BEC_图表作文.ppt

1、BEC 图表作文,Writing: Part one,1Describing and explaining a graph 120-140 words (within 25 mins),图表作文的分类,数据类： 1. table 表格图 2. line chart /line graph曲线图(线状图) 3. bar chart 柱状图 4. pie chart 饼状图,Table,Line Graph,Bar Chart/Column Chart,柱状图,Pie Chart,饼状图,图表作文的文章结构,1. 引言部分 2. 主体段落 3. 结论部分,1. 引言部分 (introduction

2、) 包括两个句子，第一句改写题目，叙述图表描述的内容和时间段，（有时候根据需要写上第二句）第二句概述图表的大概趋势。,The educational background of employees in a company,The column graph shows the changes of educational levels of staff members in a company in the year of 1991, 1996 and 2000.,The percentage of energy source in America,According to the pie g

3、raphs, there is a dramatic change in the percentage of the energy sources of the united states in 1970 and 1980.,图表作文开头段的写法,开头段的写法：改写、转述题目 1.改变题干中关键词的词性 2. 改变题干中关键词的位置 3.同义替换,同义转换 4.加入图表中的其他文字信息(时间，性别，国家,对象) 5.开头段永远是一般现在时,原题干:The graph below shows the enrollments of overseas students and local stude

4、nts in Britains universities.,The given bar chart demonstrates the (说明图表类型） (同义替换) proportion of foreign students and local (添加新信息) (同义替换) students enrolled in Britains universities (关键词词性和位置) from 1989 to 1999. (添加新信息),图表作文开头段常用替换,1. show: give, describe, demonstrate, outline, indicate, reveal, pre

5、sent, illustrate,2. Information: data, statistics, numbers, figures,3. proportion: percentage, share,饼状图,The graph below shows us the information how electricity is used in an average English home.,范例. The given pie chart demonstrates the percentage / proportion / data /statistics about what the ele

6、ctricity is used for in a common English family/household.,图表作文主体段的写法,图表作文主体段一个共同的写法： 主体段：1+X 1: 主体段的第一句概括总体趋势或者最显著的趋势 X：用X句介绍具体细节，每个句子争取涵盖文字信息，数字信息和比较三个方面，不要只是罗列数字，文字信息更重要 2. 根据图表数据作出合理分类,主体段的时态问题,1.一般过去时：图表中数据是以往数据，出现表示过去的年代 例: While Motorolas share of the global handset market rose to 20.6% from

7、18.7%, Samsung Electronics share fell to 12.2% from 12.5% in 2005.,2.一般现在时：图表中没有出现年代,只是一般数据的讨论（用的最广泛） 例: Britain produces 3% of the worlds carbon dioxides emissions, which are approximately the same as India.,3.一般将来时：图表中出现的年代超过了当前时间，就用一般将来时 但不要用will, 要用 be likely to, be predicted to, be expected to,

8、 be estimated to, be projected to 例: The total US greenhouse gas emissions are predicted to increase by 20% from 2015 to 2020.,线状图主体段写法,第一句：描述曲线的总体趋势 第二句：从起点开始描述 第三句以后：拐点，最高点，最低点，终点，变化趋势必须交代清楚，不必交代所有数据,主体段1,Microsoft saw its share prices change constantly. At the beginning of the July, the pric stoo

9、d at $90 and reached a peak of $100 in mid-July. but the price fell to under $80 in mid-August and then recovered to $90 by September. The share price then fluctuated at or around this level until the end of November.,主体段2,Apple shares, on the other hand, showed an overall upward trend. The price ro

10、se from $45 per share in July to almost $80 by mid-September. Following a sharp fall at the beginning of October, the share price picked up and increased steadily, reaching a peak of $100 by the end of November.,Body段写法,一般来讲,两根线分两段, 如果大于三根线,使用上升下降关系分段,如同为上升或下降则用更相同趋势的线来分段.,Sample study,The graph bel

11、ow shows the sales of a product in three major international markets in the period between June 1994 and January 1997. A new marketing strategy was introduced in June 1995. Write a report describing the information given in the graph.,Reference:,The graph shows the sales of a product in Japan, Franc

12、e and Indonesia during the period between June 1994 and Jan 1997.,In Japan, sales stood at $20,000 in June 1994, the lowest in comparison with the other two areas. The sales figure went down within the next year. In June 1995, there were virtually no sales at all. After a new strategy was introduced

13、, the sales began to pick up and rose steadily over the following one and a half years to reach a peak of $90,000 in January 1997.,Reference:,In France, the sales were $50,000 in June 1994. Unfortunately, the sales fell significantly between June 1994 and January 1996 despite of the new marketing st

