新目标英语八年级英语下册知识点总结

1、新目标英语八年级英语下册知识点总结 新目标英语八年级下各单元知识点总结键入文字unit1whats the matter知识点总结(问答疾病，状从、宾从) 重点短语have a sore back / throat 背部/咽喉疼痛have / catch a cold =have the flu 感冒；得了流感have a （high）fever 发（高）烧have a toothache 牙痛have a headache 头疼have a stomachache 胃疼；肚子疼talk too much谈的太多； too much+不可数名词(milk) too many +可名复(peop

2、le) much too 实在太drink enough water喝足够的水；big enough 足够大 enough +名 形/副 +enoughlie down and rest 躺下来休息 v. have a rest take ones temperature 给某人量体温see a dentist and get an x-ray看牙医并做x光透视cut oneself 切伤自己；cut off 切除 cut it/them off cut up 切碎put some medicine on it在上面敷些药drink some hot tea with honey喝些带/加蜂蜜

3、的热茶 with 介 有 without 介 没有 without saying goodbyetake breaks away from 远离而休息片刻see an old man lying on the side of the road看见一位老人正躺在路边 (lie）see/hear sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事shout for help呼救；shout at 向喊；shout to see/hear sb do sth 看见某人做了某事stop the bus without thinking twice不假思索地停下车get off 下车；get on 上车；ge

4、t it /them on (off) put on 穿上 take off 脱下 起飞to ones surprise 使某人惊奇的是 in surprise 惊奇地 to our surprise使我们惊奇的是take sb to sp 带某人去某地 take him to the hospital take her homewait for 等候 wait for the bus /him 等公交车/他 cant wait to do sth 迫不及待地干什么agree to do sth同意干什么 agree with sb 同意某人的观点,看法 disagree 不同意think a

5、bout oneself为自己考虑think about saving a life考虑挽救一个生命 about 介词 save a life 救命 life(复)liveshurt oneself doing sth在干某事中伤害自己 hurt himself playing soccerfall down 跌倒；fall off 从摔下 fall off his bike/the treehave problems doing sth在干某事中有困难 have problems breathing呼吸困难(breathe)get sunburned 晒伤be interested in 在

6、感兴趣 sb(某人) be interested in english/playing chess sth(某物) interesting be used to doing sth 习惯于干某事；be used to taking risks 习惯冒险lose ones life because of accidents 由于事故而丧生 lose(lost) because of+词/词组 because+从句sth + run out (某物)用完；用光 sb. + run out of+ sth (某人)把用完be ready to do sth愿意迅速/乐意/准备做某事 get read

7、y for 为做准备 ready 有准备的so that = in order to do sth 为了 以便于 so . that 如此以致于a book called （call） 一本名叫的书mean being in a difficult situation 意思是在困难的境况下get out of 离开；从出来；下小汽车get into上小汽车 get out of /get into a cartell of the importance of making good decisions 告诉有关做出好决定的重要性的情况 important 重要的be in control of

8、 掌管；管理 名 决定 decide 动 决定keep on doing sth 一直，坚持干某事make a decision to do sth.= decide to do sth 下决心/决定干某事 thanks to +名词或代词 =because of 多亏；幸亏（多放在句首） thanks for 因而感谢expect sb to do 期望某人干什么 hope/want /would like sb to do sth 希望/想要某人做某事in time 及时； on time 准时 at times 有时hit sb on the head/ nose ; 打了某人的头，鼻子

9、；hit sb in the face.打了某人的脸（硬的用on；软的用in）hit me on my( the ) head重点句型1.问毛病：whats the matter (with) ?怎么啦？whats the matter with him? =whats the trouble with him?=whats wrong with him?whats the trouble (with) ?whats wrong (with) ?what happened? 发生了什么事?is there anything wrong with? 有毛病/故障吗? is there anyth

10、ing wrong with the old man/your bike?are you ok?2.回答+建议i have a cold. you should drink lots of water and rest. should +动词原形 情态动词 “应该”i have a cough and sore throat. you should drink hot tea with honey. shouldnt +动词原形 “不应该”i have a sore back. you should lie down and rest.i have a fever. you should ta

