dissertation-writing.ppt

1、B.A. Dissertation Writing for English Majors,2009,1. What is dissertation/thesis?,Types of writing Narration Description Exposition Argumentation,丁往道等. 2009. 英语写作手册：英文版（第三版）. 北京: 外语教学与研究出版社.,Argument/Persuasive writing Thesis Evidence Argument,Academic writing,Report Conference paper Journal Course

2、work essay Term paper Master thesis Doctoral dissertation,Seyfer, H. & Wu, G. H. 1998. English Academic Paper Writing. Beijing: Higher Education Press.,Research paper,2. What is research?,Research is work that involves studying something and trying to discover facts about it. - Collins COBUILD Dicti

3、onary 2006,Research is a serious study of a subject, in order to discover new facts or test new ideas - Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English,Research is a careful study or investigation, esp. in order to discover new facts or information. - Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary,Three elements of

4、 research Why do research? to discover fact/information What to research?a subject How to research?study or investigation,Why,How,What,Research cycle,Definition of research 1,“The study of an event, problem or phenomenon using systematic and objective methods, in order to understand it better and to

5、 develop principles and theories about it.” (Richards, et al, 2000: 395),Definition of research 2,“A systematic process of inquiry consisting of three elements or components: (1) a question, problem or hypothesis, (2) data, and (3) analysis and interpretation of data.” (Nunan, 2002:3),Definition of

6、research 3,A systematic approach to finding answers to question (Hatch & Farhady, 1982:1) “用系统方法探求问题的答案” （文秋芳等，2004:3）,Question/ hypothesis,data collection,data analysis,How to do (scientific) research?,Subject,Q/ H,Data collection,scientific method,Data analysis & interpretation,Scientific research

7、 cycle,Scientific Method Flow Chart,/students/high_school/hsrs/research_info.shtml,(scientific) research,academic writing,thesis,dissertation,term paper,Knowledge (fact),Homework 1,Reading 英语专业学士论文写作教程“专题篇” Choosing a research field that interests you.,3. How to report

8、a research?,Why write it up? For yourself For others in the group For the world,Three stages in the process,Prewriting research (17 steps) Writing summarizing in language (10 steps) Editing and completion (5 steps),Course Overview,A process/step-by-step approach to writing Course requirements Readin

9、g abundantly Group discussion and presentation Writing assignments Take-home exam,Research cycle,(Scientific) research cycle,“Science is nothing but trained and organized common sense.”,-Thomas H. Huxley(1825-1895),孔子（551479BC）,Systematic Objective,Types of research (form of data ),Qualitative resea

10、rch Quantitative research,Research Paradigms,Data collection,Data,Data analysis,experiment,non-experiment,quantities,qualitative,statistical,interpretive,exploratory-interpretive,analytical-nomological,Types of research (data source),Survey (调查法) Observation （观察法） Experiment （实验法） Content analysis (

11、文献研究),Types of research (techniques of data collection),不以规矩，不能成方圆； 不以六律，不能正五音。,-孟子（前372年前289年 ）,调查法（Survey）,问卷调查（Questionnaire） 访谈调查（Interview）,问卷调查（Questionnaire） Main parts of a questionnaire Title Instructions Questionnaire items Additional information Final “thank you”,Questionnaire items 开放式/非

12、结构性的问题（open-ended/unstructured questions） 封闭式/结构性的问题（closed-ended/structured questions）,二选题(dichotomous questions) 多选题(multiple choices) 莱克特量表（Likert scale） 语义区分量表（semantic differential scales） 序列分级题(rank order items),Objectivity 问题措辞清晰、简洁，没有出现诱导性的用语 问题编排应条理清晰、界限分明, 排序效应 要进行试点评估（pre-test, pilot run）

13、 回收率不低于50% 抽样的代表性,我学习英语是因为我对英语有特殊的感觉。 A. 同意 B. 不同意 你难道不认为全英教学时乌托邦思想吗？ A. 是 B. 否 Do you always write your homework and do it thoroughly? A. Yes B. No 要把刚学的一个单词记住，你要花多长时间？ A.2040秒 B.4060秒 C. 1分钟以上,访谈调查（Interview） Types of interview 开放性/非结构性（open/unstructured） 半结构性(semi-structured) 结构性(structured),Inte

14、rview guide Briefing and explanation Questioning,Objectivity 态度诚恳 采访者话语量适中 结构性访谈的问题要有一定顺序， 多用特殊疑问句 保持客观、中立，避免“访问者偏差” （interviewer bias）,观察法（Observation）,Types of observation 参与性观察（participant observation） 非参与性观察(non-participant observation),Types of observation 开放性观察 (open observation) 结构性观察(structu

