短文听力答题技巧.ppt

1、2020/7/26,Business English Translation,1,CET-4 短文理解, 重两头轻中间。,西方人说话时喜欢单刀直入、开门见山，所以往往一篇文章的开头就是全文的主题句，即便不是主题句，也会包含很多信息，理解这些信息有利于考 生把握整篇文章。而结尾部分通常又是文章的总结句，概括和归纳了全文的中心。所以考生在听这部分的录音时，一定要抓住文章的开头和结尾。, 注意标志性细节。,听力材料中出现的时间、数字、地点等信息以及表示原因和转折关系的词汇和句子经常是标志性的出题点所在。所以，考生在听的时候要特别留意这些细节，做好笔记。,2020/7/26,Business Engl

2、ish Translation,2,Part II短文听力题 一文章类型 1介绍性 （1）讲故事 （2）说明性对现实生活的影响 2讨论性 conclusion说出一个结论 3. 对比性my opinion.讲述我的观点,2020/7/26,Business English Translation,3,三解题步骤 1听之前看选项 1)看选项长短 2)找出选项中的相同词以便确定文章的内容和范围 3)找数字题年代，时间，数目，金钱（听到什么选什么） 注意：在第一部分短对话中，听到什么不选什么，一般都要通过运算才能的出正确结论。这一点与段子题刚好相反。,2020/7/26,Business Engli

3、sh Translation,4,2抓两头 1)听到结尾回忆结尾的一两句话 2)重复词(重复出现的词就是文章所讲述的重点内容)，同时提示文章快要结束了 3)As a result, so , therefore, thus均提示文章快要结束了,2020/7/26,Business English Translation,5,做题原则： 听到什么选什么。 1、适合边听边看选项：选项短，问的是细节题，问题的顺序与行文顺序一致。 2、集中精力听完文章：选项长，主线题，问的是中心思想。,2020/7/26,Business English Translation,6,3中间抓小词 1)要牢记以下七个小

4、词： first, most , because出现，99%会出考题 only, just也会出考题 but, however也会出考题 2)常考的逻辑关系： 并列：and 因果：because 转折：but , however 递进：the more ,the more 让步：despite, although, though,2020/7/26,Business English Translation,7,用常识猜题： 正常思维推理。 Section B的短文叙述的都是客观的事实。针对事实性的文章，我们应学会运用常识来推出正确选项。,2020/7/26,Business English T

5、ranslation,8,文章开头抓名词，名词概念为文章讨论的对象。如一题中问：What is the topic of this talk? 选项中找electric car。What is the advantage of the electric car over the traditional gas-fueled car? 我们不需要对段子听得很清楚就可以轻易地想出答案：没污染！比如：silk。再比如问：如果南极洲的冰帽融化，将对地球产生什么影响？What will happen if the ice cap of Antarctica melts? 我们立即会想到海平面会上升！所以

6、，听段子时，我们需要客观冷静。有时，要跳出原文来客观地审视考题。,2020/7/26,Business English Translation,9,4.补救措施 如果没听清楚文章内容，就必须听清楚题目问什么，然后用common sense常识来判断正误,2020/7/26,Business English Translation,10,四题型 1）主观态度题：讲facts,选正态度（就是说，选一个积极的，赞扬的，好的态度） Whats the speakers attitude toward sth? Whats the speakers impression of sth? 主观态度题常常不

7、会考太过细致的选项（就是说，说得太精确的选项一般都是用来迷惑人的）,2020/7/26,Business English Translation,11,考题特点：选项出现四个形容词。 解题方向：Speaker的态度反映在文中的形容词或副词。注重fortunately, luckily, unfortunately这样的具感情色彩的词。但凡听力中的段子，Speaker对于谈论的对象，不论是人物还是事物，都可能有双向评论。但在CET听力中，如果未能听出态度方向。只要选正态度就可以了！因为反驳的文章要比介绍性的文章复杂的多。典型的段子往往会说一个人对人类社会，或对某一团体有着伟大的贡献。或叙述某个组

8、织，某个机构有创新性的，划时代意义的活动。,2020/7/26,Business English Translation,12,2、客观题,比如数字题。 （问： 时间，多少，年代）,问：When; How many.; How much? 在Section A中的数字题的对策是听到什么不选取什么，即把听到的数字在选项中要排除掉，因为Section A这部分要考察对数字的进一步运算能力。你听到的一定是原始数据，而不是最终结果（正确选项）。 但是，在Section B的短文中，对策完全要反过来。 即听到哪个数字就要选那个数字。短文中的数字不考运算。,考题特点：比较明显。 选项都有数字（或年代，或时