11、ke your temperature.i have a toothache. you should see a dentist and get an x-ray.i have a stomachache. you should lie down and rest. you should eat less meat and take more exercise.i cut myself. you should put some medicine( medicines ) on it and put a bandage on it .no, i dont feel well ( good ).=

12、i feel sick =im not feeling well. 我感到不舒服.3.i think i sat in the same way for too long without moving. 我认为我以同样的方式坐了太久而没有运动。 宾语从句 （宾语从句：主句用一般现在时，从句随句意）4.if your head and neck still hurt tomorrow, then go to a doctor. 如果明天头和颈部仍然疼的话，那就得去看医生。状语从句 （状语从句：主将从现）5.bus no.26 was going along zhonghua road when

13、the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road. 当26路汽车沿着中华路行进，突然驾驶员看见一位老人正躺在路边。 （when并列连词，强调从句动作发生在主句动作进行的瞬间） see sb doing sth . 看见某人正在干什么（动作正在进行） see sb do sth 看见某人干了什么（动作已发生）6.a woman was next to him, shouting for help. 一位妇女在他旁边，正在呼救（现在分词作伴随状语）7.he got off and asked the woman what happene

14、d.他下了车并问妇女发生了什么事。（宾语从句） sth happen to sb某人发生了什么 an accident happened to her yesterday.sb happen to do sth 碰巧干什么； i happened to meet my old friend yesterday. happen = take place 发生8.mr wang knew he had to act quickly. 王师傅明白他必须快速地行动。（quick形）（副词修饰动词）9.but the driver didnt think about himself. he only t

15、hought about saving a life.司机不想自己。只考虑挽救一个生命。10.aron ralston is an american man who is interested in mountain climbing. （who引导定语从句，并作从句的主语）sb be interested in sth.= sth be interesting.=sb take an interest in sth. = sth interest(s) sb.tom is interested in english. = english is interesting. = tom takes

16、 an interest in english. = english interests tom. 11.aron is used to taking risks. aron习惯于冒险。 be used to doing sth. 习惯于干什么 be used to do sth = be used for doing sth.被用来干什么 used to do sth 过去常常干什么12.this is one of the exciting things about doing dangerous sports. 这是关于进行危险体育运动时令人激动的事情之一。 one of + 名词复数。

17、 .之一13.aron almost lost his life because of accidents. （an accident） lose ones life 丧生 because of 因为；由于 一次事故14.on april 26, 2003, he found himself in a very dangerous situation when climbing in utah. （when he was climbing） 在2003年4月26日，他正在犹他州爬山时，发现自己处于危险的境况中。（主从句的主语是同一个人时，可省略主+be）15.arons arm was cau

18、ght under a 2000-kilo rock that fell on him胳膊被压在掉在他身上的2000公斤的岩石下 （被动语态，） （定语从句）when he was climbing by himself in the mountains. 当他独自在爬山时（时间状从） by oneself = alone 独自一人16.because he could not free his arm, he stayed there for five days （原因状从） 持续性 how longand hoped that someone would find him. （hope后宾

19、语从句） 由于他的胳膊不能自由，所以一直呆在哪儿五天并且希望有人能发现他。17.but when his water ran out, he knew (that )he would have to do （时间状从）（主动表被动） （宾从）（过去将来时）will-wouldsomething to save his own life. 但是当水用完时，他明白他将采取什么措施来挽救自己的生命 （作目的状语）动词不定式表示目的 18.with his left arm, he bandaged himself so that he would not lose too much blood.他给

20、自己打了绷带，目的不让流太多的血。 （用左胳膊） （目的状语从句） =in order not to lose19.a book called a boy named （过去分词作后置定语）20.aron tells of the importance of making good decisions, and of being in control of ones life. 他讲述了作出好决定和控制自己生命的重要性。21.his love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even af

21、ter this experience. （sothat结果状从）他热衷于爬山是那么强烈以致于在这次经历后还一直坚持。22.do we have the same spirit as aron.我们有阿伦一样的勇气吗 the same as (与一样)be different from (与.不同) merry christmas ! the same to you.unit2ill help to clean up the city parks. 知识点总结（短语动词，动词不定式和动名词的用法）重点短语clean up 打扫（或清除）干净cheer up 变得高兴；振奋起来cheer sb

