基于通信的列车控制(CBTC)性能及功能要求-IEEE标准(中英合一版-20140127)

1、IEEE标准基于通信的列车控制（CBTC）性能及功能要求1. Overview 概述 This standard establishes performance and functional requirements for a CBTC system. It is divided into six clauses. Clause 1 describes the scope and purpose of this standard. Clause 2 lists references that are useful in applying this standard. Clause 3 pro

2、vides definitions that are either not found in other standards or have been modified for use with this standard. Clause 4 defines the general operating requirements for CBTC systems, including train operating modes to be supported. Clause 5 defines the performance requirements for CBTC systems, incl

3、uding headway criteria, system safety criteria, and system availability criteria. Clause 6 defines the functional requirements for CBTC systems, including automatic train protection (ATP) functions, automatic train operation (ATO) functions, and automatic train supervision (ATS) functions.本标准制定了基于通信

4、的列车控制（CBTC）系统的功能及性能要求，共分为6个部分。第一部分描述了本标准的目的及其适用范围。第二部分列出了应用本标准时有用的参考文献。第三部分给出了其它标准中未定义或是经过修改后应有于本标准的定义。第四部分定义了CBTC系统的一般操作要求，包括需要支持的列车驾驶模式。第五部分定义了CBTC系统的性能要求，包括追踪间隔准则、系统安全准则和系统可用性准则。第六部分定义了CBTC系统的功能需求，包括列车自动防护（ATP）功能、列车自动驾驶（ATO）功能、列车自动监控（ATS）功能。1.1 Scope范围This standard establishes a set of performanc

5、e and functional requirements necessary for enhancing performance, availability, operations, and train protection using a CBTC system.本标准建立了一套性能及功能的要求，这些要求对于提高使用CBTC系统时的性能、可用性、可操作性和列车防护性能是必要的。1.2 Purpose 目的There are currently no independent standards defining the performance and functional requireme

6、nts to be satisfied by CBTC systems. This standard will enhance performance, availability, operations, and train protection and will facilitate new CBTC applications.目前尚未建立独立的满足CBTC系统的性能及功能要求的定义。本标准旨在提升CBTC的性能、可用性、可操作性和列车防护性能，并促进CBTC新的应用。1.3 Existing applications 已有应用Existing CBTC installations and

7、projects in progress prior to the publication of this standard need not comply with the new or revised requirements of this standard, IEEE Std 1474.1-2004, except where specifically required by the authority having jurisdiction.除非运营管理部门明确要求，在本标准生效日期前，已经存在或是正在进行的项目无须遵守本规范（IEEE Std 1474.1-2004）新的或修订的要

8、求。2. Normative references 参考文献This standard shall be used in conjunction with the following publications. In case of a conflict between this standard and the referenced document, this standard shall take precedence. Those provisions of the referenced documents that are not in conflict with this stan

9、dard shall apply as referenced.本标准应与下述的规范结合使用。在本标准与参考文献有冲突的情况下，应以本标准优先。参考文献中与本标准不冲突的条款应当作为参照。IEEE Std 1472.2TM-2003, IEEE Standard for User Interface Requirements in Communications-Based Train Control（CBTC）Systems.IEEE Std 1475.2TM-1999, IEEE Standard for Functioning of and Interfaces Among Propulsi

10、on, Friction Brake and Train-borne Master Control on Rail Rapid Transit Vehicles.IEEE Std 1477TM-1998 (Reaff 2003), IEEE Standard for Passenger Information System for Rail Transit Vehicles.IEEE Std 1478TM-2001, IEEE Standard for Environmental Conditions for Transit Rail Car Electronic Equipment.IEEE

11、 Std 1483TM-2000, IEEE Standard for Verification of Vital Functions in Processor-Based Systems Used in Rail Transit Control. IEEE Std 1570TM-2002, IEEE Standard for the Interface Between the Rail Subsystem and the Highway Subsystem at a Highway Rail Intersection.IEEE P1582 TM（Draft 1.0, February 200

12、2）, Draft Standard for Environmental Requirements for Rail Transit Automatic Train Control Systems Wayside Equipment.3. Abbreviations, acronyms, and definitions 缩略语和定义3.1 Definitions 定义本标准使用如下的术语和定义。本部分未定义的术语参照IEEE标准术语权威词典第四版（IEEE Std 100-1996）。3.1.1 authority having jurisdiction: The entity that de

