英语集体主义.ppt

1、collectivism,Abstract but Really existence,In July 1934 , Stalin put forward the Collectivism in a conversation with British writer Wells.,What is the collectivism?,Everybody may have the different opinions about collectivism and they could not define that accurately. It is wonderful. collectivism (

2、shared by all the members of a group together) 集体、共同拥有,The official explanation for collectivism,Collectivism, it advocates that the individual belongs to society, personal interests should be obey group and country . Its the highest standard of speech and action are all accord with peoples collecti

3、ve interests .,Collectivism In China,The collectivism of Japan,In Japan the group is the fundamental unit and individualism in Japan is tantamount to selfishness .An often-quoted proverb in Japan is “the nail that sticks up will be pounded down .” Any assertion of individualism (valuing the individu

4、al over the group ) is regard as a threat to the group and will result in punishment by the group. Japanese managers are closely tied to the department the manage , which is also highly cooperative and close-knit. Organizations can count on the loyalty and wholehearted commitment of their employees.

5、 Organizations have their own songs ,their own uniforms, and their own ways to build loyalty.,uniforms,MORE,Throughout Asia, in varying degrees, collectivism is celebrated. This is not surprising, considering the high value given to relationships in these cultures . Harmony among the interdependent

6、group members is the key ,and it takes priority above nearly all other values. In collectivist cultures where interdependence is valued, individuals do not seek recognition and are uncomfortable if it is given. We call the people who died for collective hero .,Some examples about collectivism,Person

7、 A must meet a visitor at the airport, but finds the means of transportation relied to get to the airport is not available. So person A asks Person B to provide transportation to the airport. In India, friendship means a willingness to be indebted (受惠) . In fact ,in some languages in India ,no word

8、exists for “thanks”; if one is in a relationship ,one incurs indebtedness and one is expected to repay the debt owed .No words are necessary. Nor does one hesitate to request a favor of a friend; that is what friendship means.,People in some cultures are not happy about being indebted, and often try

9、 to repay and thus erase the debt as quickly as possible. For example ,person A ,who wants to go to the airport but does not have transportation, might hire a taxi rather than ask someone to make a special trip. Similarly , rarely are gifts given for no specific reason, they are made to seem unimpor

10、tant by a casual giving style. The reason :the giver does not want to make the receiver feel too heavily obligated.,The dominant culture in the United States , with its value of individual responsibility ,invented the pot-luck dinner (everybody brings a dish and thus nobody is host and nobody is indebted ), and “going Dutch” (people who go to a restaurant together or attend other entertainment and pay their own bill ). But Asians, Europeans and Middle-Easterners are appalled; their values of hospitality and of indebtedness as the mark of a relationship are strikingly different