翻译方法--直译和意译.ppt

1、英汉词义（范围）对比,英、汉两种语言中词义完全对应、作用或范围完全 对等的词不多，大多只是在词义上部分重合。,1. 部分英语词汇的涵义范围比相应的汉语词汇宽泛。,e.g. Stand-站/立 A tall poplar tree once stood here. 2) The house has stood idle for months. 3) The clock stands at ten to eight.,这儿曾经有一棵高大的白杨树。,那所房子闲置了几个月了。,那个钟上的时间是7点50分。,3. 部分英语词汇的涵义范围比相应的汉语词汇狭窄。,e.g. eat-吃 吃药 吃回扣 吃惊 吃

2、香 吃苦 吃老本,take medicine,get commission,be amazed,be popular,bear hardships,live off ones past gains,万- ten thousand,万众 万物 万幸 万全之策 万事开头难,millions of people,all things on the earth,very lucky,a completely safe plan,The first step is always difficult.,4. 部分英语词汇的涵义范围比相应的汉语词汇既 宽广又狭窄。,e.g. Make-做 What you

3、said just now does not make sense. 2) She makes her living as a designer. 3）这次我做东。 4）外国科学家做到的，中国科学家一定能够做到，而且能做得更好。,你刚才说的话没有意义。,她当设计师以维持生计。,It is my treat today.,What foreign scientists have accomplished, Chinese scientists can also accomplish, and can even do better job of it.,Book - 书,The companys

4、books are audited every year. He is to swear on the Book before taking office. 她家世代书香。 4. 家书抵万金。,这家公司的账目每年都核对。,他上任前将手按圣经宣誓。,She comes from a long line of scholars.,A letter from home is worth ten thousand pieces of gold.,忠实：指的是译文必须完整准确地传达原文的思想 内容，保持原文的语气和文体风格。 通顺：是指译文必须通畅易懂，遣词造句应当符合 译语的语法规范和表达习惯。 在“

5、忠实”的前提下，摆脱原文结构形式的束缚， 按照译语的行文规范和表达习惯组织安排译文， 切不可逐词死译、硬译，从而避免洋腔洋调、生 硬别扭。,翻译标准：“忠实、通顺”,你越是努力学习英语，你说英语就会越好。 2. 据说他一直学英语。 3. 他要在美国学习的愿望是可以理解的。,The harder you study English, the better you speak it.,He is said to have been studying English./ It is said that he has been studying English.,His wish to study i

6、n America is quite understandable./ It is quite understandable that he wishes to study in America.,Where there is a will, there is a way. A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit. 3. Barking dogs do not bite. 4. All roads lead to Rome.,有志者事竟成。,吃一堑，长一智。,吠狗不咬人。,条条大路通罗马。/殊途同归。/异曲同工。,翻译的过程：正确理解妥帖表达细致校核,一

7、、正确理解 1.确切理解有关单词的意义。对比较难以理解 的单词，先判断词性，在利用各种语境线索 (上下文关系，搭配关系，逻辑关系等）确定词义。,1）This idea sounds good, but will it work in practice? 2）People from all works of life expressed their great respect to our soldiers because they are the loveliest people in the world.,这个主意听起来不错，但实际上行得通吗？,各行各业的人向战士们表达了崇高的敬意，因为 他

8、们是世界上最可爱的人。,Less visible, but probably more important, are the thousands of ways industry has put electric energy to work. 2) Love is like warm sunlight, which will not only bring joy to those who are loved but also add more pleasure to those who love.,2.弄清句子结构，明辨语法关系,工业中使用电能的多种途径虽然不是很明显，但可能 是很重要的。,

9、爱犹如温暖的阳光，它不仅会给被爱的人带来快乐， 也会给爱他的人带来更多的快乐。,二、妥帖表达：表达时从整体着眼，从细节入手， 避免表达过度或不足。遵循译文语言的表达习惯， 避免翻译腔。,1. For me personally, it was a blessing in disguise. 2. The thick carpet killed the sound of my footsteps. 3. You should not despise him because he is backward. 4. Reports of new successes keep pouring in. 5

10、. He sold hard-to-get items.,这就我个人而言，是祸中得福。,我走在厚厚的地毯上，一点脚步声也没有。,不要因为某人落后，你们就看不起他。,捷报频传,他兜售紧俏商品。,三、细致校核： 1）内容理解上是否有误； 2）是否漏译、错译或生涩之处。 3）是否拼写错误或标点符号错误。,翻译方法：直译和意译,直译literal translation：是指不仅忠实于原文内容 而且忠实于原文形式的翻译方法。直译在保持原 文内容的前提下，力求使译文与原文在选词用字、 句法结构、形象比喻及风格特征等方面尽可能趋 于一致。,He looks at everything through co

11、lored spectacles. He is a wolf in sheeps clothing. 眼见为实 别相信他，他是个大坏蛋。,他戴着有色眼镜看事物。,Seeing is believing.,Dont trust him, he is a bad egg.,他是一只披着羊皮的狼。,直译不仅容易理解接受，而且可以保存原文的 形象比喻，进而使译文尽可能同原文一样富有 感染力。 e.g. cold war hot line chain store ostrich policy black market pillar industry Trojan horse Crocodile tear

12、s olive branch go into the red a wait-and-see attitude Blood is thicker than water. Easier said than done Strike the iron while it is hot.,lie on ones back black tea bulls eye the Milky Way talk horse,仰卧,红茶,靶心,银河,吹牛,直译决不是生搬硬套、对号入座的硬译、死译。,橱窗里摆着的是什么东西？ Shopwindowindisplayediswhatthing? 2. 来就来，可是买这么多水果

