《非谓语动词讲解及》PPT课件.ppt

1、非谓语动词讲解及分析 刘宏斌,分类及句法功能,时态、语态、否定,主语中的使用(1),1. (1) 教你们英语是我今天的工作。 (2) 教你们英语是我的工作。 他在会上被批评是她很生气。 批评会使你进步。 4. 眼见为实，耳听为虚。,To teach you is my job today.,Teaching you English is my job.,His being scolded at the meeting made him angry.,Scolding will make you get more progress.,To see is to believe=Seeing is

2、believing,主语中的使用（2）,It is /was no good/no use/+doing It is/was useless/pointless/of no use/of no good +doing There is /was no doing(不.,不允许) There is /was no point/no use/no good/no trouble/no difficulty (in) doing It is/was strange (odd, crazy, hopeless,funny,nice,better,enjoyable, tiring) +doing或to

3、 do都可以，含义上没有实质性差别。,表语,1. 我今天的工作是替王先生教你们英语。 2.我的工作是教英语。 3.这消息真是令人兴奋。 4.听到这令人兴奋的消息他很兴奋。 5.眼见为实，耳听为虚。 6.规律：(1)不定式表示一次性或是具体的行为或动作；动名词表示反复或是经常的动作、行为 （2）现在分词表示的是事物的性质或特征；过去分词表示的是主语的状态或是心理活动。 （3）不定式或动名词作主语或表语时要保持一致。,Today my job is to teach you English instead of Mr.Wang.,My job is teaching English.,The ne

4、w is very exciting.,He was excited at the exciting news,To see is to believe=Seeing is believing.,宾语中的使用 （不定式）,1.只接不定式： 2.疑+不定式： 3.介+疑+不定式： They are talking about how to get there on time. Give me some advice on what to buy. 注意：作but, except的宾语，规律是： （1）他什么也没有做，就是看电视。 (2) 他没得选择，只能看电视。,afford, agree, a

5、sk, begin, decide, long, aim, hope, learn, manage, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish,wonder, know, discover, think, tell, discuss, find, teach,有do无to,无do 有to,He did nothing but watch TV.,He had no choice but to watch TV.,宾语中的使用（动名词）,1.只用动名词作宾语admit, advise, appriciate, deny ,consider, miss,

6、 finish, enjoy, imagine, risk等。（见语法书p183） 2. attempt, begin, start, continue, cease（停止）,intend, omit（忽略）,commence(开始）上述词接动名词与不定时没有实质区别。 3.love,like,prefer,hate,dread等接动名词表示动作经常发生，接不定式表示特定的具体动作。 4.allow,advise,forbid,permit,encourage,urge等动词后如有sb/sth作宾语，用不定式作宾补；如果没有接动名词作宾语。 5.动名词做介词的宾语，可以参考语法书p185,定语

7、中的使用（不定式）,1.I have a lot of homework to do tonight, so I cant go with you for the movie. 2. Do you have anything to be typed ,Sir?(被动） No, you may take a rest. 3.He is a very nice man to get along with. 4.There is nobody around to turn to for help. 5.He is always the first to come and the last to go

8、. 6.The party to be held tonight will attract a lot of famous persons. 7.其他信息可以参阅语法书p173,定语中的使用（动名词）,1.动名词作定语表示用途或是目的。 a swimming pool=a pool that/which is used to swim in a walking stick=a stick that/which is used to walk with 2.比较下面短语,注意分析 ing的属性。 a sleeping boy a sleeping car,现在分词,动名词,定语中的使用（现在分词

9、）,1.表示动作正在进行，或无确切的时间 （1） Who is the man standing there ? （2）There is a tree standing in front of our house. （3）He shows us around the house being built there now . 2.说明中心词所具体有的动作功能，译成使、令人。 a moving story; the surprising news; a tiring job,定语中的使用（过去分词）,1.过去分词和中心词之间是被动关系，时间上是完成的概念。 The building built

10、last year can hold 1000 people. 注意：比较the building to be built /being built 的差别 2. 表示动作的完成 The ground is covered with fallen leaves. Japan is a developed country, while China belongs to the less developed/developing countries. 3.表示人的心理活动状态 The puzzled look on his face suggested that he didnt understa

11、nd the question at all.,状语（不定式）,1.目的状语 ：in order to ,so as to ,to In order to catch the first train ,he got up early. He stood up in order to /to/so as to let me pass. 2. 原因状语 放在表情感或是心理方面的adj/pp之后，来说明产生情绪的原因。 Im very happy to see you here. He was disappointed to hear that he failed again.,状语（不定式）,3.

