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1、The Objective clause 宾语从句,How much do you know about it?,第一、什么叫宾语从句?,主句,连接词,从句,He asked me where I had put his book.,连接词,从句,主句,e.g. I think you should study hard.,构成:主句 + 连接词 + 从句,定义:在句子中用作宾语(在谓语动词之后)的从 句叫宾语 从句。,(that),第二、宾语从句三要素:,连 接 词,时 态,语 序,(一)、宾语从句语序,他叫什么名字? 他怎么去上学?,Whats his name? How does he
2、go to school?,I am not sure _ _,what his name is.,how he goes to school.,从句用陈述句语序(主语+ 谓语),(二)、宾语从句的连接词,1. 当从句为陈述句时,连接词用that。that在句中无意义,在口语中可省略.,e.g. The earth goes around the sun. I know He will be back in an hour. I think,看从句的的类型,I know that the earth goes around the sun.,I think that he will be ba
3、ck in an hour.,2. 当从句为一般疑问句时,连接词用if或whether。,e.g. Is Alice 15 years old? I wonder,看从句的的类型,I wonder if / whether Alice is 15 years old.,More practice: I want to know: 他明天是否回来。 你是否喜欢可乐。,(二)、宾语从句的连接词,3.当从句为特特殊疑问句时,连接词用特殊疑问词。,e.g. How old is Alice? I want to know How often do you go to the library?,看从句的
4、的类型,I want to know how old Alice is.,Could you tell me _.,(二)、宾语从句的连接词,陈述句,that(无词汇意义),一般疑问句,if ,whether(是否),特殊疑问,特殊疑问词,祈使句,肯定句,否定句,ask/tell +sb. +to +v.,ask/tell/+sb.+ not to + v.,总结:如何确定连接词(根据从句句式),宾语从句是祈使句时: The teacher said, “ Keep silent.” The teacher ( )the students ( )( ) silent. Mum said, “D
5、ont play football on the street,boys.” Mum told them _ _on the street.,(三)、宾语从句的时态,你昨天什么时候起床的? 你每天几点到校? 你明天几点出发?,When did you get up yesterday?,When do you get to school every day?,When will you start tomorrow?,I wonder,I wonder when you got up yesterday. I wonder when you get to school every day. I
6、 wonder when you will start tomorrow.,主现从不限,I wonder 他是否去过北京。,if he has been to Beijing.,What is your favourite activity? What is he doing? My father will go to Beijing next week. He has finished his homework.,I know,I knew,what your favourite activity was.,what he was doing.,主过从四过,my father would g
7、o to Beijing next week.,he had finished his homework.,(三)、宾语从句的时态,The earth is bigger than the moon. My mother told me (合并句子),My mother told me _,that the earth is bigger than the moon.,注意:,当从句叙述的内容为客观真理时,仍然用一般现在时。,e.g. Our teacher said the moon moves around the sun.,现在时(一般现在时,现在进行时,现在完成时), 一般将来时,Co
8、uld you,Would you please.,保持不变,一般过去时,一般现在时,一般过去时,一般过去时,过去完成时,一般将来时,过去将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成时,过去完成时,当从句叙述的内容为客观真理时,仍然用一般现在时。 e.g. The teacher said that the moon moves around the sun.,注:,总结:如何确定从句的时态(根据主句时态),“Where is the nearest bank?” Could you tell me? Could you tell me where _. 2. “ I have given up
9、smoking,” said my brother. My brother said that he _. 3. “Are you going to learn swim?” asked Tom. Tom asked me if/whether I_. 4. “What will we do next?” we havent decided. We havent decided what we_. 5. “What did you say?” I didnt hear. I didnt hear what you_.,the nearest bank is,had given up smoki
10、ng,was going to learn to swim,will do next,had said,Exercise:,疑问句中,could,would表婉转的语气,不表示过去时。,将下列句子合并为一: 1. Where do they stop on the way? I asked. I asked _ on the way. 2. What will you speak at the meeting? Could you tell me? Could you tell me _at the meeting? 3. Do they like to play football? Tom
