中西对比的文献综述范文中西教育差异文献综述写

1、中西对比的文献综述范文中西教育差异文献综述写 Literature review on the influence of cultural differences on English Listening 重点词汇释义 中外 China and foreign countries; at home and abroad 文化差异 cultural difference 英语听力 English listening prehension 文献 literature; document 综述 summarize; round up; sum up 去网上拉几篇相关的文献来，凑一块，哎。我也在写啊，

2、改了好几遍了，老师不让过。 文献综述格式一般包括： 文献综述的引言： 包括撰写文献综述的原因、意义、文献的范围、正文的标题及基本内容提要； 文献综述的正文： 是文献综述的主要内容，包括某一课题研究的历史 (寻求研究问题的发展历程)、现状、基本内容 (寻求认识的进步)， 研究方法的分析(寻求研究方法的借鉴)，已解决的问题和尚存的问题，重点、详尽地阐述对当前的影响及发展趋势，这样不但可以使研究者确定研究方向，而且便于他人了解该课题研究的起点和切入点，是在他人研究的基础上有所创新； 文献综述的结论： 文献研究的结论，概括指出自己对该课题的研究意见，存在的不同意见和有待解决的问题等； 网上的都是收费的

3、写手 Cultural differences on the language of the impact of Abstract: simple analysis of the relationship between language and culture, cultural differences and pare the impact of the language, teaching English in the light of the present ignored the phenomenon of cultural differences on financial and

4、cultural knowledge in English Teaching. 在语言教学中树立文化意识，从而提高教学效果，达到语言教学的真正目的。 In language teaching in a cultural awareness, so as to enhance effective teaching methods to achieve the real purpose of language teaching. 关键词：文化差异；英语 由于各民族所处的环境不同，从而产生迥然不同的文化。 Key words: cultural differences; English Becaus

5、e the environment in which all ethnic groups different, resulting in a very different culture. 中西文化是两种根本不同类型文化。 Chinese and Western cultures are two fundamentally different types of culture. 汉文化以人本为主体，其本质是一种典型的内倾性人本文化，表现在重人格，重道德，重创人。 Han culture to the people as the main body, its essence is a typic

6、al example of the dumping of human culture, and in the weight personality, heavy moral, hit people. 西方文化则以物本为主体，以自然为本位，倾向于求外在表现，故重创物、重物理，更看重人怎样来创物。 Of the Western culture while for the main body and the natural-based, tend to seek external performance, the hit-and-physical, but also how to value a p

7、erson of. 文化对语言的影响主要表现在以下几方面： The impact of culture on language mainly in the following aspects: （一）价值观念 价值观念是文化的核心。 (1) values values are the core of culture. 西方人重个人价值，强调自我意识，为人处事言语行为无须别人认可，也不追求与人一致。 Westerners value of the individual, emphasis on self-awareness, people doing things others not auth

8、orized speech act, and not consistent with the pursuit. 而中国人群体意识强，独立意识较弱。 Chinas strong sense of groups, independent of the weaker. 西方人认为，当别人未求助时主动给予帮助是一种施舍行为，是对他能力的轻视，甚至是对他人格的侮辱。 Westerners think that when others did not take the initiative to seek help when help is a charity, for his ability to ne

9、glect, and even an insult to his personality. 有一次，一位外国老妇人到中国来旅游，提着一大袋行李，很吃力的样子，一个中国小伙子跑过去主动提供帮助，于是发生了下面的这个对话： Once, a foreign woman was to travel to China, carrying large bags of luggage, looks very difficult for a young man ran past China offered help, so this has the following dialogue: B：Good mor

10、ning, Can I help you? B: Good morning, Can I help you? W：What? W: What? B：Can I carry the case for you,Madam? B: Can I carry the case for you, Madam? W：I think I can do it myself，thank you W: I think I can do it myself, thank you 老妇人毫不领情地走了，她认为这是对她的轻视。 Not to appreciate the woman who has passed away

11、, she considered that it is her neglect. 而在我们中国人看来，人与人之间的相互关照是人之常情,.是一种美德。 We in the eyes of Chinese people, the interaction between the people that care for them,. Is a virtue. 中国小伙子呆呆地站在那儿，百思不得其解。 China lads Aiaide stand there, and fail to see. 如果对中西文化稍有了解，或许不会发生那样的尴尬局面。 If you have some understan

