9aunit2grammar.ppt

1、Grammar,Unit 2 Colours,1. Some people believe that colours can influence our moods. 2. She hopes that yellow can bring her success.,3. He is glad that the walls in his room are blue. 4. She is sure that yellow can bring her good luck.,Object clauses introduced by that,宾语从句放在及物动词后做宾语，如say, find, know

2、, think, believe, hope, notice， mean.,宾语从句也可以放在这些形容词后：如certain, sure, sad, glad.,什么是宾语从句？,试比较：,We know him,We know he likes English.,主s,主s,谓v,谓v,宾o,宾o,宾语从句就是用一个句子来构成主句的宾语,简单句,复合句,宾语从句是指一个句子充当宾语，在主句与从句之间有一个引导词。,宾语从句在复合句中作及物动词或介词的宾语,从句放在主句之后,前后不用逗号分开。,Conclusion(1):,What is Object Clause?,1. 陈述句用_来引导，

3、在口语中常可省略。,that,连词that引导宾语从句，只起连接主、从句的作用，它本身无意义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。 e.g. He says (that) he is a Young Pioneer. 他说他是个少先队员。,一、引导词本身的省略与不省略 1. 可以省略,2. 不可以省略 从句的主语是that时，that不省略。 e.g. We know that that is an interesting story 我们知道那是一个有趣的故事。,二、何时使用that引导的宾语从句 that引导的宾语从句，表示陈述一件事，即由陈述句转化而来。,e.g. He says (that)

4、he is listening to the weather report 他说他正在听天气预报。 1. 主句的谓语动词是 think, hear, hope, wish, remember, forget, know, say, guess等时，常接that引导的宾语从句。 e.g. I hope (that) he will be fine soon 我希望他很快好起来。,三、that引导的宾语从句相关的内容 1. 语序 不论什么情况下，宾语从句都要用陈述句语序，即“主语谓语其它”。 e.g. Do you think (that) the radio is too noisy? 你认为收

5、音机太吵吗？,Millie: Did you know there is a relationship rlenp between colours and moods? Sandy: Certainly. I think colours influence our everyday lives in many ways. Millie: How should we choose the colours for the rooms of a house? Sandy: Most people think light colours are better than dark ones. Milli

6、e: Yes. I notice light colours make rooms seem larger. Sandy: Sure. I also know blue can make us feel relaxed Millie: Yes. My mum says blue is suitable for bedrooms. I also find some people prefer orange for their dining rooms. Sandy: True, but it depends on personal taste. Anyway, we should choose

7、the colour which makes us fell comfortable., (that), (that), (that), (that), (that), (that), (that),whether和if都可以引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，在口语或间接引语中两者可以互换使用。其语序必须是陈述句语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分”。 e.g. Ask him whether / if he can come. 问下他是否能来。,3. 宾语从句中要用_ 语序.,Conclusion(2):,注意： whether和if都是“是否”的意思，一般情况下两者可以换用，但在 _之后 ,

8、_之前， 与_ 连用， 在句首或在引导表语从句，只能用 whether。,2. 一般疑问句我们要用_或 _ 来引导,if,陈述句,whether,介词,不定式,or或or not,The Class 1, Grade 9 students are shopping. Complete the sentences by using if or whether to make object clauses.,Problems about shopping,1. Kitty cannot decide _ _,if/whether she should choose the red dress.,S

9、hould I choose the red dress?,2. Sandy doesnt know _ _,if/whether white clothes suit her.,Do white clothes suit me?,vt. 适合,su:t,3. Amy is asking _ _,if/whether the sports bag is made of cotton.,Is the sports bag made of cotton?,4. Simon is not sure _ _,if/whether the green T-shirt matches his trouse

10、rs.,Does the green T-shirt match my trousers?,5. Daniel often wonders _ _ _,if/whether he should stay at home instead of going shopping with his classmates.,Should I stay at home instead of going shopping with my classmates?,Daniel wants to tell his online friend Tommy about colours. Help him comple

11、te his email using that, if or whether.,How much do you know about colours?,Dear Tommy, Have you ever noticed the colours around you? Colours are really interesting. A report says (1)_ blue can help us feel relaxed because it represents peace. You may wonder (2)_ it represents anything else. Yes. Bl

