高级英语Lesson 6 (Book 2) Disappearing Through the Skylight 课后练习答案

1、Lesson 6 Disappearing Through the Skylight 练习题答案/answer . 1. Lysenko : Trofim Denisovich Lysenko (1898- 1976), Russian agronomist. As president of the Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences he became the scientific and administrative leader of Soviet agriculture. In 1937 he was made a memb

2、er of the Supreme Soviet and head of the institute of Genetics of the Soviet Academy of Sciences. He first became known for his process (vernalization) of moistening and refrigerating the seed of spring wheat thereby reputedly imparting to it the characteristics of winter wheat. He became the leader

3、 of the Soviet school of genetics that opposed the theories of heredity accepted by most geneticists and supported the doctrine that the characteristics acquired through environmental influences are inherited. Lysenko rejected neo-Mendelism and was a disciple of the Russian horticulturist I. V. Mich

4、urin. Ly senkol s theories were offered as Marxist orthodoxy and won the official support (1948) of the Soviet Central Com- mittee. However, they were severely criticized after the death of Stalin in 1953, and in 1956 he was removed as director of the Institute of Genetics, which resulted in there t

5、urn of Soviet biological thought to the mainstream of international scientific ideas. 2. Leonardo. Leonardo da Vinci (1452 - 1519), Italian painter, sculptor, architect, musician, engineer, and scientist, born near Vinci, a hill village in Tuscany. In 1466 he moved to Florence, where he entered the

6、workshop of Verrocchio. Early in his apprenticeship he painted an an-gel, and perhaps portions of the landscape, in Verrocchio s Baptism of Christ. The culmination of Leonardo s art during his first period in Florence is the magnificent unfinished Adoration of the Magi commissioned in 1481 by the mo

7、nks of San Donato a Scopeto. In this work is revealed the integration of dramatic movement and chiaroscuro that characterizes the master s mature style, He went to Milan around 1482 and remained at the court of Ludovico Sforza for 16 years. In 1483, Leonardo, with his pupil Ambrogiode Predis, was co

8、mmissioned to execute the famous Madonna of the Rocks. Leonardo s fresco of the Last Sup-per (Milan) was begun around 1495 and completed by1498. After the fall of Ludovica Sforza (1499) Leonar do left Milan and returned to Florence. Here he engaged in much theoretical work in mathematics and pursued

9、 his anatomical studies at the hospital of Santa Maria Nuova. In 1502 he entered the service of Cesare Borgia as a military engineer. In 1503 he was commissioned to execute the fresco of the battle of Anghiari but was never completed. From about this time dates the celebrated Mona Liza, the portrait

10、 of the wife of a Florentine merchant. The old master spent his last years in France at the castle of Cloux, near Amboise. Here he was left entirely free to pursue his own researches until his death. The versatility and creative power of Leonardo mark him as a supreme example of Renaissance genius.

11、The richness and originality of intellect expressed in his notebooks reveal one of the greatest minds of all time. .1. There are broad agreements about the basic concepts of science, for example, there is only a single science of thermodynamics whose basic concepts are accepted by all countries, inc

12、luding such diverse countries as China, America or the Soviet Union. For a short time there were two genetics, a Soviet genetics as proposed by Lysenko and a Western genetics. However, Soviet Lysenko s theories were refuted and in 1956 the Soviet Union accepted the Western genetic concepts.2. It mak

13、es the world look more and more uniform. Different styles in architecture, dress, music and eating that exist in various countries and among different people are tending to disappear. They are being replaced by more uniform styles or world styles. The houses the people live in, the cars they drive,

14、etc. , are becoming more alike.3. A technological innovation in the manufacture of automobiles like streamlining or all-welded body construction may be initiated by one company in one country, but when it proves to make cars more efficient and cheaper, it is soon adopted universally by all automobil

15、e manufacturers. Today, the basic features of an automobile are to be found in automobiles in general, no matter who makes them. Besides this feature, all large automakers are now international companies. Americans have auto plants in Europe, Asia and South America, and Europeans and Japanese have p

16、lants in America and South America, and so on.4. He drives cars that have the same basic features. When he goes shopping, he finds the climate in all the shops is the same because they are all similarly air-conditioned. When he travels he finds all the airports to be familiar because they are all co

17、nstructed along similar lines and the hotels to have the same amenities. In a word, he finds himself at home in all countries and places.5. He no longer has a fixed home with all the emotional ties that are usually attached to such a home with its fixed location surrounded by well-known neighbors, e