15、red observation),Objectivity 观察者效应（Observers effect/bias）,实验法（Experiment）,Major components The type and number of groups The treatment Measurement or observation,Types of experiment Pre-experiment (有实验前后观察与测试，但无对比组) Quasi-experiment（有实验前后观察与测试，有对比组，但无受试随机抽样） Experiment （有实验前后观察与测试，有对比组，有受试随机抽样）,Obje

16、ctivity 控制干扰变量（confounding variables） 测试效应（test effect） 研究伦理,Content /Textual analysis,文献研究（Content analysis）,Objectivity 隐性内容（latent content）与显性内容（manifest content） 真实性 沉默的大多数,Homework,Form groups of research interest and locate a research topic Find at least 3 journal papers for your research topi

17、c Analyze the research elements: question, data collection, data interpretation, and give a presentation to the class,吃、喝、玩、乐的研究方法,研究问题:where, with whom, what 研究方法:,调查法 观察法 实验法 文献研究,爱情研究方法,研究问题：,爱不爱我（零点乐队）,研究方法：,调查法 问卷-情书（范逸臣） 访谈-爱不爱我（零点乐队） 你还爱我吗（达明一派）,观察/文献研究,你闪烁的眼神告诉我爱我的心已迷朦 我的爱伤了风（陈思彤 、王柯淇 ） 甜言蜜语

18、原来又一次食言 放不低（郑秀文 ） 你身上有她的香水味 香水有毒（胡杨林）,习惯在彼此眼中找勇气 约定（周蕙）,实验,说好的三年不见面用我们的爱把时间留住你笑着说这是我们的考验我们的约定 约定光良,爱情的定义： 爱是一种信仰（赵楠） 爱是一种痛（木木） 爱是一种伤害（ 巫启贤） 爱是一种依赖 （赵月冬） 爱是一种奇妙的东西 爱情36计（蔡依林） 每个爱情都危险 （辛晓琪）,二手研究/理论研究,爱情的方式： 谢谢你的爱（刘德华） 死了都要爱（信乐团） 有一种爱叫做放手（阿木）,Stupid Question Dan was the doorman of a club in a big city.

19、 Everyday, thousands of people passed his door, and a lot of them stopped and asked him, Whats the time, please? After a few months, Dan said to himself, Im not going to answer all those stupid people any more. Im going to buy a big clock and put it upon the wall here. Then he did so. “Now people ar

20、ent going to stop and ask me the time, he thought happily. But after that, a lot of people stopped, looked at the clock and then asked Dan, Is that clock right?”,Research “Whats the time？”,Research method “Is that clock right?”,Research approach: primary, secondary Research method/design/procedure:

21、qualitative, quantitative library research, literature review Research technique: survey, observation, experiment, content analysis logic, mathematics,Research Methodology,“As in all research, the methods selected for gathering information depend on the nature of the information required.” -Bell, Ju

22、dith. 2002. Doing Your Research Project. London: Open University Press,Thesis Analysis,Thesis： 对官方口号翻译有效性的实证研究 跨文化语境演讲中言语引用之批评分析的论文分析 商务英语电子邮件体裁分析,Analysis framework： 题目 研究主题 选题依据 研究方法 研究问题 研究对象/被试 收集数据方法 研究设计 数据分析方法 研究结果,Comments on the homework,What shall we do to write a thesis?,问题分析与选题 研究方案设计 论文

23、写作 时间管理 研究道德 答辩,毕业论文写作能力,Three stages in the process,Prewriting research (17 steps) Writing summarizing in language (10 steps) Editing and completion (5 steps),Prewriting: 17 steps,(1) Managing your time (2) Locating your interest (3) Selecting a topic (4) Familiarizing yourself with the research ba

24、ckground (5) Discovering existing studies and ideas (6) Reading the relevant literature (7) Taking notes (8) Discovering questions and problems,(9) Focusing on your research (10) Preparing a preliminary bibliography (11) Formulating the thesis statement (12) Asking the research question (13) Identif

25、ying the appropriate research method (14) Looking for theoretical support (15) Collecting data (16) Doing experiments and statistical analysis (17) Conducting interviews and surveys,A Research Proposal,Homework,Read critically the three papers in group, and write a report. Work with your tutor, and

26、locating your research topic. Prepare a working bibliography.,how to read a thesis how to write a thesis,What we have to achieve?,Research Steps,界定问题 分析问题 设计研究 收集数据 解释数据 总结研究,What Are Your Data? No matter their field, researchers collect information to use as evidence to support their claims. But re

27、searchers in different fields call that information by different names. We call it data. By data we mean not just the numbers that natural and social scientists collect, but anything you find “out there” relevant to answering your research question.,-Booth, C. Wayne, et al. 2008. The Craft of Resear

