高英第4课课件.ppt

1、1,Theme,2,主题分析的两个层面,层面1：价值观（艺术、文化遗产） （人物对比）（cf.刘英） 层面2：美国黑人文化认同 （象征意义）（cf.赵莉华）,3,Portrayal of MotherWriting Skills Language (Ex XI),The narrator says, “I never had an education myself.” What are some of the characteristics of her use of language (such as choice of words, sentence structure and gramm

2、ar) that suit this background of hers? Since she never had an education herself, she tended to use simple words, fragmented sentences and other ungrammatical sentences.,4,Portrayal of MotherWriting Skills Language (Ex XI),To give one example, she used “like” to introduce a clause instead of “as”. pa

3、ra. 19: Like when you see As if para. 23: It looks like as if para. 65: like a bee had stung her as if para. 73: like somebody used to as if para. 75: Just like when as if para. 11: church and me ( I) para. 23: he dont know ( doesnt) para. 28: She (was) named Dee. para. 42: ask him (whether he) was

4、he a barber para. 64: give them ( these) quilts to Maggie para. 67: I (have) been saving,5,Analysis of Characters - Mother,The mother is a common working woman without much education, but not without intelligence or perception (insight 认知能力).,6,Analysis of Characters - Daughters,The two daughters (D

5、ee vs. Maggie) form a sharp contrast in every conceivable way: appearance, character, personal experiences, etc.,7,Analysis of Characters,刘英.被子与“遗产”:日用家当赏析.名作赏析,2000(2).,8,Paras. 66 moving back just enough so that I couldnt reach the quilts. They already belonged to her. (62); clutching them closely

6、 to her bosom (63); Maggie cant appreciate these quilts, backward (66); furiously (68); hatred (69),15,Maggie -自卑,Para. 2: nervous until her sister goes Para. 18: make a dash for the house Para. 9: chin on chest, eyes on ground, feet in shuffle,16,Maggie - 软弱、被动,Para. 73: she can have them, used to

7、never winning anything, or having anything reserved for her,17,（2）与家庭的关系,Dee: 羞耻（落后、无知、贫穷）,Maggie: 相依为命、难以割舍,18,Dee - 羞耻（落后、无知、贫穷）,Para. 10,Para. 11,19,Maggie - 相依为命、难以割舍,20,（3）对“被子”的认识角度,Dee: 用头脑判断事物 艺术的、历史的、表层的,Maggie: 用心体会 感情的、个人的、深入的（文化遗产的精髓）,21,Dee 肤浅的,(1) 名字 Para. 25: not Dee, Wangero Para. 27

8、: shes dead. I couldnt bear it any longer, being named after the people who oppress me Para. 28: you was named after your aunt Dicie,22,Dee 肤浅的,(2) 问候 Para. 21: Wa-su-zo-Tean-o,23,Dee 肤浅的,(3) 穿着 Para. 20: a dress down to the ground, loud, yellows and oranges, loose and flows,24,Dee 肤浅的,(4) 物件用途 Para

9、. 53: use churn top as a centerpiece for the alcove table, think of something artistic to do with the dasher Para. 68: theyre priceless Para. 71: hang them,25,Maggie 用心体会,26,（4）修补被子的能力,Dee: 不会,Maggie: 继承并发扬,27,Maggie 继承并发扬,Para. 68: she can always make some more. Maggie knows how to quilt.,28,Analys

10、is of Theme,主题在文章中的展现： Para. 66: put them to everyday use Para. 73: I can member Grandma Dee without the quilts Para. 80: your heritage Subtitle: for your grandmama,29,Theme,母亲对Dee的称呼变化（态度变化）暗示主题： Paras. 1-26: Dee Paras 27-74: Wangero para. 44: Wangero (Dee) paras. 51, 55, 62, 67, 69: Dee (Wangero)

11、Para. 75: Miss Wangero Para. 76: Dee,试图接受 犹豫迷惘 拒绝接受,30,Theme,赵莉华.逃避伤痛文化，寻根非洲文化：从艾利斯沃克的外婆的日用家当看美国黑人文化认同.西华师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）.2005(4).,31,Theme 黑人文化认同,艾利斯沃克运用象征手法 通过对母亲与两个女儿的关系的转变即母亲的顿悟描述 试图指出当时黑人文化认同中的两个误区: （1）怯懦逃避伤痛文化 （2）盲目寻根非洲文化,32,时代背景,60年代后期、70年代早期（1962-1973） 3个线索： （1）Johnny Carson (1962-1992) (60s)

12、 （2）手工缝制的拼布被子作为艺术品及珍藏品在美国流行始于1966年 （3）写作时间（1973） 黑人权力运动（Black Power Movement）,33,黑人权力运动,（1）过分强调黑人意识、黑人权力、黑人非洲文化 花哨、浅薄的非洲文化寻根 （2）排斥黑人的美国文化传统 在美国文化传统方面的无知与排斥,34,Black Power Movement,“Black Power” is a political slogan which expresses a range of political goals, from defense against racial oppression,

13、to the establishment of separate social institutions and a self-sufficient economy (separatism). The earliest known usage of the term is found in a 1954 book by Richard Wright titled Black Power. (“黑人权力”术语最初见于理查德赖特在1954年出版的研究非洲政治的著作黑人权力),35,Black Power Movement,Black Power Movement is a term used am

