13.不定式-中考英语专题复习.ppt

1、动词不定式,The Infinitive,动词不定式,动词不定式在句子中用法灵活，作用很大，是中考中重要的考查项目之一，大家一定要学好吆！,肯定式：to + 动词原形 否定式：not to + 动词原形 (to是不定式符号，无意义，有时可以不带),(一) 动词不定式的基本形式,词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成分（主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语）；动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时还保持动词的某些特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语，动词不定式和它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。,（二）动词不定式的特征,On

2、the way to school on the way to see a film I want to borrow a dictionary. Turn to Page32. Could I speak to Mr. Smith, please? They began to read and write. He is used to getting up early. Help yourself to some fish . She asked me to speak a little louder. She found him to be a very good pupil. If ev

3、eryone makes a contribution to protecting the environment, ,你知道 是不定式还是介词?,to,不定式之前的to与介词to不同。介词to之后要跟名词、代词或相当于名词的短语作宾语；而不定式to之后必须跟动词原形。,介 词to: to+名词/代词/动名词 不定式to: to+动词原形,作主语,to do 作主语，常放句尾， 用it作形式主语,1. It be adj. n. to do sth. Its good to see you.,To see is to believe.,2. It takes sb. some time to

4、do sth.,Its difficult to learn maths well.,Exercise,跳舞非常有趣。 种些植物是非常有必要的。 说英语对我来说并不容易。 听到你的声音真高兴。,To dance is a lot of fun.,It is a lot of fun to dance.,To grow plants is very necessary.,To hear your voice is so nice.,To speak English is not easy for me.,It is so nice to hear your voice.,1、It is nece

5、ssary _us to learn to wait. (of/for) 2、It was careless _me to break the cup . （of/for) 3、It took them 1,000 yuan _this table.(buy) 4、Where _the corner is a difficult problem.(turn),to buy,for,of,to turn,5、Whether _there hasnt been decided . (go) 6、轮到我们打扫教室了。 7、To save time is to lengthen life. （翻译成中

6、文）,to go,Its our turn to clean the classroom.,节省时间就是延长生命。,作表语,To see is to believe.,他的愿望是成为一名医生。,His wish is to be a doctor.,Exercise,我的工作是每天打扫这间屋子。 最上策的计划就是马上离开这儿。 3 我的梦想就是成为一名科学家。,My work is to clean the room every day.,The best plan is to leave at once.,My dream is to be a scientist.,作宾语 (v. + to

7、 do ) I want to buy a computer. She hopes to find a better job. I wish to go with you. need to do learn to do agree to do plan to do decide to do refuse to do begin to do start to do try to do forget to do remember to do like to do stop to dogo on to do,Oh,记住了吗? 我跳的脚都酸了!,Exercise,他想借用我的录音机。 他们开始读和写。

8、 李琳喜欢玩什么？她喜欢踢足球。 你长大了想做什么？,He wants to borrow my radio.,They began to read and write.,What sports does Li Lin like to play? She likes to play soccer.,What do you want to be when you grow up?,作宾语补足语：(v. + sb. + to do ),She asked me to help her. The teacher told him to come on time. Edisons mother tau

9、ght him to read and write. want sb to dowish sb to do get sb to doorder sb to do find sb to be like sb to do would like sb to dohelp sb to do,、他要求我再大声点儿。 、Lucy告诉他不要哭。 3、吉姆告诉李明由衷地祝福每个人。 、他让我再做一次。,She asked me to speak louder.,Lucy told him not to cry.,Jim told Li Ming to give his best wishes to every

10、body.,He let me do it again.,作宾语补足语不带to 的情况：,Let me do it. I saw him cross the street. 常见动词有： 使役动词: let, make, have 感官动词: see, watch, hear, feel, listen to 比较： I heard her singing in the next room. I heard her sing in the next room.,常用省去to的动词不定式作补足语的动词有：“一感（feel）、二听（hear, listen to）、三让（make, let, ha

11、ve）、四看（look at, see, watch, notice）”,Please listen to me sing this song again. I felt someone open my door. The boss made the girl work ten hour a day. You must watch me carefully do everything.,1、We feel the train _.(move/to move) 2、Do you like listening to other people_? (talk / talking/to talk )

12、3、Jim was seen _the room. (enter /to enter ) 4、Please tell her _at once . (go /not to go),move,talk,to enter,not to go,5、Ill help you _this problem. (to solve /solve ) 6、 I wish you to stay with us.(改成复合句） 7、Her story made us laugh. (改成被动句）,(to ) solve,I wish you will stay with us.,We were made to l

13、augh by her story.,作状语 (adverbial)：,He came to show me his new CD player. I went there to see my teacher. She came back to get her English book. The boy was too frightened to move.,(目的),(目的),(目的),(结果),I am glad to see you.,（原因）,Im sorry to trouble you.,（原因）,作定语,Have you get anything to say?,Hes look

14、ing for a room to live in?,She has no clothes to wear?,用作定语,Give me something to drink.,I have two books to read.,They have much food to eat.,（这时不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系。 若是不及物动词，介词不能省略）,He asked for a room to live in.,I dont have a pen to write with.,The ice is hard to skate on.,He bought a toy to play with.,

15、1 我有许多书要看。 2 她有几个问题要问。 . 我没什么可担心的。,I have many books to read.,She has a few questions to ask.,I have nothing to worry about.,、他是一个值得信赖的人。 、 爱迪生是第一个发明电灯的人。 、 他那生病母亲最多可活三个月。,He is a man to believe in.,Edison was the first man to invent the lights.,His sick mother has three months to live at most.,不定式与

16、疑问词连用,常用动词有: ask know learn teach tell understand等。,疑问词who, what, which, where, when, how 加to do可构成不定式短语，在句中可用作主语、 宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。,When to start has not been decided.,I dont know what to do.,He can tell you where to get the book.,The question is who(m) to ask.,something + to do,She has nothing to say.