9、间等）。,解题对策：听题前第一步看选项时，如果看到数字题，把笔入在此题处，随时准备记录。听到什么，选什么。如有两个数字出现。先都记下来。在听问题时再进一步排除,2020/7/26,Business English Translation,13,2）中心思想题 Whats the passage mainly talking about? Whats the main idea of this passage? Whats the topic of this passage? 当这些词出现在中心思想题中时，选项常为正确： development . evolution进化，演化（缓慢的过程），

10、formation形成过程，effects, and,2020/7/26,Business English Translation,14,Questions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard. 14. Why is Toluker prison called an open prison? 考开头 15. What is the essential characteristic of Toluker prison? 考结尾“Because” 16. How long did Barb Crook stay in the

11、Toluker prison? 客观数字题 17. What is the speakers attitude toward this type of prison? 态度方向题 注：work 起作用。同义词help；do some good；do any good。 注：1. gonna = going to 2. wanna = want to,2020/7/26,Business English Translation,15,3、宏观题 宏观题考察文章的整体思想把握，即中心思想题（Main idea/ Topic题）。一篇文章的首尾是这篇文章的灵魂，体现Speaker的观点。 考题特点：

12、What is the passage mainly about? What is the passage talking about? What is the main idea of this talk? 等。 解题对策：对于中心思想题。我们可以从三方面来把握。,2020/7/26,Business English Translation,16,一、从选项入手。选项中出现的多次重复的词一定是中心词（Key word），正确的main idea选项应该包括，围绕这个中心词来叙述。 二、从段子入手，要特别注意文章的两头。尤其是文章的开始两个句子最重要。开头一定出考题！具体需要听的是文章开头的名

13、词。选答案时要优先选含有该名词的选项。 三、从段子后面的问题入手。这样也可以提供中心词的线索。大多数的考题都问及的词一定就是此段的中心词。,2020/7/26,Business English Translation,17,线索词： （1）段子开头的名词 （2）文章中间的高频词 （3）选项中有如下小词出现：development；evolution；formation；new；effect；and。,2020/7/26,Business English Translation,18,paraphrase替换题 1)词组与词的替换 cancel= call off late /delay=beh

14、ind schedule 2)词与词的替换 a.同义词 interesting=stimulating=fascinating=exciting b.反义词,2020/7/26,Business English Translation,19,口语中常用短语： 1. mess 脏乱 His dormitory is in a big mess. 2. meet = come across = run into = bang into 遇见。 happen to meet 恰巧碰到 3. 与动词搭配使用最多的是out，因为out代表一种极端的状态，很彻底。,2020/7/26,Business E

15、nglish Translation,20,run out of 用完了 check out 借书；办理出院手续；彻底检查；退房（check in 开房）；结帐离开 wear out 穿破 be worn out （物）破旧；（人）疲惫 make out 辨认出 figure out 想清楚，弄明白 She has a figure that kills. 身材很棒。 She has a face that kills. 长得非常漂亮,2020/7/26,Business English Translation,21,work out 想清楚，弄明白，解决问题；（gym场景）拼命锻炼 help

16、 out 帮个大忙 find out 打听，查明真相 dine out 外出吃饭，下馆子 cook out 在外野餐 hang out 闲逛 turn out (to be) 事实证明,2020/7/26,Business English Translation,22,A) He cant find his new apartment. B) He had a bigger apartment before. C) He finds the new apartment too big for him. D) Hes having a hard time finding an apartment

17、. W: How do you find your new apartment? M: Well, its quite nice really, although I have a hard time getting used to living in a big place. Q: What is the mans problem?,2020/7/26,Business English Translation,23,注 1. dormitory 宿舍 apartment 公寓 laboratory secretary 房子难找；房租贵；房太吵 2. How do you find .= Ho

18、w do you like. 3. be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 选项中找be accustomed to doing sth.或adapt used to do sth 过去常常 选项中找 was always 或找否定句+now,2020/7/26,Business English Translation,24,练习,20106 Passage Two Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard. 30. A) State your problem to the head wai

