专业英语与一般英语的区别

1、.,1,Specialized English,.,2,Differences between specialized and general English Different purposes For specialized purpose to obtain the most recent information to publish the research results either by writing a paper or giving an oral presentation Different learning methods read as many English re

2、ferences as possible attend as much as seminar as possible try to compose research papers/reports in English Different contents Special vocabularies and terms,.,3,Grammatical characteristics of specialized English 1) 客观（Objectivity) the present tense, past tense or perfect tense the passive voice or

3、 impersonal subject e.g. It was started in 1969,when the U.S. Department of Defense established a nationwide network to connect a handful of universities and contractors. (past tenses),.,4,2) 简洁（Conciseness） nonfinite verbs: Gerund, participle (past, present) , infinitive noun phrase e.g. 1. Many di

4、fferent schemes for performing these three functions (sampling, quantizing and coding) have evolved during recent years. (gerund) 2.Consequently there is an inherent advantage for overcoming noisy environment by choosing digital transmission. (gerund) 3. Television is the transmission and reception

5、of images of moving objects by radio waves.,.,5,4.The signal received from a satellite, located in far outer space, is very weak. (past participle) 5. Most other forms of transmission systems convey the message information using shape or level of the transmitted signal. (present participle) 6. Ether

6、net hubs and switches provide an easy and inexpensive means to provide more bandwidth to workstations. (infinitive),.,6,3) 准确（Accuracy) long sentences -exceedingly informative conditional sentences - accurate description e.g. If the number of the messages in the set is finite then this number or any

7、 monotonic function of this number can be regarded as a measure of the information produced when one message is chosen from the set, all choice being equally likely.,.,7,4) “无生命主语及物动词宾语（宾语补足语）” e.g. Chapter 6 provides a basic introduction to the ideas of sequences, series and limits. 5) 常用it作为形式主语或宾

8、语 e.g. 1) It has been proved that induced voltage causes a current to flow in opposition to the force producing it. 2) The invention of radio has made it possible for mankind to communicate with each other over a long distance.,.,8,6) 尽量用紧缩型状语从句而不用完整句 e.g. While designed primarily for use by enginee

9、ring students, it is believed that the book is also highly suitable for students of the physical sciences and applied mathematics. 7) 割裂修饰比较普遍（包括短语或从句被分隔） e.g. It is hoped that this provision, together with the large number of worked examples and style of presentation, also makes the book suitable f

10、or private or directed study.（主谓分离）,.,9,8) 较多使用祈使语气 e.g. Let the forward-pass transfer function be given by the linear difference equation. 9) 句中并列成分（各种并列短语、单词或从句）较多 e.g. Radar has certain inherent advantages over detection systems employing light waves: 1) has greater range, 2) it is usable in any

11、weather and in day or night, and 3) the electronic circuitry and components for transmitting, receiving, amplifying, detecting and measuring are high developed.,.,10,专业英语词汇的构成 World-building 派生法（Derivation） 复合法（Composition） 转化法（Conversion） 拼缀法（Blending） 缩略法（Shorting）,.,11,Derivation a- : asynchronou

12、s, asymmetry anti-: clockwise-anti-clockwise co-: relation-correlation operation-cooperation dis-: advantage-disadvantage cover-discover able-disable en-: enable, enlarge em-: embed, embody,.,12,im- : possible-impossible balance-imbalance il-: legible-illegible legal-illegal in-: correct-incorrect c

13、apable-incapable ir-: regular-irregular relevant-irrelevant inter-:change-interchange interface internet interact,.,13,mis- : miscount mistake Multi-,poly-: multipurpose, multicarrier polynomial(binomial) non-: linear-nonlinear effective-noneffective post-: postfix postgraduate pre-: prefix, preface, predict re-: retell, readjust reflect, react, reverse,.,14,sub: set-subset subscript subroutine super-: superscript superconductor superposition sym-,syn-: synchronous symmetry tele-: telephone,telegraph,telescope,.,15,trans-: transmitter, transform transvers