22、up=make sb happiervisit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up在医院看望患病的孩子以便让他们高兴起来 （to表目的）give out food at the food bank 在食品供应站分发食品give out = hand out 分发 give it/ them outvolunteer in an after-school study program to teach kids.自愿在课外学习班教孩子come up with = think up想出；提出put off doing sth 推迟干某事 pu

23、t it off ; put on穿上戴上put up 张贴；搭起，竖起；举起put up signs 张贴标语；put up the tent搭帐篷 put up your handset up 搭起，竖起；建起，设立；开办put up a tent= set up a tent; set up a school 开办一所学校call sb up=ring sb up = call sb=ring sb =give sb a call (ring)=make a phone call to sb = phone sb 给某人打电话answer the phone 接电话make a plan

24、 for 为制定计划 make a plan to do sth 制定计划干某事 plan to do sth alone=by oneself 孤独的，独自的（强调一人）只能作表语状语lonely 孤独的，寂寞的（由于周围环境的荒凉而内心孤独寂寞）既作表语又作定语 travel alone独自旅行the old man lived alone in a lonely island, but he didnt feel lonely.这位老人独自一人住在孤岛上，但他感觉不到寂寞。help out with 帮助做 care for 照顾；照料 care about 关心，在意used to d

25、o sth 过去常常干某事give up doing sth =stop doing sth放弃干某事；give it/them upsuch a strong feeling=so strong a feeling这么一种强烈的感情such a / an +形容词+单数名词=so+形容词 +a /an + 单数名词learn about了解；得知see the animals get better 看到动物更健康at the age of 在多少岁时when （转换同义句）decide to do sth=make a decision to do sth下决心干某事come true （梦

26、想）实现at the same time 同时be busy with sth=be busy doing sth 忙于干某事be worried about对担忧make lots of money挣大量的钱 raise money for homeless people为无家可归的人筹集钱in ones free (spare)time在某人的业余时间think about考虑；think of 想起，认为a good way to spend our free time花费自由时间的好方法run out 用完，用光；run out of 把用完；=use uptake after(与父母

27、)相似=look like =be similar tonotany more = no more 不再notany longer=no longer不再give away 赠送；分发 giveaway to把赠送给fix up = repair =mend 修理；修补be sure to do sth =be sure that确信或有把握干某事make it +形容词（作宾补）for sb +to do sth对某人来说干是怎么样的。make a difference to对有重要性；起重要作用use your hands easily (easy)自如地运用双手be excited ab

28、out 对感到兴奋或激动be able to do sth= can do sth 能干某事because of your kindness由于你的仁慈at once =right now=right away=in a minute立刻；马上a photo of mine 我的一张照片a photo of tomsseveral hours=a few hours 数小时。try out for 参加选拔或竞赛重点句型1.the girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up. 这个女孩在医院看望了患病的孩子们

29、（不定式作目的状语）以便让他们高兴起来（sick作定语；作表语。ill只作表语）2.the girl could volunteer in an after school study program to teach kids.这个女孩能自愿加入课后计划组织去教孩子们。3.we need to come up with a plan to tell people about the city park clean-up.我们需要制定一个计划去告诉人们有关市公园清洁日。need to do sth需要干什么4.clean-up day is only two weeks from now. we

30、 cant put off making a plan.清洁日距现在只有两周，我们不能推迟计划。 put off doing sth 推迟干某事 put on 穿上；戴上take off脱衣5.we could put up signs.我们可以张贴标语。6.lets make some notices, too. then ill hand them out after school.让咱们制作一些通知。然后放学后分发它们。7.we could each call up 10 students and ask them to come. 我们每人可以给10个同学打电话并叫他们来。8.im m

31、aking some plans to work in an old peoples home this summer.这个夏天我正制定计划去敬老院工作。 make plans to do sth.制定计划去干什么 make plans for sth.为谁制定计划9.what did they ask you to help out with? 他们叫你帮助什么？ help out with 在某方面帮助摆脱困境10.they told me stories about the past and how things used to be. 他们告诉我过去的故事以及事情过（about+how

32、宾语从句）去常常是怎样形成的。11.a lot of old people are lonely. （许多老年人是孤独的，寂寞的） we should listen to them and care for them.我们应当听他们的话并且照料他们。12.but i want to learn more about how to care for animals.我想了解更多照料动物的知识。（特殊疑问词how + to do作about宾语）13.i get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when i see the animals get bet

