化学工程与工艺专业英语-绪论2

1、Concise 精练,logical 逻辑,Objective 客观,The whole experiments were conducted in three steps. The three steps were adding the solution into the beaker, raising the temperature to 80oC, and mataining the temperature for 15 min.,We controlled the temperature between 90-100oC.,The distillation tower is 10 me

2、ters high.,Shortening the reaction time to 10 min is too difficult.,My name is XXX. I come form XXX. Now, Im a 3-year college student. My major is XXX. Although I enjoy music and lots of sports, XXX is my favorite. As to my character, Im a optimistic boy (or girl). I like English, but my oral (or sp

3、oken) English is not very good. Last time, My CET-4 exam was failed. I hope I have good luck this time. By the way, nice to meet you (glad to see you). Thanks.,Personal Introduction,Content,Chemical Process Industry,Chemical Technology,Chemical Engineering,Frontiers of Chemical Engineering,Chemical

4、Process Industry,welcome to use these PowerPoint templates, New Content design, 10 years experience,Is the chemical industry capital- or labor-intensive?,Line1. date back （to）追溯至 Line2. It may be considered to It: chemical industry,化工产业是资本密集型的还是劳动力密集型的？,Line4. alkali 碱 bleaching 漂白 silicon 二氧化硅 sodi

5、um carbonate 碳酸钠 inorganic 无机的 Line4-5. soapmaking and glassmaking Line5. It will be noted (注意到)that these are all inorganic chemicals.,Para.1,The Origins of the Chemistry Industry,Line8: emphasis on research on pay off 还清,使人得益,有报偿 handsomely 可观的 handsome,Line9: cause result in the result result res

6、ult from cause Line10: base on, due to, attribute to(because),Line6: syntheticsynthesissynthesize Line6. exploitation dyestuff = dye+stuff Line7. mauve 苯胺紫（染料）,contact process for sulphuric acid 接触法硫酸生产工艺 plus. Prep .加.加上 breakthrough n, (军事)突围，突破，（科技）重大成就，关键问题的解决。,The latter required a major techno

7、logical breakthrough that of being able to carry out chemical reactions under conditions of very high pressure for the first time.,The experience gained with this was to stand Germany in good stead. stand sb . in good stead 给某人好处，对某人有用,Line10-12,Line11,Line13,Germany Chemistry,Humboldt (洪堡) scholars

8、hip,Wiley,2,3,1,Line16: initiate 创始，开始（vt.） start, originate, launch,sulphuric 硫的 ammonia 氨（水） ammonium 铵（基） fertilizer 肥料 nitric （含）氮的，硝 酸根的,Line1: at a remarkable rate at the rate of 120km/h 显著的，明显的 remarkable, apparent, dramatic, obvious, distict, clear,Line2: 重要的 significant major important,4,Li

9、ne14-15,Para.2,Line2: lion 最好的部分 share 份额 the lions share 较大部分，最大部分,Line2-3: due to 由于 petrochemical = petrol + chemical,Line3-4: the explosive growth 形容速度快（fast, quick） largely due to 主要的，大部分的 (mainly) enormous 巨大,Line5: polymer 聚合物 polyethylene 聚乙烯 polypropylene 聚丙烯 nylon 尼龙 polyester 聚酯 epoxy 环氧树

10、脂 resin 树脂,diverse 不同的，互异的，多种的，多样的 (versatile) within which it plays a central role. which: manufacturing industry it: chemical industry,These products are purchased 被动语态,non-stick coating(不粘表面，不粘涂层) for pans or a weedkiller (weed+killer 除草剂),Thus = Therefore = As a result =So,Para.3,alkali 碱 silico

11、n 二氧化硅 inorganic 无机的 organic 有机的 syntheticsynthesissynthesize sulphuric 硫的 ammonia 氨（水） nitric （含）氮的，硝酸根的,Short Review,date back （to）追溯至 It will be noted 注意到 cause result in the result base on, due to, attribute to(because) 显著的，明显的 remarkable, apparent, dramatic obvious, distict, clear 重要的significan

12、t, major, important, top Thus = Therefore = As a result =So,The efforts that have been made to explain optical phenomena by means of the hypothesis of a medium having the same physical character as an elastic solid body led, in the first instance, to the understanding of a concrete example of a medi

13、um which can transmit transverse vibrations, and at a later stage to the definite conclusion that there is no luminiferous medium having the physical character assumed in the hypothesis. 为了解释光学现象，人们曾试图假定有一种具有 与弹性固体相同的物理性质的介质。这种尝试的结果， 最初曾使人们了解到一种能传输横向振动的介质的具体实例， 进一步使人们得到明确的结论，即没有具有上述假定所认为 的那种物理性质的发光介

14、质。,Long sentence,At the turn of the century there would have been little difficulty in defining what constituted the chemical industry since only a very limited range of products was manufactured and these were clearly chemicals, e.g., alkali, sulphuric acid. At present, however, many thousands of c

15、hemicals are produced, from raw materials like crude oil through(in some cases) many intermediates to products which may be used directly as consumer goods, or readily converted into them.,2. Definition of the Chemical Industry,Short sentence,At the turn of the century there would have been little d

16、ifficulty in defination The defination what constituted the chemical industry little difficulty is because: only a very limited range of products was manufactured these were clearly chemicals, e.g., alkali, sulphuric acid. At present (different cases) many thousands of chemicals are produced The pro

17、ducts are from raw materials to products The raw materials: like crude oil through many intermediates The products may be used directly as consumer goods, or readily converted into them.,Line5-7,Line7-8,The difficultly comes in deciding at which point in this sequence the particular operation ceases

18、 to be part of the chemical industrys sphere of activities。,dilemma 困境，进退两难 emulsion 乳胶，乳液 poly (vinyl chloride) 聚氯乙烯（PVC） ? poly (vinyl acetate) 聚醋酸乙烯酯 （PVA） ?,Line9-12,polymerization 聚合（polymerpolymerize） formulation 配方，组成 ingredient 混合物的成分 decorate 装饰（verb）,困难在于在这个连续过程中 哪一点特定的操作 终止了化学工业范围的活动部分。,P

19、ara.2,It is therefore apparent that, because of its diversity of operations and close links in many areas with other industries, there is no simple definition of the chemical industry. 因此，很明显的，由于化学工业业务的多样性及其在许多方面与其他行业的密切联系，没有了化学工业的简单定义。 Instead each official body which collects and publishes statist

20、ics on manufacturing industry will have its definition as to which operations are classified as “the chemical industry” . 而是负责收集和发布制造业统计信息的每一个官方机构，对于哪些业务被归为“化学工业”有其自己的定义。,1,bear 多个意思 载运，负荷，有，显示，怀有（情感）, 适合于，生（孩子），生产，忍受，具有.,3,derived from 源于,2,statistical 统计的 statistics (n.) 统计 statistician 统计员,3. The

21、 Need for Chemical Industry,tremendous 巨大的，非常的 同义词： enormous emence magnificant great huge,Para.1,pharmaceutical 制药的 pharmaceutics 制药学 pharmacist 药剂师,provided. =if. 如果，假如,Line 1,pose n.姿势，伪装，态度；vi.vt.摆姿势，提出，讲述,paramount 最高的，高于 优于（to） primary dominant chief top main most,in ones turn 值班 替代 依次,吃穿住行 food clothing shelter (housing) transport (traveling),Para.2,Line 6,Line 6,Line 7,nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium 氮，磷，钾 N, P, K,pesticides 杀虫剂（pest+cide） veterinary 兽医 livestock 家畜 infection 感染，传染病 Bacterial 细菌的 bacteria antibioti