13、fines the contractual (including specifica- tion) requirements for the procurement运营管理部门：负责定义采购的合同要求（包括规范）的组织。3.1.2 automated people movers (APMs): A guided transit mode with fully automated operations, featuring vehicles that operate on guide-ways with exclusive right-of-way.自动化人行（APMs）：一种全自动驾驶的，运行

14、在专门的导轨上且有向导（优先权）的运输模式。3.1.3 automatic train control (ATC): The system for automatically controlling train movement, enforcing train safety, and directing train operations. ATC must include ATP and may include ATO and/or ATS.列车自动控制（ATC）：自动控制列车运行并保证列车安全，指导列车运行的系统。ATC必须包括ATP，也可以包括ATO或/和ATS。3.1.4 automa

15、tic train operation (ATO): The subsystem within the ATC system that performs any or all of the functions of speed regulation, programmed stopping, door control, performance level regulation, or other functions otherwise assigned to the train operator.列车自动驾驶（ATO）：ATC子系统，实现部分或所有的列车速度调整，程序停车，车门控制，性能水平的

16、调节，或其它指定给司机完成的功能。3.1.5 automatic train protection (ATP): The subsystem within the ATC system that maintains fail-safe protection against collisions, excessive speed, and other hazardous conditions through a combination of train detection, train separation, and interlocking.列车自动防护（ATP）：ATC子系统，通过列车检测，

17、列车间隔控制和联锁等，实现对列车的碰撞，超速和其他危险状况来进行故障-安全的防护。3.1.6 automatic train supervision (ATS): The subsystem within the ATC system that monitors trains, adjusts the performance of individual trains to maintain schedules, and provides data to adjust service to minimize inconveniences otherwise caused by irregular

18、ities.列车自动监控（ATS）：ATC子系统，监控列车，调整单个列车的运行来保持时刻表，在不引起混乱的前提下，提供数据调整服务使不便最小化。NOTEThe ATS subsystem also typically includes manual and automatic routing functions.注：ATS子系统还应包括人工或自动的办理进路功能。3.1.7 auxiliary wayside system: A back-up or secondary train control system, capable of providing full or partial ATP

19、for trains not equipped with train-borne CBTC equipment and/or trains with partially or totally inoperative train-borne CBTC equipment. The auxiliary wayside system may include train-borne equipment and may also provide broken rail detection.辅助轨旁系统：一个后备或次级列车控制系统，可以给未装备车载CBTC设备或车载CBTC设备部分或完全失效的列车提供全部

20、或部分ATP功能。辅助轨旁系统可包括车载设备，也可以提供断轨检测功能。3.1.8 basic operating unit: (A) A single vehicle designed for independent operation. (B) A permanent or semi-permanent combination, designed for independent operation, consisting of two or more vehicles of one or more types.基本运营单元：（A）设计用于独立运营的单个车辆；（B）设计用于独立运营的，永久或半

21、永久的由两种或多种车辆组合成的列车。3.1.9 brake, emergency: Fail-safe, open-loop braking to a complete stop, with an assured maximum stopping distance considering all relevant factors. Once the brake application is initiated, it is irretrievable (i.e., it cannot be released until the train has stopped or a predefined

22、 time has passed).紧急制动：故障-安全的、开环的、使列车完全停止的制动，确保一个考虑了各种相关因素的最大的停车距离。制动一旦启动，就不能再取消（即直到列车停止或通过了预定的制动时间，制动才能被缓解）。3.1.10 brake, (maximum) service: A non-emergency brake application that obtains the (maximum) brake rate that is consistent with the design of the brake system, retrievable under the control

23、of master control.常用制动：非紧急制动，用于获得最大的制动率，其与制动系统设计一致，可以被主控系统取消。3.1.11 car: See: vehicle.车辆：见vehicle的定义。3.1.12 civil speed limit: The maximum speed authorized for each section of track, as determined primarily by the alignment, profile, and structure.土建限速：每段线路指定的最大允许速度，由轨道、线路曲线和建筑结构等确定。3.1.13 communica

