2015届考前解题指导参考课件.ppt

1、决胜2015届高考,高考英语考前指导,1,2,3,4,5,考试时间节点 2:45 (进场完毕) 2:50 (发答题卡/试音) 2:55（按座位发试卷） 3:00（听力） 3:20（单选） 3:30（完形） 3:42（阅读A篇） 3:50（阅读B篇） 4:00（阅读C篇） 4:10 （阅读D篇） 4:20（任务型） 4:35（作文） 5:00（交卷）,6,听力 平心静气，心态很重要； 听前预读题目，猜测考点； 听中简略记录，准确答题； 听后认真检查，核对答案。 （切忌不先看题目就盲目听题）,7,fourteen forty quarter, half, most two thirds, 30%,

2、 two point two some, about, around, approximately, or so over, more than，less than plus, minus, times, divided by two to two, two past two, two thirty second, minute, hour, day, week, fortnight, month, year, decade, century,听力过程中需注意的词或语音语调：,8,播放试音时， 迅速适应播音者的语音语速。 在进入考试后，根据历年情况，考生在前五个听力小题上失分过多。真正的原因在

3、于，这些题只读一遍，考生心神不定，第1个听不清，稍作迟疑，第2个又过去了。因此，最好的办法是，听清一个做一个，不在听不清处纠缠；不求全部拿下，但求能拿下的必须拿下。这样，你就会尽可能多得分。15不紧张，68不放松，910紧跟上，要顾后。 总之， 考听力要充分利用听录音前的时间和听各段对话之间的停顿时间速读一遍题目和全部选项，然后边听、边理解、边记录（关键词或数据）、边推测、边选择。在听语篇时要抓住要素即人物、事件、时间、地点，以便较好地理解和回忆全“篇”故事，保持良好的心态，切忌因急躁而影响听后面的内容。读题适度超前。,9,相信第一感觉，当机立断，决不能反反复复，不可因一题失多题，影响后面的答

4、题。,应试要点：,10,1. 分析句子结构,2. 注重意群理解,单项填空,11,解题策略：,12,（一）句型的转换引起的干扰： 对策：运用还原法,再现真面目。 主要用来解决一些非正常语序的题目，如：被动句、疑问句、感叹句、倒装句、省略句、定语从句 1. Much disappointed as he is _ in the job interview, he still keeps his confidence. A. to have failed B. failed C. having failed D. failing 2. It was Tropical Storm Washi of P

5、hilippines on December 19, 2011 caused the floods killed more than 684 people. A. when; thatB. that; when C. when; whenD. that; that,A,D,13,插入成分干扰 主要是利用插入语，增加句子的复杂 程度，从而达到干扰考生视线的目的。 对 策：去掉插入成分 3. Her father denies everything to her, though he is a millionaire, _ her live on her own labor. A. makingB

6、. not making C. to makeD. not to make,C,14,省略句干扰 对策：补充省略成分，确定正确选择,5. - What made you so happy ? -_. A. Because of my passing the exam. B. I passed the exam. C. Because I passed the exam. D. My passing the exam.,(made me so happy),D,15,(二）思维定势干扰 对策：运用固定词组 ；分析句子结构 8. Nowadays, _ go out to meet people

7、in person, there seems to be a growing tendency to socialize with others via electronic devices in the home. other thanB. less than C. rather thanD. more than,C,16,12. They insisted that the cruel woman _ thrown into prison. A. refers to B. referred to be C. referred to beingD. refers to be 13. Here

8、 is so big a stone _ no one can move Athat Bwhich Cas Das to,They insisted that the cruel woman (referred to ) (should)be thrown into prison.,B,C,( Here is so big a stone _ no one can move it.),A,17,(三) 排除母语或文化差异的干扰 对策: 了解西方文化背景,风俗和思维习惯,7. - Id like to invite you to dinner this Saturday, Mr Smith. -

9、 _. Oh, no. Lets not. Id rather stay at home C. Im very sorry, but I have other plans D. Oh, no. Thatll be too much trouble.,C,18,（四）标点符号干扰 标点符号在英语句式中的配合作用是不容忽视的，从英语的句型结构这一角度来看，它甚至是起着决定性的作用它决定着句子的单复形式，决定着选词造句等 其他诸多问题。 对策：看清标点，尤其是分号和逗号。,4. _; I had to walk home A. There was no bus B. There being no b

10、us C. There were no buses D. There was no a bus,A,19,单项填空 仔细看题干, 找出主干，删去干扰成分。 含两个空的题, 先确定有把握的那一个。 不好判断题可采用排除法。 单选的重点在动词, 注意时态和语态,情态动词, 非谓语动词的使用及短语动词的辨析。 疑问句变为陈述句, 被动变为主动, 省略还原成完整结构, 倒装还原成正常语序，将插入成分去掉。,Conclusion,20,完形填空 注意:四个选择项要根据内容选一个最合适的。,选择时要运用直接法、排除法和比较法。 所谓直接法，就是一眼能够看出题目的答案，就直接选择； 所谓排除法，就是对于有些