18、tc. His home is now everywhere and he is always surrounded by all kinds of neighbors. He feels the old home limited his activities and his emotions.6. She says in the past artists regarded machines and machinelike structures like the Eiffel Tower in Paris as ugly and irreverent. After 1949 the artis

19、ts discovered a new beauty in machines which could now be shaped and moulded very easily into various artistic designs.7. The writer doesnt t directly answer the question. He says science has now thrown doubt on the thingliness of things. It does not produce the material objects we see with our eyes

20、 but images, geometric and mathematical, of the reality underlying these things. It has made the world rather insubstantial. The writer in his prologue states: Today, nature has slipped, perhaps finally, beyond our field of vision. We can imitate it in mathematics - we can even produce convincing im

21、ages of it - but we can never know it. We can only know our own creations.8. It is displayed in the architectural styles found in cities of the developed world - styles that typify collage city and urban adhocism. It is also displayed in the mosaic architecture of facadism and the playful theme park

22、s and museum villages. It abounds in images and sounds and values utterly different from those of the world of natural things seen from a middle distance.9. The banks are no longer the solid, ponderous buildings of the past but airy structures Of steel and glass. People need not go to the banks dire

23、ctly for many financial transactions which can now be carried out in stores or trailers with slot- machinelike terminals linked to the banks. Money is now recorded, erased, processed and reprocessed as digital signals by a computer.1.In the passage, the writer puts forward his central theme of disap

24、pearance - nature disappears, history disappears and even the solid banks disappear. Besides expressing the central theme of the book, the metaphorical phrase, Disappearing Through the Skylight, is used also specifically in this chapter to describe the changed appearance of modern banks which seem t

25、o be disappearing. The second important idea he puts forward is the universalizing tendency of science and technology. The basic concepts of science are understood, accepted and adopted by scientists all over the world. There is only one science of thermodynamics, genetics, etc. This universalizing

26、effect is reflected in architectural styles, dress styles, musical styles, etc. They all tend to become world styles. The third concept is, If man creates machines, machines in turn shape their creators. The modern man is no longer a unique individual, the product of a special environment and cultur

27、e. The homogeneous world he now lives in universalizes him. He becomes a cosmopolitan, a citizen of the world. Finally, the disappearance of history is a form of liberation and this feeling of liberation is often expressed through play. the playfulness of science has produced game theory and virtual

28、 particles, in art it has puoduced the paintings of Picasso and Joan Miro and so on.2. The writer s views are generally clearly and succinctly presented as a topic sentence at the beginning of each paragraph and then developed or illustrated in the paragraph itself or by succeeding paragraphs. For e

29、xample, the first sentence in the opening paragraph is a topic sentence that presents a very important view of the writer, Science is committed to the universal. This idea of universality is developed and illustrated in the five paragraphs that follow and each paragraph that follows also has its own

30、 topic sentence. The organizational pattern is very clear and logical. 3. The writer uses tha present tense and universal statements to attain the goal of objectivity. 4. The writer uses figurative language freely to make his ideas more vivid and forceful. Readers can find many metaphors, analogies,

31、 rhetorical questions, repetition and balanced structure, etc. in this piece. The very title of this piece, Disappearing Through the Skylight , is a metaphorical phrase that immediately stirs the imagination of readers. 5. A lot of scientific and technical terms are used in this piece, such as therm

32、odynamics, genetics, genetic mutations, etc. Many sentences are complex and compound ones; some of them, though simple sentences, are complicated in structure, for example, The skepticism of modern science from the soul. It surrounds its citizens with - and geodesic domes and lunar landers. All thes

33、e are stylistic features.IV. 1. Science is engaged in the task of making its basic concepts understood and accepted by scientists all over the world. 2. The car model, called Fiesta, seems to have disappeared completely.3. The idea of a world car is similar to the idea of having a world style for ar

34、chitecture. /As architecture was moving toward a common International Style, it was natural for the automobile to do the same. 4. Things that are happening in auto making are similar to those happening in architecture. 5. The modern man no longer has very distinct individual traits shaped by a speci

35、al environment and culture 6The disadvantage of being a cosmopolitan is that he loses a home in the old sense of the world 7The benefit of being a cosmopolitan is that he begins to think the old kind of home probably restricts his development and activities 8The compelling force of technology to uni

36、versalize cannot be resisted 9When every artist thought it was his duty to show his contempt for and objection to the Eiffel Tower which they considered an irreverent architectural structure 10a flexible and pliable quality that was beyond human powers and absolutely new 11People used to firmly beli

