十四、高中语法分类 特殊句式.ppt

1、十四、特殊句式 （一）省略 熟读深思 为了使语言简洁或避免重复，省略句中的某 一个或某几个句子成分，这种语法现象叫省略。 请观察以下各句，看各句各省略了什么成分？ 1.（It） Sounds like a good idea. 这听起来是个好主意。 2.（Is） Anybody here?有人在吗？ 3.(Do) You live here?你住这里？ 4.(I want) Orange juice,please.我想要桔子汁。,5.（Are you） Feeling any better today?今天 感觉好些了吗？ 6.Where is Tom? 汤姆在哪？ I dont know (

2、where he is). 我不知道。 7.I wanted him to go with me but he refused to (go with me). 我想叫他跟我去，但他拒绝了。,归纳总结 1.有时为了避免重复或使语言简洁、重点突出 等，在不损害句子结构或引起歧义的前提下可 以省略句子中的功能词，如冠词、介词、连词 等；句子的某些成分，如主语、谓语或谓语的 一部分、表语、定语、状语等。 Well do the best we can (do). 我们会尽最大努力。（省略谓语中的主要动词） 2.“主语+be动词”在口语中经常省略。 (Its) Too bad.We dont have

3、 time. 太糟了，我们没时间了。,3.在不定式结构中，若不定式含有be,have,have been时，通常保留be,have或have been,而把其 余部分省略。 4.在口语中，特别是在简洁的回答中，经常为了 突出答案，有时只保留重点内容或只保留主语 和助动词。 Have you finished your work? 你完成作业了吗？ Yes,I have (finished my work). 是的，完成了。,（二）倒装 熟读深思 熟读下列句子，体会倒装句式的特点，思考在什么情况下用倒装句式。 1.Never will Zhou Yang forget his first ass

4、ignment at the office of China Daily. 周阳永远不会忘记他在中国日报报社第一 天上班的工作任务。 2.Only when you have seen what he or she does can you cover a story by yourself. 只有等你见了他们的工作以后，你才能独自去 进行新闻采访。,3.Not only am I interested in photography, but I took a course at university. 对摄影我不仅只是感兴趣，在大学里我还专修 过摄影。 4.He can swim and s

5、o can I.他会游泳；我也会。 5.So little did they agree on the plan that they couldnt settle their differences. 他们对计划有很不同的意见以致于无法消除分 歧。 6.Were he(=If he were) rich enough,he would buy a new car.要是他有钱的话，他会买一辆 新的小汽车。,归纳总结 倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装 1.以there,here,now,then,such引导的,引起人们 注意的招呼句,要全部倒装。 2.表动态的状语，置于句首时，句子要全部倒装。 3.表

6、地点的词语置于句首或强调地点概念时全部 倒装。 Between the two buildings stands a tall tree. 在两幢楼之间有一棵大树。,【点金】 当句子的主语有人称代词担当时，句 子不倒装，如：Here it is./Away they went. 4.否定词never,seldom,hardly,scarcely, barely,rarely,little,not,nowhere,by no means,at no time,neither,nor等放在句首 时，句子常用部分倒装。,5.在not only.but also.,no sooner. than.,

7、hardly.when.,scarcely. when., not until.,so.that.,such. that.句型中，主句用部分倒装，从句不倒 装，但要注意：neither.nor.连接句子的 主语时前后两个分句都倒装。 6.only放在句首修饰状语时要部分倒装。 7.so,neither,nor放在句首时，表示主语与前面 的主语状态相同时，用部分倒装。,8.表语、状语或动词原形+as/though+主语+其他 时，句子要倒装。 Hero as he is,he still has shortcomings. 尽管他是一个英雄，但是他也有缺点。 Much as I like it,

8、Ill not buy it. 尽管我很喜欢它，但我不会买。 9.however放在句首时，形容词或副词跟在 however后用倒装句式。 However difficult it is,Ill work it out on time. 不管它有多难，我都会按时完成。,（三）强调 熟读深思 熟读下列句子，思考强调句式的用法。 1.It is not only blind men who make such stupid mistakes. 不仅仅只有盲人才犯这样愚蠢的错误。 2.It was not until you told me that I realized my mistakes.

9、直到你告诉我，我才意识到我犯的错误。 3.Was it because you were stuck in the traffic that you came late? 是不是因为交通堵塞你被困住才来晚的？,4.Why is it that smoking is not forbidden here? 为什么抽烟在这里没有被禁止呢？ 5.It was in 1988 that he joined the League. 就是在1988年他入的团。 6.It was because her mother was ill that she didnt come to school yesterd

10、ay. 正是因为她妈妈生病了，她昨天才没来上学。,7.It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I recognized she was a famous film star. 直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她是一位有名的电 影明星。 8.Do be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时一定要小心。 9.Mike does enjoy playing football. 麦克确实喜欢踢足球。,归纳总结 强调句的结构为It is/was+强调部分+that/ who+其他。使用时要注意以下几个方面：

11、1.强调人时可用who作连接词，强调其他任何部分 时只用that。所强调的可以是单词、短语，也 可以是从句，但结构必须完整。被强调的成分 可以是主语、宾语或状语，但不能是定语或谓 语。 2.强调句型的一般疑问句只需把is/was提至句 首，特殊疑问句用“特殊疑问词+is/was+it +that+其他部分”。,3.在强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，仍然 用that而不用when,where,why或how。原因状语 从句中只有because引导的从句可进行强调。 4.对not.until结构中由until引导的短语或从 句进行强调时，需用“It is/was not until .that.