12、ding of Chinese and Western cultures, may not happen, the embarrassing situation. （二）社会心态 由于生活在不同的文化背景中，各民族人逐步形成了不同的思维方式和社会心态，即使对同一事物也往往有不同的好恶。 (B) social mentality because of living in different cultural backgrounds, people of all nationalities have gradually formed a different way of thinking and

13、mentality of the munity, even if the same things often have different likes and dislikes. 譬如对什么是禁忌，什么是隐私，东西方人表现出很大的差别。 For example, what is taboo and what is privacy, East Westerners demonstrated a great deal of difference. 英美人见面很少问及家庭情况，他们视年龄、收入、财产等为隐私。 Britain and the United States met with the fa

14、mily and asked a few, they are depending on age, ine, property, etc. for privacy. 中国人则毫不忌讳谈论这些内容。 Chinese people are no taboo about them. 又如，西方人怕老、惧老的心理使他们忌讳使用old, aged等词。 Also, Westerners Palao, the old psychological fear that they use old taboo, aged words. 为此人们费尽心机地创造了许多称呼老人的新表达：the advanced in a

15、ge(上了年纪的人)，the mature the longer living（生活经历长的人），美国有个永不老合唱团，译为“never young” 而不是“never old”等。 For this reason people scheming to create a lot of the elderly called the new expression: the advanced in age (the older), the mature the longer living (long life experience), the United States will never ha

16、ve a veteran chorus, translation never young rather than never old. 如果我们的学生有这方面的知识，就不会在与老外的见面的时候说，“how old are you?” “Whats your salary?” 诸如此类难堪的问题。 If our students have the knowledge, they will not meet with foreigners when he, how old are you? Whats your salary? Such embarrassing questions. （三 ）交际

17、方式 (3) Communication way 英国人见面打招呼的常用方式是谈论天气，如“lovely weather,isnt it?”或“Hello”“Hi”“Good morning”等。 British mon way of meeting notice is talking about the weather, such as the lovely weather, isnt it? Or Hello, Hi and Good morning. 在我国人们常用的寒暄语：“到哪儿去？”“吃饭了吗？”“最近忙什么？”若将这些话直译为英语“Have you eaten?” “Where

18、are you going?”“What are you busy with?”就不是打招呼语了，变成了期待对方回答的问题，譬如“Have you eaten?”对方就会误认为你打算请他吃饭。 People monly used in Chinas greeting: Where? Eat? The recent busy? If these words for the English translation of Have you eaten? Where are you going? What are you busy with? is not greeted language, and

19、is, looking forward to the other question to answer, such as Have you eaten? will mistakenly believe that the other side you intend to invite him for dinner. 这些话只能在某些特定的场合使用，若作为招呼语滥用，有时就会伤害对方的感情。 These words can only use certain oasions, as if prodded language abuse, sometimes hurt each others feeli

20、ngs. 在英美国家人们道别时说“Bye,drop in again.”等。 People in the country bid farewell to Britain and the United States, said Bye, drop in again. Etc. 若按中国人习惯就会说“go slowly”（慢走）“Take care.”（走好）之类的话。 Aording to the Chinese customs will say go slowly (walking), Take care. (Appropriately take), such remarks. 英美人对此的反

21、应很可能是：“Why should I go slowly? I am strong enough.”似乎中国人小看了他。 British and American peoples response is likely to be: Why should I go slowly? I am strong enough. Chinese people seem to read him small. （四）语言的表达形式 语言的结构及使用在一定程度上受制于该民族的文化。 (4) language expression structure and the use of language to a c

22、ertain extent, subject to the national culture. 汉语的词汇结构和修辞方法与汉文化密切相关，英语同样与英美文化、历史有着千丝万缕的联系。 Chinese vocabulary structure and rhetorical methods and Han culture is closely related to the same English and Anglo-American culture, history are inextricably linked. 譬如，英语句子中的修饰语可置于被修饰词前，亦可在其后，这与汉语不同。 For e

23、xample, in the English sentence modifiers can be placed before the word being modified, or subsequently, and Chinese different. Big enough（足够大），something important（重要的事情）等，都是将修饰语置后，与汉语语序恰恰相反。 Big enough (big enough), something important (an important issue), which are home to modifiers, and Chinese