14、rategy. In January 1996 sales were only $10,000. After that the sales figure leveled off for one and a half years.,Reference:,In Indonesia, the sales were the same as in France in June 1994. It kept going up and arriving at a peak of $70,000 in June 1995. After the new strategy was introduced the fi

15、gure fell slightly to around $60,000 over the next year before it picked up in May 1996. (187 words),Reference:,饼状图主体段写法,第一句话：说明饼状图的组成部分 第二句话：说明占比例最大的部分 第三句话以后：说明占比例第二的部分（或者：把剩下的几部分分类，把比例相同的部分捏合到一起说明）,单饼,饼状图主体段练习,第一句：It can be seen from the pie chart that the electricity is used for four purposes.,主

16、体段第一句开头“由图可见”的常用表达： It can be clearly seen from the chart that As can be clearly seen from the chart, We can see clearly from the chart that According to the chart, It is apparent/ obvious / evident / manifest from the. chart that,主体段第一句和第二句的过渡句： To be more exact, = More exactly, To be more precise,

17、 = More precisely, To be more specific, = More specifically, To be more detailed, = More detailedly,包含了,There are consist of be made up of ,X parts/categories,占百分比,occupy comprise constitute take up make up account for,X%,+,the percentage of x%,第二句开始： To be more precise, heating rooms and water acco

18、unts for the largest proportion (52.5%) of the electricity used, while the demand of ovens, kettles and washing machines occupies the 17.5% of the total need of electricity. Lighting, TV and radio represent the same percentage(15%) as do vacuum cleaners, food mixers and electric tools.,多个事物的排列法一(饼图,

19、柱形图,表格),A is the largest/smallest/longest. B is a close/far second with just+数字less. 或者:which is followed by B. Third comes C with only +数字. 或者：C is close/far behind with +数字 Following C comes D with +数字 . Finally/the rest is ,多个事物的排列法二(饼图,柱形图,表格),A occupied the maximal portion of the 研究对象 , with数字

20、,while B accounted for comparatively less rate, with only _. Furthermore, altogether of the 研究对象was shared by C,D and E（共享）. The remaining part of . was due to F,G,H,I and J .（剩余）,两个图的写作原则：,方法：分图写 第一张图排列法一或排列法二(占据,共享,剩余) 第二张图涨/跌/平的比较,一般都是5个对象,基本分为2涨+2跌+（1平）,Electric energy production in US,第一段,Accor

21、ding to the pie graphs, there is a dramatic change in the percentage of the energy sources of the united states in 1970 and 1980.,第一张图写法,Coal occupied the maximal portion of the sources of energy, with 47%, while Nuclear accounted for a tiny share, with only 1%（占据）. Furthermore, 28% altogether of th

22、e energy was shared by Oil and Hydro（共享）. The remaining 24% was due to Natural Gas（剩余）.,第二张图写法之数字升降法,涨/跌/稳定 （曲线图的3种变句） During the year 1980, the percentage of energy sources changed strongly . 涨: In 1980, Coal increased from 47% to 51% and nulclear boomed from 1% to 11% .,On the contrary, there was

23、a decrease of 4% in the percentage of Hydro(降). In addition, the year of 1980 witnessed a slump of 9% in Natural Gas(降). What is worth mentioning is Oil which remained almost stable during the decade(平).,末段,Through the charts, we can easily draw the conclusion that the new source of energy, particul

24、arly Nuclear was given full play while the traditional ones, though still dominant, reached their bottleneck/ceiling to some extent. (预测),柱状图,写作原则： 如果横坐标顶点连成线是时间或者数字，那么就按照线状图来写，反之则按照饼状图来写分类,但不必完全局限在一种题型的要求上,柱状图 Bar Chart,写法： 把相同属性的柱子顶端连起来 （1）趋势特征：线状图 （2）数据对比：饼状图,静态柱图练习,第一段,The graph shows the number

25、 of televisions and computers per 1000 users, for selected countries.,The number of televisions varies greatly between countries. The biggest audience for television is the Americans, with 750 televisions per 1000 people. In contrast, in the Philippines, there are only 20 televisions for every 1000

26、people. The rest position of the figures for the numbers of televisions in Sweden, France and the UK are similar, at between 500 and 600 sets per 1000 people.,In almost all countries, the number of PCs is lower than the number of televisions.The biggest gaps are in France, Saudi Arabia and Phillippi

27、nes. France and Phillippineshas twice as many televisions as computers, and in Saudi Arabia, there are 200 televisions per 1000 people compared to just 50 PCs. In contrast, in Sweden, the number of computers, at 500, is almost the same as the figure for televisions. South Korea is very unusual becau