12、结果状语 tooto ,soas to, suchas to, only to Im too tired to go there. He arrived at the station, only to be told that the train had just left. He was so kind as to help me with my English.,状语（现在分词）,1、时间状语 Hearing the news ,he cried.=As soon as he heard the news, he cried. Wandering along the street ,I m

13、et an old friend.= When/While wandering along the street, I met an old friend.=When/While I was wandering along the street, I met an old friend. 2.原因状语 Not knowing what to do ,he was at a loss. Having walked for a long time, we all felt tired.,状语（现在分词）,3、伴随/方式状语 Dont sit there ,doing nothing. He cam

14、e running all the way. 4、结果状语 They fired at the enemies, killing two. His parents died ,leaving him an orphan. Football is played in more than 180 countries in the world, making it the most popular game.,状语（现在分词）,5.条件状语 Standing on the top of the hill, you can see the whole town clearly.=If you stan

15、d on the top of the hill ,you can see the whole town clearly. Working hard ,you will be successful.=If you work hard ,you will be successful. Thinking it over ,you will find the answer to the puzzle.=If you think it over ,you will find the answer to the puzzle.,状语（现在分词）,6.目的状语 They worked day and ni

16、ght, trying to find a solution to the question. We stayed in the cave for several nights, hoping to find the night activities of the rare monkeys The wounded tiger wandered in the forest, looking for food.,状语（现在分词）,7.让步状语 Though working hard, he still failed in the important exam. Although not havin

17、g the most advanced system, they still processed the data accurately and quickly.,状语（过去分词）,1.方式或伴随状语 The teacher came in ,followed by his students . The old woman enjoyed the beautiful sunset near the window ,seated easily in his armchair. His father used to sit on the bench for a long time, complet

18、ely lost in thought. Finally we arrived home, tired and hungry. The boss sat back into his chair ,satisfied with his work.,状语（过去分词）,2.时间状语（可与when，while ,once ,until, till, whenever等从属连词连用） My little brother never does his homework until told to several time.=My little brother never his homework unti

19、l he is told to several times. Heated, the metal expends .=When the metal is heated ,it expends. Seen from the top of the mountain ,the village is more beautiful.=When the village is seen from the top of the mountain ,it is more beautiful.,状语（过去分词）,3.原因状语 Given the chance to take part in the contest

20、, she felt very excited.=Because He was given the chance to take part in the contest, she felt very excited. Seriously polluted ,the water in the river is not safe to drink.=Because the water in the river is seriously polluted, it is not safe to drink.,状语（过去分词）,4.条件状语（可与if ,unless等从属连词连用） Provided w

21、ith more money, we could have done the job better.=If we had been provided with more money, we could have done the job better. Taken proper care of, the computer can be used for another five years.=If the computer is taken proper care of, it can be used for another five years.,状语（过去分词）,5.让步状语（通常和tho

22、ugh, although, even if, even though连用） Even if given the chance, I wont take it. I wont go to her birthday party even though invited. Though told many times not to play truant, the boy still does. Although given the facts, I still wouldnt believe it.,补语 （不定式）,1.使役动词和感官动词后宾语的补语，to要省略。常见的词有：have ,let,

23、 make, see, notice, observe, look at, watch, hear, listen to, feel, smell, taste. I will have someone help me do the job. They made me do the work for them. Did you notice anyone come into the office? 被动结构中，原来的宾补做主补，to必须保留。,补语（不定式）,2.think,consider,suppose,feel,believe,imagine,prove,find等动词宾语后，作宾语的不定式，一般仅限于to be 形式，且to be 可以省略。 I found him (to be) a good boy. We believe it (to be ) right. His theory proved (to be) wrong. 3. Call on, ask for ,wait for, depend on, prepare for 等短语后要用带to 的不定式作宾补。 The party calls on us young people to work hard for the country.,补语（不定式）,They ar