11、asked. Tom asked_ to play football. 4. “I am doing my homework.” He said. He said _his homework. 5.“I will come back.” Tom said. Tom said_ back. 6. She asked me: “Whats wrong with you?” She asked me_with me.,where they stopped,what you will speak,if /whether they liked,(that) he was doing,(that) he
12、would come,what was wrong,注: whats wrong with sb. 及 whats the matter with sb. , 语序不变.,7. “Dont play in the streets,” the teacher said to the boy. 8. “When and where will the concert be held?” I wondered. 9. “Why is the train late?” Would you tell me? 10. “Will they go to Beijing ?”They havent decide
13、d. 11. “When should we start?” Do you know?,The teacher told the boy not to play in the streets.,I wondered when and where the concert would be held.,Would you tell me why the train is late?,Do you know when we should start?,Do you know when to start?,疑问词+主语+谓语,疑问词+ to + v.(不定式)作为宾语,成为简单句.,They have
14、nt decided if/whether they will go to Beijing.,He hasnt decided which seat he should take. He hasnt decided_. 2. I really dont know where I can find my lost key. 3. Can the computer tell us what we should do next? 4. Can you tell me when to start ? Can you tell me _? 5. I cant decide which one to ch
15、oose.,which seat to take,I really dont know where to find my lost key.,Can the computer tell us what to do next?,when we will start,I cant decide which one I should choose.,宾语从句,疑问词+ to do,确定连接词 (根据从句的句式),2. 确定从句语序(把从句变成陈述句,即主谓顺序),3. 确定从句的时态(根据主句时态),(四)总结:如何改写宾语从句,第三、宾语从句特殊情况,(一)连词that不能省略的几种情况;,1.
16、从句的主语是that。如: He says that that is a real kings hat.,2. that从句中含有主从复合句。如: Im afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it.,3. 主、从句之间有插入语时。如: It says here, on this card, that it was used in plays. 卡片上写着,它是古代演戏用的。,4. 若出现两个或两上以上的由that引导的宾语从句,且由并列连词连接时,只有第一个连词that可以省略。如:She said (that) she would co
17、me and that she would also bring her son.,(二)、If 和whether 用法区别,注:if和whether引导宾语从句时,作“是否”讲,一般情况下,二者没有区别,可以换用。但if常用于口语中,whether比较正式。,但二者在下列几种情况下不能换用: 1. 宾语从句置于句首表示强调时,应用whether,不用if。如: Whether this is true or not, I cant say. 这是否对,我不能说。,2. 宾语从句与or not直接连用时,应用whether,不能用if。如: I dont know whether or not
18、 he will come tomorrow.,3. 与动词不定式连用时,只能用whether。如: She cant decide whether to go to America. 4. 从句作介词宾语时,只能用whether。如: I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.,5. 宾语从句的谓语动词是否定形式时,只能用if,不能用whether。如: Tom wants to know if he wont come here tomorrow. 6. if意为“假如,如果”时,可以引导条件状语从句,而whether没有这个用法。如: If Sim
19、on comes here tomorrow, Ill call you.,第四、宾语从句的否定转移: 如果主句的谓语动词是 think, believe, guess , suppose 等,而且主句的主语又是第一人称时,它后面接的宾语从句的否定词通常要前移到主句中,即否定主句中的动词,而从句用肯定形式 即:主语为第一人称,否定在主句,翻译在从句。 此外,这类宾语从句的反意疑问句也比较特殊,请同学们自己总结。,Translate the following sentences. 1. 我认为不会下雨 I _ that it _. 2. 我认为你的答案不对. I _your answer ri
20、ght. . 我们相信他还没走. We _ that he _.,第五、宾语从句转化为简单句,1.由特殊疑问句引导的宾语从句,若主句和从句主语一致可以转化成“特殊疑问句+to do”.如(请总结常见这一句型中的动词) I dont know how I can learn English well. _ He wonder when he should attend the meeting. _,2.当主句谓语动词是hope,decide,wish,choose,agree等词时,宾语从句主从句主语一致,宾语从句可简化为V.+to do的结构。如:,Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. Li Ming hopes to be back very soon. We decided that we would help him. _ 3. 当主句的谓语动词是tell
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