33、ter and the look of joy on their owners faces.当我看到动物更健康和主人脸上高兴的笑容时，我就有这样一种强烈的满足感。（see sb do sth看到某人干了什么）14.she could read by herself at the age of four.=when she was four years old.当她四岁时就独自会看书了。15.she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.她决定参加课后阅读计划自愿者竞赛。16.the kids are si

34、tting in the library, but you can see in their eyes that theyre going on a different journey with each new book. 孩子们虽然坐在图书馆里，但是从他们的眼神中你能明白他们将在每本新书中不同的旅行。17.volunteering here is a dream come true for me. （动名词作主语，谓语用单数）（过去分词作后置定语） 这儿的自愿服务工作多我来说已是梦想成真。18.i can do what i love to do and help others at th

35、e same time. （作do的宾语） （并列在can后dohelp） 我干我热爱干的工作同时帮助别人。19.we can make plans to visit sick children or raise money for homeless people. （第二个省to）20.you helped to make it possible for me to have lucky. （make后接it作形式宾语+形容词）（真正的宾语to do） 你帮助拥有幸运儿对我来说成为可能。21.lucky makes a big difference to my life.幸运儿对我的生活起重

36、要作用22.i love animals and i was excited about the idea of having a dog. 我喜欢动物并且因过去拥有狗的想法而感到激动。23.he put up some signs asking for old bikes and called up all his friends on the phone to tell them about the problem.他张贴了一些招牌收集旧自行车，还打电话给所有的朋友以便把这个问题告诉了他们。（he put注意put为过去式）（asking for现在分词作定语修饰signs）24.the

37、ideas that he came up with worked out fine.他提出的办法效果不错。（that定语从句） （结果，效果；算出，制定出） 非谓语动词1.本单元动词后连动词即to do/ do 的句子特别多（加强学习）visit the sick kids to cheer them upvolunteer in an after-school study program to teach e up with a plan/ideas to tell people(to cheer up sick children)put off a plan to wor

38、k in an animal hospitalhand out notices to tell studentscall up all his friends to tell them abouthope to do sth; decide to do sth; volunteer to do sth; plan to do sth; want to do sth; try to do sth; be able to do; be unable to do sth 不能干2.动名词；现在分词；过去分词的用法 a special trained dog一只被特训过的狗；unit3could yo

39、u please clean your room? 知识点总结（情态动词表有礼貌的请求，征询许可，祈使句的用法）重点短语do the dishes=wash the dishes 洗碗碟take out the rubbish 把垃圾拿出去fold your clothes叠衣服sweep the floor清扫地板make your / the bed 铺床clean the living room打扫起居室no problem.没问题go out for dinner.出去吃饭stay out late = stay up 熬夜get a ride 开车兜风 give sb a ride

40、让某人搭便车help out with 给予什么帮助be back = come back 回来come over to sp 顺便拜访某地；drop in on sb顺便拜访某人ask in surprise惊奇地问=be surprised to askneither of 两者中没有一个（作主语谓语常用单数）-both of as soon as 一就as soon as possible尽可能快get something to drink/ eat弄些喝的东西hang out with同一起闲逛（hang 过去式hung）could you please do? （礼貌请求）你可以做吗

41、？could i please do? （征求意见）我可以做吗？clean the living room打扫起居室do some washing/ shopping/ cleaning洗衣服/ 购物/ 做清洁stay out late/ until nine呆到很晚/ 呆到9点钟=stay up 熬夜give me a ride to town开车送我到镇上need to do something需要做do ones part in doing sth尽自己的职责做某事play a part in doing sth 参与干某事do ones best to do sth尽自己最大努力干某事

42、help out with a few things帮助做些事情at least 至少finish doing something完成做be/ come back from shopping购物回来any minute/ second/ moment now随时；立刻，马上invite sb sp 邀请某人去某地 invite sb to do sth =sb be invited to do sth邀请某人干什么 invite（名词） invitation thanks for inviting me.= thanks for your invitation.be angry with sb