24、tions-based train control (CBTC): A continuous ATC system utilizing high-resolution train location determination, independent of track circuits; continuous, high capacity, bidirectional train-towayside data communications; and train-borne and wayside processors capable of implementing vital function

25、s.基于通信的列车控制（CBTC）：一种连续的ATC系统，使用高分辨率列车主动定位，不依赖轨道电路，连续、高容量车-地双向数据通信；车载和轨旁处理器能够执行安全功能。3.1.14 commuter rail: A passenger railroad service that operates within metropolitan areas on trackage that usually is part of the general railroad system. The operations, primarily for commuters, are generally run as

26、 part of a regional system that is publicly owned or by a railroad company as part of its overall service.通勤铁路：在大城市中运营的客运铁路，其线路通常是大铁路系统的一部分，并且其运行是作为公有的区域性铁路系统或者是铁路公司整个运营的一部分。3.1.15 consist: The makeup or composition (number and specific identity) of individual units of a train.组成：列车的个别单元的组合（数量和特殊标识）

27、3.1.16 dwell time: The time a transit unit (vehicle or train) spends at a station or stop, measured as the interval between its stopping and starting.停站时间：车辆或列车在车站停车时间花费的时间，以停车和出发的时间间隔计算。3.1.17 fail-safe: A design philosophy applied to safety-critical systems such that the result of hardware failure

28、 or the effect of software error shall either prohibit the system from assuming or maintaining an unsafe state or shall cause the system to assume a state known to be safe.故障-安全：一种应用在安全鉴定系统的设计原则，硬件故障或者软件故障的结果能禁止系统表现或保持一种不安全的状态，或使系统进入一种已知的安全状态。3.1.18 headway: The time interval between the passing of

29、the front ends of successive vehicles or trains moving along the same lane or track in the same direction.追踪间隔：沿同一轨道/线路的相同方向运行的连续的车辆或列车的车头/尾经过的时间间隔。3.1.19 heavy rail transit: A mode of rail rapid transit generally characterized by fully grade- separated construction, operating on exclusive rights-of

30、-way and station platforms at the floor level of the vehicles.重轨运输：一种轨道高速运输模式，一般具有线路完全全的隔离，具有最高的操作优先权，站台与车辆的地板平齐等特点。3.1.20 interlocking: An arrangement of switch, lock, and signal devices that is located where rail tracks cross, join, separate, and so on. The devices are interconnected in such a way

31、 that their movements must succeed each other in a predefined order, thereby preventing opposing or conflicting train movements.联锁：道岔、锁闭和信号设备在铁路交叉、汇合或分离等地点的布置。这些装置以这样的一种方式内部连接，它们必须按照预先定义的顺序动作，以防止列车的相撞或冲突。3.1.21 light rail transit: A mode of rail transit characterized by its ability to operate on exc

32、lusive rights-ofway, street running, center reservation running, and grade crossings, and to board and discharge passengers at track or vehicle floor level.轻轨运输：以它的运营能力为特征的一种列车运输模式。采用右侧运行，中央控制，以预先设定的时刻表运行，有平交道口，站台面可与轨道面平齐，也可与车箱底板平齐。3.1.22 master control: The train-borne device or system directly pro

33、viding the control signals to the train.主控：直接为列车提供控制信号的车载装置或系统。3.1.23 movement authority: The authority for a train to enter and travel through a specific section of track, in a given travel direction. Movement authorities are assigned, supervised, and enforced by a CBTC system to maintain safe trai

34、n separation and to provide protection through interlockings.移动授权：列车以指定的方向进入或驶过一个特定轨道区域的权限。移动权限由基于通信的列车控制系统赋值、监督和强制执行，以保持安全的间隔并由联锁提供保护。3.1.24 redundancy: The existence in a system of more than one means of accomplishing a given function.冗余：在给定的系统中存在多于一种的方法去完成指定功能。3.1.25 reliability: The probability

35、that a system will perform its intended functions without failure, within design parameters, under specific operating conditions, and for a specific period of time.可靠性：在设计参数范围内，指定的运营条件下和在指定的时间段内，系统无故障完成预定功能的或能性。3.1.26 safe braking model: An analytical representation of a trains performance while dec