11、拿不准的选项，首先将确认错误的选项逐一排除，最后得出正确答案； 所谓比较法，就是运用联想记忆，将考点与老师讲的内容进行比较，应该说两者之间肯定有相同或相似之处，需要将学过的知识进行迁移，并且与考查的知识点进行比较对照，最终找出正确答案。,21,（一）遵循三个步骤,1.通读全文，掌握主旨 2.瞻前顾后，细心选项 3.认真复读，核实答案,（二）明确考查内容,1.整体理解 2.词语用法 3.句法结构,22,解题技巧 1. 细读首句，把握主题。 首句是了解文章全貌的窗口，利用首句的标示作 用，可以找到做题的突破口。,2. 根据上下文语境，寻找正确答案。 充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到具有暗示性 的

12、词或句，并以此为依据进行选择。,23,3.弄清句意，寻找固定搭配。 固定搭配 是历年完形填空的一个重要考点.,4.词义辨析，推出合理答案。 一般是给出几个意思相近的词，要求考生根据文章意思选出最合适的词。这就要根据上下文进行判断，找到相关的对应点。,24,1) , because the earth _2_ twenty-four time zones, one hour apart. A. gives B. is C. is divided into D. shows 2) There，1350 feet above the street, a _ figure was walking on

13、 the air. A. great B. strange C. public D. tiny,5. 充分利用生活常识以及相关知识。,25,6.利用语篇标志词，寻求突破口。 语篇标志词是指能表明各个句群或段落之间内在联系的词语，如 （1）表示结构层次的语篇标志词有firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally等; （2）表示逻辑关系的有：therefore, so, thus, but, however等； （3）表示递进关系的有：even, besides, whats more, furthermore等； （4）表示时间关系的有：before, after, so

14、 far等； （5）表示选择关系的有：or,whetheror等。,26,最后要通读一遍，使答案填入后的句子在结构和意思都能上下连贯。,先易后难法。 做题时，顺着文章思路和对文章的理解，先易后难地解题。将当时不会的问题留下，全文做完后回头补上。,Attention,27,阅读理解 I. 14年高考分析 1. 2014年阅读理解题型的设计风格与2013年基本相同，四篇文章篇幅仍然比较长，D篇阅读仍然设置了六道题。 2. 阅读理解所选的四篇文章阅读量大，需要学生有较强的基本功和快速阅读的能力。 3. 高考阅读理解题型主要以细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、词义猜测题、语篇结构题等为主。2013年

15、阅读来说,推断题为5个, 细节理解9个; 而2014年推断题上升为6道题, 细节理解题8个.,28,4. 四篇文章总体来说都比较温和，比较亲切，可读性较强，绝大部分考生都能读懂，但是题目需要斟酌，有的题目很有深度。 5. 2014年的D篇是一篇有关社会生活的记叙文，讲述了一位华裔母亲写给女儿的一封信。该篇文章较长，语篇长度与2013年相当，但文本不难，内容较简单，虽然题目较多，也有一定深度，但难度不大，较13年明显降低。,29,【例1】 So I did what any good mother would do : I marked the date on the back of the p

16、ictures and slid them into our family vacation photo album right after the five pages of ice sculptures I took last year on our cruise to the Bahamas. （苏锡常二模） 64. What can we infer from this passage ? A. Age and gender play an important role in ones vision of the world. B. The authors friend is a be

17、tter mum in terms of educating children. C. The author will allow her son more freedom to choose in his future life. D. The author will take vacation pictures of different kind from her past ones.,C,30,【例2】 Here we have two different explanations. The problem for us is to sort out which of these two

18、 polar explanations is more reasonable. This is the problem of modern sociobiology to discover how hard-wired genetic programming decides the interaction of animals and humans with their environment, that is, their behaviour. Put another way, sociobiology is concerned with explaining the biological

19、basis of all behaviour. （苏锡常二模） 65. Why did Milgram do the experiment? A. To discover peoples willingness for orders from leaders. B. To display the power of punishment on ability to learn. C. To test peoples willingness to sacrifice for science. D. To explore the biological basis of social behavior

20、.,D,31,启示一： 1. 不是把文章从头到尾全部看懂就能阅读理解做好，更 不是把阅读理解整篇地翻译出来就能做对题目； 2. 看完文章不宜马上就做题，闭上眼睛想一想作者写这 篇文章的目的, 意图、打算,以及文章对我们的启示是 什么。 阅读理解的题目多半是围绕文章的主旨而出的题; 特别是语篇分析，除了归纳小结，一定要深思文章的内涵。,32,【例3】 Scott wants Wal-Mart to do its part too. He has promised to cut the existing greenhouse-gas emissions over the next few year

21、s and promised to construct new stores that are more efficient. He wants Wal-Marts fleet (车队) of more than 7, 000 trucks to get twice as many miles per gallon by 2015. Factories that show Wal-Mart theyre cutting air pollution will get preferential treatment in the supply chain. Wal-Mart says its wor

22、king with consumer-product manufacturers to reduce their packaging and will reward them if they do so. (限时专练五）,33,30. What will Wal-Mart probably do in the future? A. Reduce air pollution in its present stores. B. Give favorable treatment to its consumers. C. Ask the factories to reduce their packag

