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1、1,器官移植麻醉,Organ Transplantation,湘雅医院麻醉科 张海萍,席卿诈阎托朝鞋捶任蛋汤督镐妥痘百越疼吹被衬卖床铅解甥饮乃谆亩竟刻器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语,2,Anesthesia for Kidney Transplantation,Kidneys are the most common major organ transplanted,the success of kidney transplantation,which is largely due to advances in immunosuppressive therapy ,has

2、greatly improved the quality of life for patients with end-stage renal disease.,孟合牢灯买沉一叮脆和师往瞎伸天皂住寇摘神贫凝颖氢次瘁镑惺途贪牙诉器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语,3,Indications Patients with end-stage renal diseases and dependent on dialysis(透析) for a long time.,掀蹬缸撮纸茵萝般柠立黄猾炮霜枯商态欣忘弛圈刑接敌提由吴媚搐亿英烤器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语,4,

3、Characteristic of Pathophysiology,Changes of electrolyte and acid-base balance Water intoxication(水中毒),hyperkalemia(高钾), hyponatremia(低钠),hypernatremia(高钠)and metabolic acidemia(代酸).,蘸掘釉常逼陨盆槽塌硕朔笑符盂客岸硼壁秀凶卡授澳誉酣敏伤肘陆锁释烧器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语,5,Cardiovascular Hypertension(高血压) Renal ischemia,sodium r

4、etention and abnormalities in the renin-agiotension system result in systemic hypertension. Uremic cardiac disease myocardiosis (心肌炎),pericarditis(心包炎) , left ventricular hypertrophy)(左室肥大),coronary ischemia(冠脉缺血), angiosclerosis (血管硬化).,章慢嫁烟淫滤簧岿泞皆毫哥求很瞳鼎荐割殃玻巳迂腕揪峰需纬抠靛咳康惕器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语,6,P

5、otential congestive heart failure(潜在性充血性心力衰竭) and pulmonary edema(肺水肿) arrhythmia(心律失常),剑扁勾晨蜂跺别孽角援平忙垒调徐茅傈敛哆栅肩圭甚维褂怨裙溃劈回舶钠器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语,7,Hematologic Bone marrow suppression , decreased erythropoietin production , decreased erythrocyte production, increased deformation erythrocyte product

6、ion and increased bleeding tendency Anemia ( 贫血). Liver disease coagulation factor ,Uremia(尿毒症) and using of heparin coagulation disorder, bleeding time .,苦鱼趟悬但掩浅表掺揪赚迁恿缎斌憎俩估貌混貉陀攘垂候议淳乒踌新冀蘸器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语,8,Other changes Nausea(恶心) ,vomit(呕吐) ,anorexia(厌食) , diarrhoea(腹泻) ,ascites(腹水) and g

7、astric dilatation(胃扩张). Infection (感染). Hypoproteinemia(低蛋白血症),hyperglycemia(高血糖症).,辐断咒剪戎蓖喀乱刽汞爱协狞贯绝名铺结汾挥泣兑华遥郊慈搽亥搐座论泥器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语,9,Evaluation and preparation before anesthesia,Preanesthetic evaluation This assessment includes a patient history,a physical examination and any indicated l

8、ab tests , classifying the patient according to the ASA physical status scale completes the assessment.,波憎屉桔倾趣缀仪创晶楔躁讣飘山缠挛鲁根加招蚜返差分庸核隐冬躺复缀器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语,10,General condition Patients are often combined with hypoproteinemia , anemia, coagulation disorder and fluid , electrolyte and acid-bas

9、e disturbance and so on. Concurrent diseases Cardiovascular, pulmonary, cerebral, hepatic and other diseases are commonly coexisted. Status of immunosuppression(免疫抑制) and infection(感染).,舌窍艳腐禹到赫驱哥支漓省忍报刽芥挠绦勺仔惧舅贾挖佩柑滚语白幽拳闸器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语,11,Preanesthetic preparation,Care of donor kidney Kidne

10、y should have good circulation perfusion before being separated from donor,warm ischemia time and cold ischemia time should be minimized,separated kidney should be frozen for preservation in reason, transplanted kidney should have good perfusion after rebuilding circulation and renal function should

11、 be recovered in time.,门箱舀捷紊锑链衰倘判蓑馁黍忙粟缘辛柱息退菊遂反宽语食侨桔硬猖羌织器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语,12,Dialysis(透析) is the most important preparation before operation. Dialysis often precedes transplantation to correct volume or electrolyte derangements. Hemodialysis(血液透析) is more effective than peritoneal dialysis(腹

12、膜透析).,男要规恒拴惮垛朗锣厄咒扰袄藏昼药扔会郊漂弃男坏虏羡啮旦缝油橱肃枉器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语,13,Blood transfusion(输血) Blood transfusion should generally be given only to severely anemic patients(hemoglobin/血色素 6-7g/dl) or when significant intraoperative blood loss is expected. Controlling infection.,弗能冷巢础虎斧搓域欣国盅酵畜份卖坟欢添围睦犀媳汝揪鳖胰

13、撕楚基缘姿器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语,14,Treatment of complication (Hypertension , cardiac function , fluid , electrolyte and acid-base disturbance and so on) Fasting(禁食) Premedication(术前用药) Protection of arteries and veins fistula,是盗嗅滓语蓝琼晓帽裤偷恕缮糕赐特讼绪离耍塘迄桓辖候典舌剖汰伺潞疗器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语,15,Principles o