12、”这一固定句型。that从句中谓语 动词用肯定形式。,5.强调句与主语从句的区别 含有主语从句的句子译成汉语时不可加上“正 是”或“就是”之类的字眼，而强调结构可 以；含有主语从句的句子若去掉It be.that /who.原句结构与意义均不成立，而强调句去 掉标志结构仍然成立。试比较： It was a great pleasure that we went camping there.（主语从句） 能去那里野营真是太令人高兴了。 It is football that is played all over the world.（强调句） 足球是一种全世界都踢的球。,6.It is/was.

13、that.结构不能强调谓语，如果 需要强调谓语时，需用助动词do,did或does,但 只限于祈使句和肯定的陈述句。,试题精选 1.Why cant I smoke here？ At no time in the meeting room. A.is smoking permitted B.smoking is permitted C.does smoking permit D.smoking does permit 解析 答句中否定介词短语at no time位于句 首时,表明了句子的主谓结构应采用部分倒装的 形式,即将句中的助动词调至主语之前。根据句 子意思该句为被动语态,排除选项B、C、

14、D。,A,2.Only as an interpreter how important it is to grasp English. A.when did I work;I realized B.when I worked;I realized C.when did I work;did I realize D.when I worked;did I realize 解析 only引导状语从句位于句首时,主句必须 用部分倒装。,D,3.Zhang Hua is clever and works hard at his lessons. . A.So is Li Ming B.So does

15、Li Ming C.It was the same with Li Ming D.So it is with Li Ming 解析 根据题干及句子结构可知,它含有两个不 同的谓语动词,当它的内容也适合另一个主语时, 这个句子需用So it is/was with sb./sth.或 It is/was the same with sb./sth.来表示。 选项C时态错误。,D,that they may eventually reduce the amount of labor needed on construction sites by 90 percent. A.Such constru

16、ction robots are clever B.So clever the construction robots are C.Such clever construction robots are D.So clever are the construction robots 解析 在so.that 或such.that 引导的结果状语从句中,当so或 such 位于句首时,主句要采用部分倒装形式。,D,5.Important his discovery was,it was regarded as a matter of no account in his time. A.whenB.

17、until C.asD.although 解析 分析句子意思可知,选项部分为让步状语 从句,当从句中用作表语的形容词或名词位于句 首时,要用as 或though,但助动词不前置。,C,6. in 1812,the New Orleans Battle could have been avoided. A.If the peace agreement was signed in America B.If the peace agreement had signed in America C.Was the peace agreement signed in America D.Had the p

18、eace agreement been signed in America,解析 根据题干中主句谓语动词的结构可知,该句 是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟结构,从句中谓语部 分应使用过去完成时,如果省略从属连词if,句子 应采用部分倒装形式,即将助动词had调至主语之 前。选项A为陈述语序；选项B为主动语态；选项C 时态错误。 答案 D,7.It was too noisy outside.Not until I shouted at the top of my voice his head. A.did he turnB.had he turned C.he hadnt turnedD.he di

19、dnt turn 解析 根据题干及句子结构可知,not until引 导的时间状语从句位于句首,且表示过去某一时 刻所发生的动作,主句应采用一般过去时的部分 倒装形式。,A,8.It was she was injured in the accident she didnt come to the party yesterday. A.as;whichB.because;that C.since;whyD.for;how 解析 根据句子结构可以看出该句是一强调句 型,强调部分是原因状语从句。此句的陈述语序 为She didnt come to the party yesterday becau

20、se she was injured in the accident.,B,9.It was on the farm he spent his childhood he learned how to grow vegetables. A.where;thatB.which;when C.that;thatD.which;which 解析 根据句子意思可知,第一空为定语从句, 先行词the farm 在从句he spent his child- hood 中作地点状语,故选where;第二空为强调 的陈述部分,应由连词that连接。,A,10.Was it not until you began

21、 to work how much time you had wasted？ A.did you realize B.that you realized C.did you not realize D.that you didnt realize 解析 分析句子结构可知,该题为It was not until的强调句型结构,故应选由that连接的陈 述结构,由于 not前置,故陈述结构中必须使用 肯定结构形式。 如果 not until引导的时间状 语位于句首,则句子必须采用部分倒装形式,且 用肯定结构。,B,11.My parents lots of food and money then

22、to make sure I dont starve;so starving is of my worries. A.do leave;the most B.did have left;the most C.do have left;the least D.did leave;the least 解析 did用来强调动词,加强语气。,D,12.We have to admit that never in the past twenty years so greatly as today. A.did the city change B.the city has changed C.has the city changed D.the city had changed 解析 never位于句首,句子用倒装语序。,C,13.The bus hit against a tree in the fog and to the deep valley,with ten passengers killed and twenty wounded. A.down did it roll B.down rolled it C.it down rolled D.down it rolled