12、ue also means sadness. I do not know (3)_ you like green.,that,if/whether,if/whether,Some people think (4)_ green can give us energy, but it also represents envy. Did you know(5)_ red represents good luck in China?It is often used for celebrations! Please tell me your favourite colour and (6)_ you k

13、now anything else about colours. Write back soon. Best wishes, Daniel,that,that,if/whether,n. 庆祝,Daniel has some questions about colours to ask his dad, but his dad has not come home yet. Help him write a note for his dad.,1. Dad knows a lot about colours. 2. Is red just the colour of heat and power

14、? 3. Was yellow once the colour of the rulers in ancient China? 4. Did the rulers in ancient Europe like to wear purple? 5. Do all the doctors in the world wear white uniforms?,adj. 古代的,ennt,I believe (1) _. I wonder (2) _ _. I want to know (3) _ _. I do not know (4) _ _. I am not certain (5) _ _.,i

15、f/whether red just the colour of heat and power,that Dad knows a lot about colours,if/whether yellow was once the colour of the rulers in ancient China,if/whether the rulers in ancient Europe like to wear purple,if/whether all the doctors in the world wear white uniforms,2. 时态 that引导的宾语从句，主句用一般现在时，从

16、句可以用符合句意要求的任一时态。 e.g. He says (that) they have returned already. 他说他们已经回来了。,如果主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去时态的某种形式（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。 e.g. He said (that) he bought a new dictionary. 他说他买了本新词典。,一般现在时,一般过去时,现在进行时,过去进行时,一般过去时,过去完成时,现在完成时,过去完成时,一般将来时,过去将来时,He says that Tom often plays basketball on the playgro

17、und. He said that Tom often played basketball on the playground.,He says that Tom will play basketball on the playground tomorrow,He said that Tom would play basketball on the playground tomorrow,He says that Tom is playing basketball on the playground .,He said that Tom was playing basketball on th

18、e playground .,He says that Tom has played basketball on the playground for four hours.,He said that Tom had played basketball on the playground for four hours.,注如果从句表达的是客观事实、真理、等等，尽管主句用一般过去时，从句也要用一般现在时。 e.g. Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 我们老师告诉我们，光比声音传播 得快。,但要注意在以下几种情况下。

19、在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。 直接引语是客观真理自然现象、名言、警句、格言、谚语。 The earth moves around the sun, the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun 。 直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如： Jack said. “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?” Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in th

20、e street。 直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如： Xiao Wang said. I was born on April 20, 1980。 Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。,直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如： He said, I get up at six every morning。 He said he gets up at six every morning 如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had

21、 better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。 Peter said. You had better come have today。 Peter said I had better go there that day。,3. 宾语从句中要用_ 语序.,Conclusion(2):,注意： whether和if都是“是否”的意思，一般情况下两者可以换用，但在 _之后 , _之前， 与_ 连用， 在句首或在引导表语从句，只能用 whether。,2. 一般疑问句我们要用_或 _ 来引导,if,陈述句,whether

22、,介词,不定式,or或or not,Do you go to school by bus or by bike? He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.,但在有些情况下，whether和if的用法 有一定区别。 whether引导的从句常可以与连词or 或or not直接连用，而if一般不能。 如： 正：Let me know whether you can come or not. 误：Let me know if you can come or not.,2. 当宾语从句提到句首时，只能用 whether引导，而不能用if。如：

23、 正：Whether it is true or not, I cant tell. 误：If it is true or not, I cant tell. 3. whether可以引导带to的不定式，if则 不能。如： 正：I dont know whether to accept or refuse. 误：I dont know if to accept or refuse.,4. whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之 后，作介词的宾语，但if不能。如： 正：I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 误：I worry about if I

24、 hurt her feelings. 5. whether可以引导从句，作主语、表语 或同位语，而if不能。如： 正：It was uncertain whether he would come. 误：It was uncertain if he would come.,一、根据首字母或中文提示写单词。 1. I had very little contact with teenagers in my e_ life. 2. There was a _ (庆祝活动) in that shopping mall that night. 3. These a_ weapons are all c