28、se it has slightly more computers than televisions, at 400 compared to just 350 televisions.,结尾段,From the column, we can get that as might be expected, generally, most of the countries included in the graph have more televisions than computers,动态柱图,The biggest groups moving to New Zealand were the C

29、hinese and the British. In 2001 about 5500 each of British and Chinese nationals settled in New Zealand. Over the next three years, British immigration increased gradually and steadily to a peak of 8200 in 2004, and becam the largest immigration country to New Zealand . In contrast, immigration from

30、 China fluctuated sharply, rising to 8500 in 2002 and then plunging to just half, 4200, in 2004.,Indian immigration followed a similar pattern to the Chinese settlers. It was also around 5500 in 2001 and then rose to over 8000 in 2001 before falling back to just 3000 in 2004. In contrast, immigratio

31、n from South Africa and Fiji is much more constant at between 3000 and 4000 every year.,sample study 1,The graph below shows the different modes of transport used to travel to and from work in one European city in 1960, 1980 and 2000.,柱状图线状图,四线图 分类 增长的 car 减少的 bus 波动的 train tube,P1,The graph below s

32、hows the different modes of transport used to travel to and from work in one European city in 1960, 1980 and 2000. 题目 The bar graph illustrates the changing patterns in commuting by train, car, tube or bus for commuters in one European city in the years 1960, 1980 and 2000.,P2,The number of people u

33、sing trains at first rose from just under 20% in 1960 to about 26% in 1980, but then fell back to about 23% in 2000.,P3,Use of the tube was relatively stable, falling from around 27% of commuters in 1960 to 22% in 1980, but climbing back to reach 25% by 2000.,P4,On the other hand, the use of cars in

34、creased steadily from just over 5% in 1960 to 23% in 1980, reaching almost 40% by 2000, whereas the popularity of buses has declined since 1960, falling from just under 35% in 1960 to 27% in 1980 and only 15% in 2000.,P5,The graph indicates the growing use of cars for commuting to work between 1960

35、- 2000, and the continued decline in the popularity of buses from being the most popular mode of transport in 1960 to the least popular in 2000.,sample study 2,The chart below shows the different levels of post-school qualification in Australia and the proportion of men and women who held them in 19

36、99.,分组法,低学历 （skilled vocational diploma）女低于男 中学历 （undergraduate diploma, Bachelors degree）女高于男，而且Bachelors degree的两者数值基本相等。 高学历 （postgraduate diploma, masters degree）女低于男,P1,The chart below shows the different levels of post-school qualification in Australia and the proportion of men and women who h

37、eld them in 1999.题目 The chart gives information about post-school qualifications in terms of the different levels of further education reached by men and women in Australia in 1999.,P2,We can see immediately that there were substantial differences in the proportion of men and women at different leve

38、ls.不同点 The biggest gender difference is at the lowest post-school level, where 90% of those who held a skilled vocational diploma were men, compared with only 10% of women. By contrast, more women held undergraduate diplomas (70%) and less women reached degree level (55%).,P3,At the higher levels of

39、 education, men with postgraduate diplomas clearly outnumbered their female counterparts (70% and 30%, respectively), and also constituted 60% of Masters graduates. counterpart 同类,P4,Thus we can see that more men than women hold qualifications at the lower and higher levels of education, while more

40、women reach undergraduate diploma level than men. 不同点，趋势 The gender difference is smallest at the level of Bachelors degree, however.,3. 结论部分 再次用一句话概述和总结图表，和introduction部分很相似，但更加具体，不含数据。,Sample study 1 Sample study 2 Sample study 3 Sample study 4,Sample study 1,The bar chart below shows the number o

41、f complaints made by consumers about different products and services in the years 1994 and 1997. Write a short report describing the information in the graph.,Reference:,The bar chart displays the changes in the number of complaints made by consumers about five kinds of products and services between

42、 1994 and 1997. According to the diagram, there was an increase in the complaints about most of the products and services.,The number of complaints about package holidays abroad and financial services increased over the period. The complaints made about the package holidays abroad rose by 12.7% from

43、 15,000 in 1994 to about 18,000 in 1997. And there were about 52,000 complaints about the financial services in 1997, 5.2% up on 1994.,Reference:,There were also more complaints about electric goods and second-hand cars in 1997 than in 1994. The complaints about the two products rose by 9.2% and 6.7

44、% respectively. The former increased from 66,000 in 1994 to about 70,000 in 1997 and the latter went up from 80,000 to 86,000. And clothing is the only sector where the number of complaints dropped over the period. In 1994, there were around 45,000 complaints while the figure decreased by 4% to arou