37、eve that the things they saw around them were real solid substances but this has now been thrown into doubt by science, 12That，perhaps, shows how far logically modern aesthetic can goThe solid banks can become almost abstract and invisibleThis is perhaps the furthest limit of how solid objective thi

38、ngs may be disappearingVSee the translation of the text1Thermodynamics热力学 2genetic遗传学3stress应力 4genetic mutation遗传突变5streamlining(设计成)流线型 6allwelded body全焊车身7cyclinder block气缸套 8carburetor汽化器 9transmission传动；变速器 10cells细胞11molecules分子 12galaxies星系13particles粒子 14black hole(天文)黑洞15genes基因 16High-tens

39、ion lines高压线17circuit(集成)电路 18geodesic dome用轻便和挺直建筑材料的拉力建造的圆屋顶19terminal终端 20Magnetic tapes(录音等用)磁带 21computer计算机1homogeneous：the same in structure，quality，etc；similar or identical2diversity：different；variety3economics：things related to the economy(of automobile manufacturing， such as production cos

40、ts，consumer appeal，sale price，etc) 4asset：a valuable or desirable thing 5suspect：think it probable or likely；guess；suppose 6barring：unless there should be；excepting 7blasphemy：any remark or action or thing held to be irreverent or disrespectful 8proposition：a person，problem，undertaking，etc，being or

41、to be dealt with9extra：outside the scope or region of；beyond 10order：category，class 11artifact：a product(as a structure on a microscope slide)of artificial character due to extraneous(as human)agency 12circuits：an integrated circuit，a tiny complex of electronic components and their interconnections

42、produced on a single small silicon chip silicon：a silicon chip，a small slice of silicon on which an integrated circuit is etched 13truss：a rigid framework of beams，struts bars，etc，for supporting a roof geodesic dome：a dome made of light straight structural elements mostly in tension1uni-，having or c

43、onsisting of one only：universe，uniaxial， unicellular, unilateral, unipolar, univalve2. thermo-, heat : thermodynamics, thermochemistry, thermoelectric, thermometer, thermomagnetic, thermoplastic3. dis-, fail, cease, refuse to .disappear, dissatisfy, disallow, disappoint, disapprove, disbelieve 4. te

44、chno-, art, science, skill, technical, technological: technology, technography, technocracy, technocrat, technologist, technologize 5. hom or homo-, one and the same : similar, alike : homogeneous, homograph, homochromatic, homology, homonym, homophone 6. auto-, self-propelling: automobile, autotruc

45、k, autobus, autocade, autogyro, automotive 7. trans-, over, across, through: transmission, transfer, transmigrate, transfuse, transform, transition 8. cosmo-, world, universe, cosmopolitan, cosmography, cosmology, cosmonaut, cosmopolis 9. post-, after in time, later (than), following: postmodernism,

46、 postglacial, postnatal, posthumous, postimpressionism, postmortem 10. neo-, new, recent, latest : neomodernism, neolithic, neo-Darwinism, neoimpressionism, neologism, neophyteIX. 1. The piers are built, Then the towers are erected on the piers. The cables are run from one side of the river to the o

47、ther and are anchored, The suspenders are attached to the cables. Finally the deck is raised.2. The slide is removed from the microscope and is replaced by a transparent ruler with 1 mm graduations. Now the width of the field of view of the microscope is measured. The diameter of the field is conver

48、ted from millimeters to microns, then the width of the field (in microns) is measured for each objective lens required.X. 1. a steam 2. an air outletnoise3. aircraft turbine 4. laboratory research5. a research laboratory 6. a mercury thermometer7. a nuclear power plant1. The theories we use (or the

49、theories used) in meteorology are complicated and do not cover all aspects of the weather,2. The raw materials are weighed, (then) mixed automatically in the correct proportions and then fed into the granulator.3. When thoroughly mixed with the suspension, these substances separate the virus particl

50、es from the rest of the suspension. 4. The plastics material is fed into a hopper and then heated. 5. Local, long-distance and inter-continental calls are connected automatically in this exchange. 6. Many signals are transmitted from this centre, while a few are passed on to the next relay station.

51、When grouped together, they are transmitted as composite signals. 7. The steel is heated, quenched rapidly in water, heated again and finally cooled slowly. 1. group 2. before 3. work 4. turn 5. disappeared 6. mathematical 7. surface 8. nature 9. beyond 10. it11. produce 12. never 13. own 14. close16. clarity 17. century 18. ref