24、Order of the contrary. 英语中时间、地点的排列顺序习惯从小到大，而汉语则从大到小，如at3:00pm.21st June, 2000（2000年六月二十一日下午三点） English in the time, place, the customary order from small to large, and the Chinese从大到小, such as at3: 00pm.21st June, 2000 (at 15:00 on June 21, 2000) 英语除了表达方式上的特殊性外，表达的意念有时也是独特的。 English apart from the p

25、articularity of expression, the expression of ideas sometimes unique. 英语常把事实与揣测、祈求、意愿等非事实区分开。 English often the facts and speculation, pray, aspirations, and other non-facts on the other. 常常用虚拟语气来表达一种愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测、建议等，所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。 Virtual tone often used to express a wish, assumptions, doubt, spec

26、ulation, suggestions, the meaning of that is not an objective reality. 文化上的差异反应在语言和交际行为中，而是否理解和懂得这些文化差异、文化制约和交际规则则直接影响交际的成败。 Cultural differences in language and munication response behavior, and whether understanding and understand these cultural differences, and cultural constraints and the rules

27、of munication is a direct impact on the suess or failure of munication. 因此，外语教学不仅仅是要求学生语法正确，还必须使他们了解所学语言国家的文化，使学生既掌握语言技能听、说、读、写译等，又掌握交际能力，以适用不同社会的文化环境，避免文化错误的产生，从而成功地进行交际。 Therefore, foreign language teaching is not only require students to correct grammar, it is also essential that they understand

28、the language of the national culture, so that students not only master the language skills - listening, speaking, reading and writing, such as translation, master municative ability to apply different social and cultural environment and avoid the formation of cultural errors, which suessfully conduc

29、ted Communication. 这样做的好处是：文化知识加深了学生对语言的了解，语言则赋予了文化内涵而更易于理解和掌握。 It has the advantage of: cultural knowledge deepened understanding of the language students, language empowers the cultural connotation and more easy to understand and grasp. 当前外语教学中普遍存在重外语技能、轻文化教育的问题，一些教师认为英语教学就是教单词、短语、讲授课文和做练习，大部分的学生经

30、过好几年的英语学习，脑袋中装满了单词和短语，可惜无法说出一个完整的句子。 Foreign Language Teaching in the current widespread heavy foreign language skills, cultural and educational light of the problem, some teachers think that teaching is the English words, phrases, teaching texts and do exercises, most of the students through the le

31、arning of English for a few years, in full head of the word and the phrase, unfortunately can not say a plete sentence. 或者当把课堂上所学的语言知识放在具体的文化环境中，屡犯错误不能顺利地达到交际的目的。 When the classroom or on the knowledge of the language on the specific cultural environment, mistakes can not be repeated suessfully achi

32、eve the purpose of munication. 针对上述情况，作为一名英语教师，帮助学生在学习语言时提高对文化的敏感性，利用他们发自内心的想了解其他民族的兴趣和动力，从而提供了学习该民族的语言的基础。 In response to these developments, as an English teacher to help students in language learning, improve the cultural sensitivity, using them from the bottom of their hearts that the other nati

33、ons would like to know the interest and motivation, thus providing learning the language of the national foundation Literature review on the influence of cultural differences on English Listening 重点词汇释义 中外 China and foreign countries; at home and abroad 文化差异 cultural difference 英语听力 English listenin

34、g prehension 文献 literature; document 综述 summarize; round up; sum up 中西文化差异对国际交流影响的文献综述范文 我指导你 礼仪、是人与人之间交流的规则，是一种语言，也是一种工具。由于形成礼仪的重要根源宗教信仰的不同，使得世界上信仰不同宗教的人们遵守着各不相同的礼仪。中国是四大文明古国之一，中华民族是唯一传承千年的文明和民族。中国的礼仪，始于夏商周，盛于唐宋，经过不断地发展变化，逐渐形成体系。西方社会，是几大古代文明的继承者，曾一直和东方的中国遥相呼应。经过中世纪的黑暗，最终迎来了文艺复兴，并孕育了资本主义和现代文明，产生了现代科