14、ong Black people in the USA in the mid-1960s. The movement was prominent in the late 1960s and early 1970s.,36,Black Power Movement,It emphasized racial pride and the creation of black political and cultural institutions (制度) to nurture (培育) and promote black collective interests and advance black v

15、alues. The movement aimed at a more militant (好战的) approach towards securing civil rights, and stressed the need for action by Black people alone, rather than in alliance with White liberals (自由主义者).,37,Black Power Movement,Many Black Americans felt that the civil rights movement had done little to

16、alter their lives, and under such leaders as Stokeley Carmichael (斯托克利卡米歇尔) they proposed that Black Americans should concentrate in their own communities to establish their own political and economic power (“黑人权力”的核心思想是黑人必须掌控自己的事务，不再重视种族合作原则。它主张重新分配政治和经济权力，强调黑人意识、种族团结、黑人社区的力量、黑人文化、历史和制度的价值和意义，把黑人问题

17、的根源归结为美国的社会制度。),38,Black Power Movement,In 1966 a Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) (学生非暴力协调委员会) was formed by Carmichael to activate Black college students, and at the same time the Black Muslim Movement was advocating Islam as the Black salvation. Others, like the Black Panthers (黑

18、豹党运动), emphasized violence and militancy (战斗性), but all were concerned to stress the value of Black culture and heritage.,39,Black Power Movement,The riots (暴乱，暴动) in the cities in the middle and late 1960s seemed to herald (预告) new waves of Black militancy, but the intensity of the Black Power Move

19、ment tended to decline in the early 1970s, when many Black people began cooperating with White organizations against the Vietnam War.,40,主题 认同危机,在白人文化占主导地位的社会中, 黑人传统文化的认同问题 identification crisis (1) 摒弃美国文化 负面、伤痛（无知、冷漠、排斥） (2) 认同非洲文化 正面、根（花哨、浅薄、肤浅）,41,人物的象征意义,母亲约翰逊夫人 - 普通美国黑人 大女儿迪伊 - 美国60年代民权运动中出现的黑人

20、权力运动 麦琪 - 被遗忘了的充满苦难和伤痕的美国黑人文化,42,人物的象征意义,母亲强壮、能干、勤劳、没有受过多少教育、贫穷、缺乏自信（尤其是在白人面前）,代表普通美国黑人 迪伊的个人特征、服饰风格和言辞用语则显示她是黑人权力运动的象征 麦琪柔弱、自卑、丑陋、笨拙,胳臂大腿上还有烧伤的疤痕,象征疤痕累累的美国黑人的伤痛文化,43,母亲的文化认同,正面文化遗产（爱、亲情、创造力、能力）- 能够理解、认同 负面文化遗产（伤痛文化）（黑奴制、种族隔离制、种族歧视）- 无助、无法面对、无力驾驭、逃避,44,对负面文化遗产的态度变化过程,（1）母亲看到了麦琪的苦痛,表明她了解伤痛文化;却从来没有试图抚

21、慰、鼓励麦琪,甚至为她隐隐自卑,象征她无法抚平伤痛、无法面对伤痛、无法正确处理与小女儿的关系。她无法无视她的存在,却又无法正面面对接受她、无力协调与她的关系。这对可怜的母女陷入了无法分离又无法靠拢的困境母亲无力走出困境,惟有等待迪伊。 伤痛面前的无言和无助,苦难太过悲惨,无法安抚、无力面对,45,对负面文化遗产的态度变化过程,（2）母亲在文化认同的困境中,试图接受（不太理解、努力配合）漂亮、能干、坚定的迪伊但她的自私和浮华无法真正得到母亲的认同 在文化认同的困境中,试图接受黑人权力运动所提供的解决办法,但最终不能认同黑人权力运动的肤浅及追求非洲文化的盲目,46,对负面文化遗产的态度变化过程,（

22、3）母亲看到了麦琪在苦痛中顽强求生的力量,看到了伤痛文化的力量母亲终于敢正视麦琪（伤痛文化） ,也重新认识伤痛文化,第一次认同了麦琪,拥抱了麦琪终于协调了与伤痛文化的关系,走出了她在文化认同上的困境 勇敢面对伤痛文化,化悲痛为力量,同时不盲目寻根非洲文化,47,象征意义,Symbols: Two old quilts Fire House Mother Dee Maggie,赵艺红. 日用家当的多维象征意义探析.东疆学刊.2009(1).,48,Symbol Two Old Quilts,The old quilts (para. 55), made from pieces of clothe

23、s worn by grand- and great-grand-parents and stitched by Grandmas hand, are clearly a symbol of the cultural heritage of the black people (黑人的文化遗产/传统) (para. 80).,49,Symbol Two Old Quilts,The different feelings of Dee and Maggie about the quilts reveal their different attitudes towards their heritage as black. Dee hang them (para. 71) appreciate her heritage superficially Maggie put them on bed (put them into everyday use) (para. 68) really inherit her heritage The story told two different ideas of the sisters in solving the heritage problem.,50,Symbol Two Old Quilts