, enlivened by the accompanying strong smell of sulphur and the loud screaming of parrots. Yet the car park on the edge of the crater i

29、s nearly empty. This is the boon for daring travelers who can enjoy all the beauty without having to share it with hordes of other visitors.El Salvador has a “road of flowers”, and Nicaragua has a “road of white villages” connecting villages from the colonial period. Honduras is developing a means o

30、f connecting the native American communities on the Atlantic coast from the Garifuna, descendents of the Carribean Indians and Africans, to the Miskito Indians in the jungle.Geological enthusiasts could also follow a volcanic trail through Central American. There are many volcanoes in just a small a

31、rea, some with perfectly cone-shaped peaks constantly emitting smoke from their craters. Some of them are partially accessible. （选自英语文摘，2002年第1期）The AmazonThe worlds rainforests cover less than ten percent of the earths surface, but contain over forty percent of all plant and animal species. The big

32、gest rainforest is in South America, which is called the Amazon.Amazon is by far the largest remaining rainforest area left on our planet. Its about 6 to 7 million square kilometers, about two-thirds the size of the United States including Alaska. Sixty percent of it is in Brazil, but the rainforest

33、 also extends to Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Columbia, Venezuela, French Guiana and Suriname. And amazingly each year the Amazon provides twenty percent of the worlds fresh water. Here you can find at least 60-70 thousand plant species and at least 3 thousand species of fresh water fish. And more monkey

34、s than you find anywhere else on earth. In Brazil alone nine new species of monkeys have been identified last year.But many of those species, known and unknown, are destroyed every day. Constant logging, mining and cattle ranching are stripping the jungles clean.“Weve already lost over 50 percent of

35、 the rainforest that existed at the turn of the last century. And if current trends continue we stand to lose a very large percentage of the life forms that share the planet with us.” Scientists like Dr. Mittermeier and Conservation International are trying to make a difference. “The most important

36、thing that our organization does is working with local people, with local indigenous communities to demonstrate that conservation can provide benefits to local people, to local communities.” This in turn helps government officials to become aware of the amazing aspects of the Amazon, including the d

37、iscovery of some of the most incredible creatures known to man. （选自英语沙龙2003年第7期）第20课 汉语旅游资料英译汉英对比赏析一、汉语原文黄龙奇观佚名【1】在四川西部，有一美妙的去处。它背倚岷山主峰雪宝顶，树木苍翠，花香袭人，鸟声婉转，流水潺潺。这就是松潘县的黄龙。【2】相传在中国古代，洪水肆虐，人民苦不堪言。大禹决心治水，但船不能行，有黄龙来为他负舟，于是导水成功。黄龙疲惫，未及回归大海，死于岷山之下，因而其地就称为黄龙。【3】黄龙风景，自海拔3600米处，沿山谷而下，逶迤3.5公里，地上覆盖着一层淡黄色碳酸钙沉淀，形成

38、大大小小的众多水池，状如梯田。池水澄清，呈淡蓝、淡绿各色。远看宛如黄龙仰卧，粼光闪闪。两旁森林，全是高达云杉。林间地上，多奇花异草，或蓝或白，或红或紫，灿烂如缤纷。【4】山谷顶端，残留着一座道教建筑，名“黄龙古寺”。据松潘县志记载，该寺建于明代（公元13681644年）。寺前有一溶洞，深邃莫测。寺后有一石碑，除碑檐外，几乎全被碳酸钙沉淀淹没，碑文已不可辨认。看来，这400年来的沉积速度是相当可观的。每年农历六月为黄龙寺庙会期，方圆几百里乃至青海、甘肃的藏、羌、回、汉各族人民也前来赶会。届时，帐篷连营，人马喧腾，歌舞相杂，十分热闹。【5】据科学工作者考察，这里的山体系石灰岩地质，黄龙景观实为岩溶

39、地貌。在中国，岩溶地貌形成的绮丽景色着实不少，有名的如桂林山水、云南石林，然而它们的风貌都与黄龙迥异。【6】在黄龙附近的林区，还栖息着大熊猫、扭角羚、虹稚等珍贵动物。【7】如今，国家拟将黄龙划入它北面的九寨沟自然保护区，统一管理，以保护自然生态，开展科学研究和供人们游览。（选自译林出版社散文佳作108篇（英汉汉英对照），2003）注释：1. 奇观： a spectacular view2. 去处：a scenic spot3. 背倚：situated beneath4. 树木苍翠：exuberant trees5. 流水潺潺：a babbling stream6. 相传：Legend has

40、it that.7. 洪水肆虐：rampant flood8. 大禹：Yu the Great9. 逶迤：spread for as far as 10. 碳酸钙：calcium carbonate11. 奇花异草：exotic flowers and rare herbs12. 灿烂如缤纷：a dazzling sight13. 深邃莫测：be of immeasurable depth14. 淹没：be buried by sth. （不可译作be flooded）15. 庙会：a temple fair16. 喧腾：be bustling with activity17. 石灰岩地质：a

41、 limestone composition18. 岩溶地貌：a geological formation unique to a karst region二、英语译文A Spectacular View of HuanglongAnonymous1 In the west of Sichuan Province, there is a scenic spot named Huanglong (Yellow Dragon). Situated beneath Xuebao Peak of Minshan Mountains in Songpan Country, it is a wonderl

42、and where you can enjoy exuberant trees, fragrant flowers, singing birds and babbling streams.2 Legend has it that in ancient China, rampant floods brought about untold misery and hardship to the people. Yu the Great made up his mind to bring the waters under control. He journeyed inland in a boat,

43、but was stopped halfway by the torrential current. Fortunately, a yellow dragon came and bore the boat upstream. After years of persevering work, Yu succeeded in taming the waters. However, the dragon was too exhausted to return to the sea, and died at the foot of Xuebao Peak. Thus the place was nam

44、ed Huanglong.3 The scenery starts from a place 3,600 meters above sea level, spreading for as far as 3.5km along a winding slope covered with yellowish calcium carbonate. With numerous water pools, large and small, formed on its surface, the slope looks like a long stretch of terraced fields. Viewin

45、g from a distance, you can imagine that a yellow dragon is lying on the hillside, its green or blue scales shining in the sun. The dragon is flanked by tall spruce trees, beneath which there are exotic flowers and rare herbs in blue, white , red and purple. A dazzling sight, indeed!4 On top of the h

46、ill stands the remains of the Huanglong Monastery，a Taoist retreat that, according to the countys annals, was built in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). In front of the monastery, there lies a karst cave of immeasurable depth, while behind it, there is a stone tablet. All but the top of the tablet has b

47、een buried in calcium carbonate, so that the inscriptions are unreadable now. From this, you may come to realize how fast the sedimentation was during these 400 years.5 Every year in the sixth lunar month, a temple fair is held here. The local people for hundreds of kilometers around, as well as Tib

48、etan, Qiang, Hui and Han visitors from Qinghai and Gansu, travel on horseback to the fair. On these occasions, the place is bustling with activity. People set up tents and celebrate with songs and dances far into the night.6 Scientific investigations prove that the mountains here are of a limestone

49、composition, and that the Yellow Dragon is actually a geological formation unique to a karst region. In China, there are quite some splendid landscapes formed by karst structures, such as the Guilin Landscape in Guangxi and the Stone Forest in Yunnan, each with a distinctive feature, however.7 In th

50、e nearby forest, giant pandas, takins and pheasants make their homes together with many other rare species of birds and animals. At present, the State is planning to incorporate Huanglong into the Jiuzhaigou Natural Reserve (a preservation zone to the north) in order to protect the ecology of the whole area, to carry