45、nd 43,000 in 1997.,Reference:,In conclusion we can see there were more complaints about the products and services in 1997 than in 1994 with the only exception of clothing.,Reference:,Sample study 2,The graph below shows the profit or loss made on three new products (A, B and C) in the year following

46、 their introduction to the market. Using the information from the graph, write a short report of 120-140 words on changes that occurred between February 2000 and the end of the year. Write on your answer sheet.,Reference：,Report on three products profit or loss Introduction The graph indicates the p

47、rofit or loss made on three new products after their introduction to the market from February, 2000 to December, the same year.,Reference：,Findings For Product A, it began to make profit immediately after launching with 5,000 dollars by April. Then it kept going up and reached the peak of 7,000 doll

48、ars by August. Unfortunately, it started to fall slightly till October, and finally dropped to 2,500 dollars profit at the end of December.,Reference：,Product C is the only one that did not make profit during this period. In its first four months in the market, it could just make ends meet before th

49、e profit was to increase from June to August, ending up with 1,000 dollars. Then, it dramatically declined to 1,000 dollars loss in October, and recovered a bit in the next two month, though still not making profit.,Reference：,Conclusion Both Product A and B were making profits between February and

50、December 2000, and Product C ended up with 1,000 dollars loss during this period.,Sample study 4,The graph below shows development in the ownership of mobile telephones as a percentage of telephones owned. Write a short report for a university lecturer describing the changes in telephone ownership.,

51、Mobile Telephone Ownership as Percentage of All Telephone Ownership,Reference:,From the bar charts, we can see the changes in the ownership of mobile phones as a percentage of all telephones owned in Europe, USA and Asia respectively between 1993 and 1998 and a forecast about the percentages in the

52、year 2003.,During the five years between 1993 and 1998, there was an increase in mobile telephone ownership in proportion to all the telephone users in the three areas. In Europe, 4% of the telephone owners were mobile phone subscribers in 1993. The percentage rose to 14% in 1998. In the USA, the pe

53、rcentage was 8% in 1993, the highest among the three areas. It increased to 18% in 1998. In Asia, there was a threefold increase from 2% in 1993 to 8% in 1998.,Reference:,It is forecast that the upturn trend will continue in the following five years. In 2003, 18% of the telephone owners in Europe ar

54、e estimated to be mobile phone users, compared to around 35% in USA and 28% in Asia.,Reference:,Also obvious from the diagram is that Asia is the most rapid. In 1993, the percentage was only 2%, the lowest among the three areas while in 2003, it is likely to be 28%, almost 10% higher than that of Eu

55、rope, the lowest among three areas.,Reference:,Phrases used to describe the graph,Phrases used to describe the graph,图的说法： Chart; graph; diagram; table; pie chart; line graph; 根据图表可以看出： From the chart we can see that. According to the chart we can see that . 这个图能显现出： The chart shows/displays/indicat

56、es/ illustrates/reflects,Changes of the graph (图表的变化),Changes of the graph (图表的变化),Upward trend: verbs,increase to go up to rise to grow to jump to 突升；猛增： leap to 激增，剧增；猛增 soar to 猛增，剧增 shoot to 突然增长(或上升) to 指增加到/上涨到某点；by指增加/上涨了多少,Upward trend: nouns,an increase of a growth of an upward trend a jump

57、 a soar of指增加/上涨了多少,Downward trend: verbs,fall to decrease to go down to Slide to (下跌，跌落) decline to drop to collapse to暴跌，猛跌,Downward trend: nouns,a decrease of a fall of a decline of a drop of a collapse of,to keep steady 持水平不变,to keep steady to remain constant to stay the same to hardly change to

58、 have little change,to level off at (上升后)开始稳定下来,止跌回升,take up at + 数据 recover/recovery at +数据 pick up,波折变化/上下波动,fluctuate around fluctuate sharply all through ,Adverbs of degree(表示程度的副词),1. 程度较大： considerably dramatically greatly markedly obviously quickly rapidly sharply significantly suddenly,2. 程度

59、较小： gradually slowly slightly steadily,Adverbs of degree(表示程度的副词),Prepositions about time,in fromto between.and duringand at the start of by the end of over at the end of throughout ,上升和下降趋势的组合描述（嵌入了时间和程度之后）：,1. 先上升后下降的句型： . increased slowly during and but fell sharply in . A steady fall in during and followed the sharp increase in .,2. 先下降后上升的句型： fell before and began to make a recovery /continue the recovery, climbing to dropped during but increased again