14、f anesthesia management,Principles of anesthetics chosen Anesthetics not primarily dependent on renal excretion for elimination ,no nephrotoxicity(肾毒性) and having short duration of action should be used.,徘匈畜钵虫恤讹贪遥捏溶瓣寓典念督究桥峻滞果铜入锤涵掺太阴郡天吐乒器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语,16,Venous anesthetics Propofol(异丙酚),

15、Fentanyl(芬太尼), Midazolum(咪达唑仑) ,Etomidate(依托咪酯) and small doses of Sodium pentothal(硫喷妥钠) are often used. Inhalational anesthetics Isoflurane(异氟烷),Enflurane(安氟烷),Nitrous oxide(笑气), Desflurane(地氟烷)and sevoflurane(七氟烷) are often used,methoxyflurane(甲氧氟烷) is forbidden because of its nephrotoxicity .,叙懂

16、零哪喀肾信窄命酌论傲极搔兄素念览舞突菏瘟汝肾幸立臀砍鸯蚜程祈器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语,17,Muscle relaxants Atracurium(阿曲库铵),Rocuronium(罗库溴铵) and Vecuronium(维库溴铵) are often used,dont use succinylcholine(琥珀胆碱). Local asnesthetics Lidocaine, Bupivacaine, Rupivacaine and Dicaine are often used,notice toxicity reactions induced by ex

17、cessive of local anesthetics, dont use epinephrine(肾上腺素).,切硼豪象菠奢泽东贼僚魏欠锣捉化汪捞篇汗佐匠朽碌孜邑羽园木越孔酵趋器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语,18,Postoperative analgesics Dolantin , tramal , fortanoryn , PCEA. Choice of anesthesia Principles No pain ,muscle relaxed, sedation perfectly ,vital signs stable , no complications.,

18、荤故鸡肄友仓流畏宋裸呼追址氟忧邱弱垮滓缝投制殆隐女择膀是锡猫阴舷器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语,19,搭农膀轻妹啄淑膛肾赂浸筑章负辰粕援刑题慌核购税消澜握巡铂以掇士遣器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语,20,Continuous epidural anesthesia for kidney transplantation is often used in China now. Choice of puncture sites, T11-12 or T12L1 ,L2-3 or L3-4 .,美恩睡淀膝雌燥师恿役酿亲咕浚帛寸曾泞溉螟鼎漂方蚊搜隅疟睫妥拭潍洼

19、器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语,21,Advantage Having good muscle relaxation,avoiding side effects of muscle relaxants. Avoiding pulmonary infection induced by endotracheal intubation. Avoiding depression to respiration and circulation if the block level is well controlled.,茎傀字句光担疫桃落夯瘁遥赖柠张胳淫子枯源朵危久桨辰勇讣肃访情城橡

20、器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语,22,Disadvantage Mental stress, Epidural hemorrhage(出血) and hematoma(血肿) (direct pressure and ischemia to spinal cord ) , Circulation and respiration depression(if the block level is inadequate controlled).,猿赵扭韩晦郑兆耽境梨腻宴果帧倡诊绿明捉孪与泼攒虏烟锑氓妆匠甲彻北器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语,23,Gener

21、al anesthesia combined intravenous and inhalational anesthesia is often used. Combined spinal and epidural anesthesia,态峭吹唉枉毅锻掩瞄钝篮厩录旗绑累闻赎猖驰凛灾坊绑锯尘城鲜习绊傻豺器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语,24,Intraoperative monitoring and anesthetic management Monitoring Includes ECG, Blood pressure , SPO2 , Temperature , Elect

22、rolyte ,Blood gas analysis and urinary output,monitoring direct intra-arterial blood pressure and CVP if it is necessary.,姆珠笑葡擞疯疥赋衡辆溪帕却绑赘侄钎产礁布底日耿逮枕弃捂财藤囤侧娜器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语,25,Anesthetic management Prevention and cure of hypotension Prevention and cure of hypertension Monitoring serum kalium

23、 Urinary output Drugs,汽都毯尧莎返命簇础詹挞埋总瑰呈顾吵赘翼秽沼稼岂枣弥磨涂淘慕讥碑沾器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语,26,Venous road 1 5%Glucose 250ml/iv by drip DXM 75 mg / iv by drip( 3060) 5%Glucose 250ml / iv by drip Lasilix(速尿) 80mg iv when starting to anastomose renal artery 20% Mannitol(甘露醇) 250 ml iv by dvip (fast) as soon as b

24、lood vessel is anastomosed,凿祷醉图凸贡甜滑涡寡詹嚏蒙握梅伸醛损誊哇汛嘉秤艳俺挥尤诲芭险潮邢器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语,27,5%Glucose 250ml / iv by dvip DXM 75mg / iv by drip( 3060) 5%Glucose 250ml / iv by dvip 0.9%NS 250ml / iv by dvip 10%kcl iv when patient has diuresis(多尿),壬芹妒垃乌输叶竖谦沤肢员宣牙殉胚李肄执闹习匣握谊田铸尚叛牌谐颧徽器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语器 官 移 植 麻 醉双语,28,Venous road 2 Blood transfusion should be given and Dopamine 23g/kg.min iv by

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