35、技和文化。中西方有着截然不同的礼仪文化。 随着我国改革开放的步伐日益加快，跨国交际日益增多，中西方礼仪文化的差异更是越发显露，这种差异带来的影响也是不容忽视，在中西礼仪没有得到完美融合之前，我们有必要了解这些礼仪的差异。 一、交际语言的差异 日常打招呼，中国人大多使用“吃了吗？” “上哪呢？”等等，这体现了人与人之间的一种亲切感。可对西方人来说，这种打招呼的方式会令对方感到突然、尴尬，甚至不快，因为西方人会把这种问话理解成为一种“盘问”，感到对方在询问他们的私生活。在西方，日常打招呼他们只说一声“Hello”或按时间来分，说声“早上好！”“下午好！”“晚上好！”就可以了。而英国人见面会说：“今

36、天天气不错啊！” 称谓方面，在汉语里，一般只有彼此熟悉亲密的人之间才可以“直呼其名”。但在西方，“直呼其名”比在汉语里的范围要广得多。在西方，常用“先生”和“夫人”来称呼不知其名的陌生人，对十几或二十几岁的女子可称呼“小姐”，结婚了的女性可称“女士”或“夫人”等。在家庭成员之间，不分长幼尊卑，一般可互称姓名或昵称。在家里，可以直接叫爸爸、妈妈的名字。对所有的男性长辈都可以称“叔叔”，对所有的女性长辈都可以称“阿姨”。这在我们中国是不行的，必须要分清楚辈分、老幼等关系，否则就会被认为不懂礼貌。 中西语言中有多种不同的告别语。如在和病人告别时，中国人常说“多喝点开水”、“多穿点衣服”、“早点休息”

37、之类的话，表示对病人的关怀。但西方人绝不会说“多喝水”之类的话，因为这样说会被认为有指手画脚之嫌。比如他们会说“多保重”或“希望你早日康复”等等。 二、餐饮礼仪的差异 中国人有句话叫“民以食为天”，由此可见饮食在中国人心目中的地位，因此中国人将吃饭看作头等大事。中国菜注重菜肴色、香、味、形、意俱全，甚至于超过了对营养的注重，只要好吃又要好看，营养反而显得不重要了。西方的饮食比较讲究营养的搭配和吸收，是一种科学的饮食观念。西方人多注重食物的营养而忽略了食物的色、香、味、形、意如何，他们的饮食多是为了生存和健康，似乎不讲究味的享受。 在餐饮氛围方面，中国人在吃饭的时候都喜欢热闹，很多人围在一起吃吃

38、喝喝，说说笑笑，大家在一起营造一种热闹温暖的用餐氛围。除非是在很正式的宴会上，中国人在餐桌上并没有什么很特别的礼仪。而西方人在用餐时，都喜欢幽雅、安静的环境，他们认为在餐桌上的时候一定要注意自己的礼仪，不可以失去礼节，比如在进餐时不能发出很难听的声音。 中西方宴请礼仪也各具特色。在中国，从古至今大多都以左为尊，在宴请客人时，要将地位很尊贵的客人安排在左边的上座，然后依次安排。在西方则是以右为尊，男女间隔而座，夫妇也分开而座，女宾客的席位比男宾客的席位稍高，男士要替位于自己右边的女宾客拉开椅子，以示对女士的尊重。另外，西方人用餐时要坐正，认为弯腰，低头，用嘴凑上去吃很不礼貌，但是这恰恰是中国人通

39、常吃饭的方式。吃西餐的时候，主人不提倡大肆的饮酒，中国的餐桌上酒是必备之物，以酒助兴，有时为了表示对对方的尊重，喝酒的时候都是一杯一杯的喝。 三、服饰礼仪的差异 西方男士在正式社交场合通常穿保守式样的西装，内穿白衬衫，打领带。他们喜欢黑色，因此一般穿黑色的皮鞋。西方女士在正式场合要穿礼服套装。另外女士外出有戴耳环的习俗。西方国家，尤其是在美国，平时人们喜欢穿着休闲装，如T恤加牛仔服。 当今中国人穿着打扮日趋西化，传统的中山装、旗袍等已退出历史舞台。正式场合男女着装已与西方并无二异。在平时的市井生活中，倒会看到不少人穿着背心、短裤、拖鞋等不合礼仪的服饰。 礼仪是一种文化，是文化就有纵向的传承和横向的借鉴与融合。随着世界全球化不断加快步伐，经济、文化高速碰撞融合的大背景下，西方文化大量涌进中国，中国传统礼仪也不断受到西方礼仪文化的冲击。如何保护中华民族传统礼仪，并去其糟粕，与西方礼仪进行合理