28、ch (3rd edition). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. P32,Thesis Analysis,(1) Managing your time,Timetable X月X日星期X，学生完成开题，填写好开题报告交给导师。 X月X日星期X，学生完成初稿交给导师。 X月X日星期X，学生完成修改稿交给导师。 X月X日星期X，学生将论文终稿三份交于导师。 X月X日星期X，请老师们将改好分数、写好评语的学生论文交给教务员。 X月X日星期X，请老师来学院领取答辩小组的学生论文评阅。 X月X日星期X，学生、老师参加答辩。,(2) Locating

29、your interest,6 academic research areas for English majors,Your interest Focus on the input of your courses Go to the library and read source materials (books, periodical indexes, encyclopeadias) Search Internet for ideas Ask questions about your general interest Talk with others,Tips for choosing a

30、 topic,(3) Selecting a topic,不适当的选题： 麦当劳为什么一直这么牛？ 浅谈超前消费是否适合现今中国年轻消费群 英国的足球文化 丰田汽车如何称霸全球 如何成为全面的高级英语人材 良好的中美关系有利于世界和平 中国经济之我见 中国进入WTO后所面临的挑战 从“龙”一词的文化内涵看汉英文化的差异 全球金融危机对2008年秋交会的影响及应对策略,不适当的选题： 中西妇女社会地位的比较研究 美国女权运动以及对我国女性社会地位的影响 翻译的归化与异化 英语商标翻译 透过吸血鬼和僵尸看中西文化 房价升降的社会因素研究 人力资源的调配与成本的核算 谈中国电子商务的利弊 商务英语专

31、业课程设置与改革 “合作学习”策略在英语教学中的应用 任务型教学法的理论与实践 北京及上海旅游景点公示语中英翻译错误及纠错对策,(4) Familiarizing yourself with the research background,(5) Discovering existing studies and ideas,Why? How? the library (books, journals) the internet search engines （百度, 谷歌, 谷歌学术搜索，A, W, A) online periodicals ( 中国期刊网， 维普期刊

32、数据库 万方数据知识库 ),(6) Reading the relevant literature,Think critically while you read. Evaluate the source (author, publisher, date, periodicals, content). Learn to give up. Begin from the easier literature, and develop a clear line.,(7) Taking notes,Dont rely too much on your memory.,What to note? The

33、facts or ideas useful to you research The source of these facts and ideas (cf. bibliography card) A key word,The bibliographic information author or authors year of publication the title of the book, paper, article, etc. place of publication, if applicable publisher page numbers, if applicable where

34、 the source is, i.e. where do you find the item,Lakoff, G. and M. Johnson. 1980. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 刘绍龙.2002.英语词汇知识的维间发展与习得特征.解放军外国语学院学报, 2:66-69.,How to note? Uniform in size Putting one item on one card Writing on front, keeping the back blank Being thoroug

35、h and concise,Types of notes Direct quotation Summary/Precis Paraphrase Outline Personal comment,(8) Discovering questions and problems,(9) Focusing on your research,(10) Preparing a working bibliography,Homework,Analyze the three papers in group, and write a report. Read Chapter 6 and Chapter 7. Po

36、lish your working bibliography, and write down your thesis statement, the rationale for the research focus, and planned research method.,Research Steps 1,界定问题 分析问题 设计研究 收集数据 解释数据 总结研究,Thesis Framework 1 题目 研究主题 选题依据 研究方法 研究问题 研究对象/被试 收集数据方法 研究设计 数据分析方法 研究结果,Thesis Analysis,澳大利亚小说中边缘人物形象分析 论“视听说”的认知基

37、础和实践策略,Research Steps 2,界定问题 分析问题 理论框架 论证与阐释,Thesis Framework 2 题目 研究主题 选题依据 研究方法 研究对象 研究问题 理论框架 论证/阐释 总结,Deduction,Induction,V.S.,Research Approach,Pivots in the writing process,P1: Focusing on your research,Milestones in the writing process,Focusing on your research Identifying the appropriate res

38、earch method,Thesis Analysis,公示语翻译研究综述,Elements of literature review (P74) To define or review definitions and key concepts To show what has been previously studied in the field To summarize other peoples writings (investigation needed) To clear the ground for your own research (purpose of your rese

39、arch),P2: Identifying the appropriate research method,More research methods,Case study 个案研究指长时期或短时期内对某一行为进行集中研究能够收集其他研究方法所不能观察到的详细资料，它通常以这样一个假设为基础，即从某一特定个人、小组、群体等中收集而来的资料，对于其他个人、小组或群体也同样适用。 Richards，J.C., etc. 2000. Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching & Applied Linguistics. Beijing: FLTRP.,深入地调查一个案例，以充分地了解与这个案例有关联的各方面的因素，这就是我们通常说的“解剖麻雀”的方法。 桂诗春、宁春岩，1997:94,Homework,Write a complete literature review for your research. Develop you research method in details. Read Chapter 8 ,