17、,I want something to eat.,Would you like something to drink?,Is there anything to eat?,something + adj. + to do,Give something hot to drink.,I need something nice to wear to the party next month.,Do you have anything cold to drink?,我太累了，难于入睡。,小男孩吓得一步也动不了。,The boy was too frightened to move.,I was to

18、o tired to sleep.,too + adj. / adv + to do, 太(以致) 不能(做),too for sb / sth to do ,这箱子太沉了,他抬不起来.,The box is too heavy for him to lift.,The box is so heavy that he cant lift it.,黎明太激动了，一句话也说不出来。,Li Ming was too excited to say a word.,Li Ming was so excited that he couldnt say a word.,adj. + enough to do

19、 sth. 十分（足够）,他很富有，可以买辆小汽车。,He is rich enough to buy a car.,He is so rich that he can buy a car.,adv + enough to do ,她跑得够快了，完全可以第一个到达。,She runs fast enough to get there first.,She runs so fast that she can get there first.,stop to do stop doing 停下来去做某事 停止做某事go on to do go on doing 继续做另一件事 继续做原来在做的事re

20、member to do remember doing 记住要做某事 记得曾经做过某事forget to do forget doing 忘记要做某事 忘记曾经做过某事,1、我记得以前见过你。,I remember seeing you.,Remember to turn off the light when you leave.,2、离开时请记得关灯。,动词不定式的注意点： 1begin/ start/ hate/ like/love/ plan/ prefer，etc. Vt.+to do sth.和 Vt.+doing 意义相似 2但forget / remember / go on /

21、 stop / try ,etc Vt.+to do sth.和 Vt.+doing 意义不相同,动词不定式的注意点： 3. 介词 to 与不定式 to 的区别 be used to习惯于 thanks to 由于,多亏 prefer to 比较 make a contribution to 为 作贡献 write to 写信给 according to 根据 Look forward to 期待，盼望,Exercises,!,Mother asked me _at home .(stay) 2,Lets _a rest.( have) 3,I saw him_a book. (drop) 4

22、,He found it very difficult _to sleep. (get ) 5,She went to the USA_English. (learn) 6,I have much homework _.(do) 7,I am sorry _you. (trouble) 8,He spent 2 hours _his bike. (mend) 9,Mother taught me _and _.(read, write) 10,she is old enough _to school. (go) 11,He will tell me before he _ .(leave),你

23、学会了吗?,to stay,have,drop,to get,to learn,to do,to trouble,mending,to read,write,to go,leaves,1,Is he sure _here on time tomorrow? A. being B. come C. to come D. coming 2,I will try _the pen _quickly. A. to use, writing B. to use, to write C,to use, write 3,It was the first newspaper _on train. A. to

24、sell B. selling C. sold 4,There are 20 more trees _. A. plant B. are planted C. to be planted 5,I dont know _. A, what to do it B, how to do C, how to surf 6,Jim asked me _to China. A, where to go B, what to bring C, when to bring,C,B,C,C,C,B,单项选择,Tell him _ the window.,A. shut B. not to shut,C. to

25、not shut D. not shut,B,I dont know _ next.,A. what to do B. to do what,C. which to do D. how to do,A,It is very important _ us _ it. A. to, to remember B. for, to remember C. for, remembering D. to, remembering,B,It took us more than two hours _ the dinner. A. prepare B. preparing C. to prepare D. b

26、e prepared,C,We felt the earth _. A. move B. moving C. to move D. be moved,A,There is going to _ an im-portant meeting tomorrow. Please try _ late. A. have / not to be B. have / not be C. be / not to be D. be / not be,C,Lucy, could you please help me _ the map on the blackboard? A. put into B. put u

27、p C. put out D. put on,B,At last, he decided _ his mother to the hospital. A. take B. took C. to take D. taking,C,The news made us _ sad. A. feeling B. to feel C. feel D. felt,C,Its time for Meimei and _ to work. A. me to go B. I to go C. me going D. I going,A,Would you like _ for me? A. to make a k

28、ite B. make a kite C. making a kite,A,My mother always tells me _ there. A. not go B. not to go C. go D. dont go,B,Mother is ill. Wed better _ her to the hospital. A. to take B. taking C. take D. takes,C,Its very nice _ you to say so. A. for B. of C. to D. in,B,Is there _ in todays newspaper? A. any

29、thing important B. something important C. nothing important,A,What about _ fishing to-morrow? A. to go B. go C. going D. went,C,Only one can have an apple, _ you _ Mary. A. both, and B. not, but C. neither, nor D. either, or,D,The population of Shanghai is larger than _ of Wuhan. A. these B. this C. that D. those,C,Would you get some chalk for me? _. A. Yes, please B. Why not C. Wi