36、elerating to a complete stop, allowing for a combination of worst-case influencing factors and failure scenarios. A CBTC equipped train will stop in a distance equal to or less than that guaranteed by the safe braking model.安全制动模型：列车减速至完全停止的性能分析表现，允许考虑结合最坏的影响因素和故障假设。装备了基于列车控制系统的列车的停车距离应该等于或者小于安装制动模型

37、保证的距离。3.1.27 safety critical: (A) A term applied to a system or function, the correct performance of which is critical to safety of personnel and/or equipment. (B) A term applied to a system or function, the incorrect performance of which may result in a hazard.安全苛求：(A)应用于一个系统或功能的术语，其正确实现关系到人员和/或设备的

38、安全。(B)应用于一个系统或功能的术语，其不正确的实现将导致一个危害发生。NOTEVital functions are a subset of safety-critical functions.备注：安全功能是安全鉴定功能的一个子集。3.1.28 self-revealing failure: Failures whose effects on system operation are immediately and clearly apparent.自显故障：对系统运行的影响是直观且显而易见的故障。3.1.29 service, revenue: (A) Transit service

39、excluding deadheading or layovers. (B) Any service scheduled for passenger trips.商业服务：(A)运输服务，不包括免费乘客和中途下车乘客。(B)所有有时刻表的旅客运输。3.1.30 system safety: The application of engineering and management principles, criteria, and techniques to optimize all aspects of safety within the constraints of operational

40、 effectiveness, time, and cost, throughout all phases of the system life cycle.系统安全：使用工程或管理的原则、标准和技术，在运营效率、时间和系统生命周期内各阶段费用的约束条件下，优化系统各方面的安全特性。3.1.31 System Safety Program: The combined tasks and activities of system safety management and system safety engineering that enhance operational effectivene

41、ss by satisfying the system safety requirements in a timely, cost-effective manner throughout the system life cycle.系统安全程序：系统安全管理和系统安全工程的任务和活动的结合，通过在系统的整个生命周期内及时和经济的方法满足系统的安全要求以加强运营效率。3.1.32 train: A consist of one or more basic operating units.列车：一个或多个运营单元的组合。3.1.33 unit: See: basic operating unit.

42、单元：见基本运营单元。3.1.34 vehicle: A land conveyance assembly for carrying or transporting people and objects capable of traversing a guideway, having structural integrity and general mechanical completeness, but not necessarily designed for independent operation.车辆：陆地的交通工具，能够运输旅客和货物，可以在导轨上运行，结构完整，机械结构完整，但不

43、需要设计成独立操作。3.1.35 vital function: A function in a safety-critical system that is required to be implemented in a fail-safe manner.安全功能：安全鉴定系统中需要以故障-安全原则完成的功能。3.2 Abbreviation and acronyms 缩略语3.2.1 APM：automated people mover 自动旅客运输3.2.2 APTA：American Public Transportation Association 美国公共交通协会3.2.3 ARE

44、MA：American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-way Association美国铁路工程和养路协会3.2.4 ASCE：American Society of Civil Engineers 美国土木工程师协会3.2.5 ATC：automatic train control 列车自动控制3.2.6 ATO：automatic train operation 列车自动驾驶3.2.7 ATP：automatic train protection 列车自动防护3.2.8 ATS：automatic train supervision 列车自动

45、监控3.2.9 CBTC：communications-based train control 基于通信的列车控制3.2.10 GEBR：guaranteed emergency brake rate 紧急制动率3.2.11 MTBF：mean time between failure 平均故障间隔时间 3.2.12 MTBFF：mean time between functional failure 平均功能故障间隔时间3.2.13 MTTR：mean time to repair 平均修复时间3.2.14 MTTRS：mean time to restore service 平均服务修复时

46、间3.2.15 O&SHA：operating and support hazard analysis 危害分析的操作和支持3.2.16 SHA：system hazard analysis 系统危害分析3.2.17 SSHA：subsystem hazard analysis 子系统危害分析3.2.18 SSPP：system safety program plan 系统安全程序计划4. General requirements 总体要求4.1 Characteristics of CBTC systems CBTC系统基本特征The primary characteristics of a