13、干什么呀？ Comejustcome,butbuysomanyfruitsdowhat? 3. Ihavereadyourarticles.Iexpectedtomeetanolderman. 我读过你的文章，我期望见到一位更老的人。,直译与死译LiteralTranslationandStiffTranslation,Whatsthatinthe shopwindow?,Youaresokindtobringso manyfruitshere,thankyou.,我读过你的文章，想不到你这么年轻。,意译 free translation: 指忠实于原文内容而不拘泥 于原文结构形式与修辞手法的

14、翻译方法。由于不同 民族在历史渊源、文化传统、风俗习惯、地理环境 等诸多方面的差异，其语言不仅在词语结构上，而 且在表达方式上也必然存在许多不同之处。,e.g. 进退维谷 between the devil and the deep blue sea 画蛇添足 carry coals to Newcastle,我不知道他葫芦里卖的是啥药？,I dont know what he has got up in his sleeve.,Good medicine is bitter in the mouth. 2. Born with a silver spoon in his mouth, Tom

15、 is really a luck dog. 3. It is now thought that the more work we give our brains, the more work they are able to do.,良药苦口。,汤姆生在富贵人家，真是个幸运儿。,现在人们认为，脑筋越用越灵活。,意译决不是妄加删改、添油加醋的胡译、乱译。,1.Itrainscatsanddogs. 2.我就是跳进黄河也洗不清。 ItcantmakemecleanevenifIjumpintotheYellowRiver. 3.Criminalsmustbemadetoseetheconsequ

16、encesoftheir crimes.“Aneyeforeyeandatoothfortooth”isthevery basisofJustice. 直译：必须使罪犯看到自己犯罪的结果，“以眼还眼， 以牙还牙”正是法制的基础。 意译：必须使罪犯看到自己犯罪的结果，“以其人之道 还治其人之身”正是法制的基础。,Nothingcouldbringbackmyinnocence.,雨下得很大。,两种语言间的差异就决定了英汉翻译中不可能 始终采用直译。否则，往往只能硬译，译文生 硬别扭甚至背离原意。在这种情况下，就须借 助于意译，摆脱原文结构形式和表达方式的束 缚，充分传达原文的意义。本质上，意译强

17、调 “神似”。,As timid as a hare To look for a needle in a haystack To laugh off ones head The apple of ones eye Put the cart before the horse Cash crops Small profits but quick returns Technical know-how,胆小如鼠,海底捞针,笑掉大牙,掌上明珠,本末倒置,经济作物,薄利多销,技术知识,直译和意译的关系 两种翻译方法各有千秋，在更多情况下互为补充、相辅相成。应根据具体场合灵活掌握、合理使用，使其取长补短、相

18、得益彰。有些句子，无论采取直译或意译，都 能达到通顺达意的效果。,The leopard cant change his spots. 一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚抬水吃，三个和尚没水吃。,豹子改不了身上的斑纹/本性难移。,One monk, two buckets of water; two monks, one bucket; three monks, no bucket./ More hands, less done.,It means killing two birds with one stone. 2. Business is a two-way street. 3.Hitler wa

19、s armed to the teeth when he launched the Second World War, but in a few years he was completely defeated.,这意味着一石两鸟/一举两得。,生意好比双行道/生意得有来有往。,希特勒在发动第二次世界大战时武装到了牙齿/装备精良 ，但是不过几年就被彻底击败了。,They were only crying crocodile tears at the old mans funeral because nobody had really liked him. 2. For White, to dis

20、close his long-held privacy means to strike the heel of Achilles. 3. Every time Robert visits me, one of my books disappears. Im beginning to smell a rat.,在老头子的葬礼上，他们只不过挤了几滴鳄鱼的 眼泪，因为在老人生前，没有人真的喜欢过他。,对怀特来说，要揭开他长期的隐私意味着攻击它的弱点。,罗伯特每来我这一次，我就丢一本书，于是我开始 起疑了。,“特洛伊木马”（Trojan horse）简称“木马”，据说这个名称 来源于希腊神话木马屠城记

21、。古希腊有大军围攻特洛 伊城，久久无法攻下。于是有人献计制造一只高二丈的大 木马，假装作战马神，让士兵藏匿于巨大的木马中，大部 队假装撤退而将木马摈弃于特洛伊城下。城中得知解围的 消息后，遂将“木马”作为奇异的战利品拖入城内，全城饮 酒狂欢。到午夜时分，全城军民尽入梦乡，匿于木马中的 将士开秘门游绳而下，开启城门及四处纵火，城外伏兵涌 入，部队里应外合，焚屠特洛伊城。后世称这只大木马为 “特洛伊木马”。如今黑客程序借用其名，有“一经潜入，后 患无穷”之意。 Trojan horse常用来指内部颠覆者 They are defeated only because of the Trojan ho

22、rse in their country. 他们战败的原因只是因为他们国内有暗藏的敌人。,ostrich policy “鸵鸟政策” 有时也写成head in the sand approach 据说鸵鸟在遭到外敌追赶不能逃脱时，就会让头钻进 沙里，以为自己什么都看不见就会太平无事。殊不知， 自己大大的屁股露在外面，更加引人注目。后来人们 用它来嘲讽拒绝面对现实 ，自欺欺人的政策 。 ostrich policy被广泛运用到外交和经济等领域而逐渐 流传开来。 意思是“逃避现实” head in the sand e.g. If there is a difficulty, you cannot just bury your head in the sand.（如果有困难，你不能逃避它）,olive branch橄榄枝即油橄榄的树枝，油橄榄是希腊的 国树，这与希腊人民心目中神圣女神雅典娜是分不开 的。果属山榄科常绿小灌木