23、ing. D. Demand the fleet of trucks to use more fuel than before.,A,34,【例4】 Another study reveals that we are naturally creative and as we grow up we learn to be uncreative. Creativity is a skill that can be developed and a process that can be managed. Creativity begins with a basis of knowledge, lea

24、rning a discipline, and mastering a way of thinking. You learn to be creative by experimenting, exploring, questioning assumption, using imagination and synthesing (综合) information. Learning to be creative is similar to learning a sport. It requires practice to develop the right muscles.(南通三模）,35,59

25、. Why does the writer refer to learning a sport? A. To claim that people are not born creative. B. To illustrate the difficulty of acquiring creativity. C. To prove that creativity begins with knowledge. D. To show the relation between creativity and sports. 启示二： 时刻记住：文章的中心、主旨； 段落也有它的主题，抓住主题句是关键，其它内

26、容均是为主题句服务。,A,36,【例5】 Jerry was the kind of guy you love to hate from the bottom of your heart, for he was always in a good mood and always had something positive to say. When asked how he was able to do so, he would reply, “If I were any better, I would be twins!”（限时专练七） 32. By saying “If I were any

27、 better, I would be twins” ， Jerry means that _. A. he felt depressed in life B. he was content with his life C. he regretted not having a twin brother D. he attempted to live as good a life as his twin brother,B,37,【例6】 Say you intend to watch a football match but the tickets are expensive and it w

28、ill take you a couple of hours to get to and from the stadium. Why not, you might reason, watch the game from home and use the leftover money and time to have dinner with friends? This the alternative use of your cash and time is the opportunity cost.（2014江苏卷） 59. The “leftover . time” in Paragraph

29、3 probably refers to the time _. A. spared for watching the match at home B. taken to have dinner with friends C. spent on the way to and from the match D. saved from not going to watch the match,C,38,启示三： 词义猜测，句意理解，不要只盯着划线词句本身，多看看前后，甚至整段内容，把握段意。,39,阅读顺序先读文章？还是先读题？,A.正常文体采用传统的三步曲： 第一步：读文章 第二步：做题目 第三

30、步：有拿不准的再回头读文章 有的时候还可能重复循环下去，这种做题准确率较高，缺点是速度慢，效率很低。 B.针对应用文体（广告，说明书等）: 先浏览题，记住大致考点，再读文章，划下重点位置，最后做题。 直接从问题入手，边读题边到前面的文章中寻找答案。 C.最最重要的是: 把握文章主旨; 看懂题目; 理解题干.准确理解选项的意思(适用于细节理解题),40,任务型阅读指导,41,解题步骤一,浏览表格，理清脉络； 通读全文，掌握大意,标题先看、易题先做,42,解题步骤二,划分段落，对照表格 确认细节，找出关键词(句),易题先做,43,解题步骤三,整合信息，填写表格 确保形式、语法正确,44,根据表格填

31、词：对比表格信息Words filled based on the form,similarities advantages strengths directly,differences,disadvantages,weaknesses,indirectly,参阅一本通 P37 相关词汇 零距离P226-227,45,常见概括性词,significance importance,advantages disadvantages,differences similarities,优劣,异同,意义,观点,opinion (of/on/ about) view (on/about) attitude

32、 (to/towards),reason (for) cause (of),result effect consequence,measure solution way method,原因,方法,结果,目的,aim purpose (with the intention / purpose / aim),强/弱项,strengths weaknesses,信息归纳题,解题技巧：,结论,conclusion,建议,suggestion (for/ about/ on) advice (on / about) tip (on / for),46,Rules for different types

33、of passages,Title Theme / Topic Present / Current situation A common phenomenon / Problems with Different attitudes to/towards an issue Supporting details/detailed information Ways/How to solve the problem Approaches to solving Solution to the problem Suggestions / advice / tips offered / given Conc

34、lusion,议论文,47,Rules for different types of passages,Name Age Sex Birthplace Nationality Education Life stories / experiences Contributions / Achievements Influence,人物介绍,48,Location (be located / situated in / lie in) Origin (be originally called) Size (cover an area of) Population (with a growing/an

35、 increasing population of) Fame (be famous for / historic sites / scenic spots / places of interest / tourist attraction / tourist destination) History Development (economy / culture) Influence Future,城市、机构、建筑物等,49,Rules for different types of passages,Brand Type Characteristics/features Functions A

36、dvantages (over other products) Benefits (be beneficial to),产品介绍,50,先读表格，了解文章结构,再读文章，对照表格中关键词 定位文中相关信息,整合相关信息，准确填表,总结,忠实原文原则 对称性原则 名词单复数，动词形式 固定搭配 首字母大小写 单词拼写,51,写作部分指导,52,高考阅卷特点： 1. 阅卷的速度快； 2. 阅卷时间长； 3. 阅卷老师的心理状态：,给分中庸 （13-17）,53,评分流程：,卷面字数段落板块每段中心句要点人称时态连接词句式结构高级词汇,54,影响给分的四大因素：,一. 作文的卷面；,二. 文中所采用的语言材料的层次 （主题句+次要点）；,三. 行