43、对某人生气be angry at sth因某事而生气solve the problem解决问题throw down my bag扔下我的书包the minute/ as soon as / the moment i sat down我一坐下就take the dog for a walk= walk dog溜狗replied angrily生气地回答all the time一直never help out around the house从没帮助做家务work all day工作一整天do housework all evening整晚做家务shout back吼回去find the hous

44、e clean and tidy发现房间干净又整洁find / make / feel + it +形容词+ to do sthshare the housework分担家务a clean and comfortable home一个干净又舒服的家neither of us我们两个都不pass me the salt= pass the salt to me把盐递给我borrow sth from sb= borrow sb sth.从某人那里借某物borrow 的持续性动词为keep 过去分词keptlend sth to sb= lend sb sth把某物借给某人hate to do/d

45、oing something讨厌做enough stress from school来自于学校的足够的压力be / get stressed out有压力；紧张a waste of their time时间的浪费spend on/ doing sth花时间在上in order （not）to do something为了做（不做）get into a good university进好大学there is no need for sb to do something对于某人来说没必要做depend on 依靠（常接whether引导的宾语从句，不用if）develop childrens in

46、dependence 养成孩子的独立（习惯）a developing country 一个发展中国家a developed country 一个发达国家the idea of fairness公平意识fall ill（短暂性）生病=be ill （持续性）grades dropped成绩下降as a result结果；as a result of =because of 因为；由于its fair/ unfair for children to do something对于孩子来说，做是公平的/ 不公平的。get something to drink买饮料be careful with 小心对

47、待be careful of 小心什么重点句型a few other things （that） i want you to do我想要你做的另处几件事情 定语从句i think two hours of tv is enough for you.我认为两个小时对你已足够。（时间，金钱，距离作主语谓语要用单数）she wont be happy if she sees this mess.假如她看到这乱糟糟一团定会不高兴。its clean, but its not “mother clean”!是干净，但这不是妈妈心中的干净。im just as tired as you are!我也和你一

48、样的累（as+原级+as同一样）she did not do any housework and neither did i.她没有做任何家务活，我也没有（肯定句用so，否定句用neither或nor）前后句人相同用强调；前后句人不同用倒装，助词的选择将前句变成一般疑问句，用哪一个取其同一级的，am,is,are为一级；do,does为一级；did为一级；情态动词不变等。注意：i / we , i , we单词相同但人不同用倒装结构；my mother, she 单词不同，但人相同用陈述结构i could not find a clean dish or a clean shirt.我没有发现

49、一个干净的碗碟，一件干净的衬衫。（or 用在否定句和疑问句中）ill finish my homework while you help me with the dishes.（主将从现；主句一般过去时，从句过去进行）在你帮助我洗碗碟的时候，我将完成我的家庭作业。i saw a dog lying on the ground while i was walking on the street.i do not understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home.我不理解为什么有些父

50、母让他们的孩子在家帮助做家务。（make sb do sth让某人干什么）常考点make sb do sth, make it +形容词it is the parents job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children.在家给孩子们提供一个干净而舒服的环境是家长们的工作。（provide sb with sth = provide sth for sb）it is important for children to learn how to do chores and help (形式主

51、语) （真正的主语）（特殊疑问词+to do）their parents with housework.对于孩子们来说，学会怎样做家务和帮助父母亲做家务是很重要的。since they live in one house with their parents, they should know that everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy.既然他们和他们的父母生活在同一房子里，他们就应该明白每个人都应该做他们份内之事，以保持房子的干净与整洁。since主要考查在现在完成时中since 1997; since th

52、ree days ago; since he came (come) to our school.句式：it is +一段时间+ since +一般过去时的句子。请牢记：since前面的句子谓语都要用持续性动词。 i have learnt 3000 words since i came into sihe the earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future.孩子们越早独立，对他们的未来就更好。the +比较级， the +比较级 表示越来越he had on idea how to take

53、care of himself.(take) =didnknow他不知道如何照料自己。孩子是否应当干家务活 经典xdear sir or madam, i believe that children should do some chores at home. i disagree that childrens only job is to study hard and do well at school. of course it is important for children t study hard. however, i think it is unfair for children to expect their parents to work hard outside and do all the household chores, too. i think children should at least do some simple chores to help their busy parents. for example, they should make their own beds and clean their own rooms because they are the ones who use these. they may no