47、 CBTC system include the following:一个CBTC系统的主要特征包括以下部分：a) High-resolution train location determination, independent of track circuits不依赖于轨道电路的高分辨率列车定位b) Continuous, high capacity, bidirectional train-to-wayside data communications连续、大容量车-地双向数据通信c) Train-borne and wayside processors performing vital

48、functions具有能够执行安全功能的车载和地面安全计算机；4.2 Categorization of CBTC systems 系统分类This standard recognizes that different configurations of CBTC systems are possible, depending on the specific application. For example, a CBTC system may该标准认为，根据特定的应用要求，CBTC系统可能有不同有配置。例如一个CBTC系统可能是：a) Provide ATP functions only,

49、with no ATO or ATS functions.只提供ATP功能，没有ATO和ATS功能。b) Provide ATP functions, as well as certain ATO and/or ATS functions, as required to satisfy the operational needs of the specific application.提供ATP功能，同样也提供一定的ATS和ATO功能，能够满足特定应用的操作需求。c) Be the only train control system in a given application or may

50、be used in conjunction with other auxiliary wayside systems.在具体的应用中，作为唯一的列车控制系统，也可以与其它辅助轨旁系统结合使用。A typical functional block diagram for a CBTC system is given in Annex B.一个典型的CBTC系统功能结构框图见附录B。4.3 Range of applications 适用范围The CBTC performance and functional requirements defined in this standard are

51、intended to be applicable to the full range of transit applications, including light rail, heavy rail, and commuter rail transit systems, and shall be applicable to other transit applications, such as automated people movers (APMs) if CBTC is used for ATC.本标准定义的CBTC性能和功能需求可以满足所有线路应用，包括轻轨、重轨、通勤火车，如果C

52、BTC系统配置ATC的话，该标准也能够用于其它线路应用如旅客捷运系统。NOTEASCE 21-96 B3 establishes additional requirements related to operating environment, safety requirements, system dependability, and audio/visual communications for APM systems.备注：ASCE21-96B3给出了APM系统与操作环境、安全需求、系统可靠性和音/视频通信的附加要求。It is the intent of this standard t

53、hat tiered levels of functionality, and interoperability between equipment provided by multiple vendors, are facilitated to the extent required by the authority having jurisdiction. All CBTC systems shall include ATP functions.本标准旨在使运营管理部门提出功能等级、不同供应商提供不同设备的互换性，这些要求更容易些。所有的CBTC系统必须具备ATP功能。4.4 Train

54、configurations 列车配置A CBTC system shall be capable of supporting a variety of train configurations, including the following:CBTC系统应可以支持各种列车配置，包括：a) Fixed-length unidirectional trains comprised of one or more basic operating units单方向运行，由单个或若干操作单元组成的、编组长度固定的列车；b) Fixed-length bidirectional trains compr

55、ised of one or more basic operating units 双方向运行，由单个或若干操作单元组成的、编组长度固定的列车；c) Variable-length unidirectional trains 单方向运行编组长度可变的列车；d) Variable-length bidirectional trains 双方向运行编组长度可变的列车；A CBTC system shall be capable of supporting a mixed fleet of trains, where specific trains, and/or classes of trains

56、, have different performance characteristics.CBTC系统应可以支持具有不同性能参数的特殊列车和/或常规列车的混合运行。4.5 Train operating modes 列车操作模式CBTC-equipped trains may be operated by either a single person or a multi-person crew. A CBTC system may also be required to support operation of trains without crews.装备CBTC的列车可以由一个或多个司机

57、操作。CBTC系统应可以支持列车的无人驾驶。For operation of trains with crews, the train operator will typically be stationed in the lead car of the train and will be responsible for moving the train from station to station. With a multi-person crew, the conductor(s) will normally operate from conductor position(s) with

58、in the train to operate the trains doors. A CBTC system shall support single-person train operation by combining the conductor and train operator display information on the train operators display. For multi-person crews, conductor display information shall also be provided on separate conductor displays.对于有乘务员的列车，列车员通常坐在车头驾驶室里，并负责驾驶列车由一站向另一站运行。对于有多位乘务员的情况，列车员一般在列车中的司机的位置操作列车的车门。对于单个列车员的情况，CBTC应将列车操作情况集中到司机的显示器上；对于多位列车员的情况，应将信息显示到各个列车员的显示器上。For the purposes of this standard, operation of trains without crews includes