19、ter. B) Demand a discount on the dishes ordered. C) Ask to see the manager politely but firmly. D) Ask the name of the person waiting on you. 31.A) You problem may not be understood correctly. B) You dont know if you are complaining at the right time. C) Your complaint may not reach the person in ch

20、arge. D) You cant tell how the person on the line is reacting. 32.A) Demand a prompt response. B) Provide all the details. C) Send it by express mail. D) Stick to the point.,预读： 30 人物动作 31 原因 32 动作（建议型或将来动作） 话题：complain,2020/7/26,Business English Translation,25,CDD The way to complain is to act busi

21、ness-like and important. If your complaint is immediate, suppose you got the wrong order at a restaurant, make a polite but firm request to see the manager. When the manager comes, ask his or her name. And then state your problem and what you expect to have done about it. Be polite! Shouting or acti

22、ng rude will get you nowhere. But also be firm in making your complaint. Besides, act important. This doesnt mean to put on airs and say “do you know who I am?” What it means is that people are often treated the way they expect to be treated. If you act like someone who expects a fair request to be

23、granted, chances are it will be granted. The worst way to complain is over the telephone. You are speaking to a voice coming from someone you cannot see. So you cant tell how the person on the line is reacting. It is easy for that person to give you the run-around. Complaining in person or by letter

24、 is generally more effective. If your complaint doesnt require an immediate response, it often helps to complain by letter. If you have an appliance that doesnt work, send a letter to the store that sold it. Be business-like and stick to the point. Dont spend a paragraph on how your uncle John tried

25、 to fix the problem and couldnt.,2020/7/26,Business English Translation,26,2020/7/26,Business English Translation,27,Keys to Model 3,China is a country with a great diversity of religions, with over 100 million followers of the various faiths. The main religions are Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Catholic

26、ism and Christianity. Buddhism was introduced to China from ancient India approximately in the first century AD, and became increasingly popular and the most influential religion in China after the fourth century. Tibetan Buddhism, as a branch of Chinese Buddhism, is popular primarily in Tibet and I

27、nner Mongolia. Taoism probably took shape as a religion during the second century, based on the philosophy of Laozi and his work, the Dao De Jing.,2020/7/26,Business English Translation,28,本文主要介绍了历史上的松赞干布和其主张的通婚政策，为说明文。本文描述的都是过去的事情，故译文时态应为一般过去时。翻译时注意人名、地名的表达。,描述历史人物、历史事件用一般过去时,2020/7/26,Business Eng

28、lish Translation,29,1. 据说松赞干布（Songtsan Gambo）英俊、机智、勇敢而且健壮。2为了国家的和平与稳定，他发现最有效的方式是和周边王国通婚。3在娶了尼泊尔的一位公主之后，他把注意力转移到大唐。4希望通过和大唐的公主结婚而引进中原的先进文化和生产技术，松赞干布派他的大臣到长安正式向唐太宗提出联姻。5后来，文成公主下嫁到吐蕃（Tubo）。6此后，吐蕃和大唐建立了亲密友好的关系。,2020/7/26,Business English Translation,30,Keys to Model 4,It was said that King Songtsan Gamb

29、o had been a wise, handsome and brave man, with a strong body. He found the most convenient way to secure the kingdoms peace and stability is to establish matrimonial relationships between his royal family and those of his neighboring kingdoms. After marrying a princess of Nepal, he turned his atten

30、tion to Tang. Wishing that the advanced culture and production technologies would be introduced from the Central to strengthen Tubo by marrying to princess of Tang, Songtsan Gambo sent his court Minister to Changan to officially propose the matrimonial relationship to Emperor Taizong. Later, Princes

31、s Wencheng was married off to Tubo. Since then, Tubo established intimate relations with the Tang Dynasty.,2020/7/26,Business English Translation,31,1. 据说松赞干布（Songtsan Gambo）英俊、机智、勇敢而且健壮。,Its said that,松赞干布是一个英俊、机智、勇敢而且健壮的人,King Songtsan Gambo had been a wise, handsome and brave man, with a strong b

32、ody.,2为了国家的和平与稳定，他发现最有效的方式是和周边王国通婚。,A is B=A is to do,He found the most convenient way to secure the kingdoms peace and stability is to establish matrimonial relationships between his royal family and those of his neighboring kingdoms.,He found,the most convenient way to,secure the kingdoms peace an

33、d stability,2020/7/26,Business English Translation,32,3在娶了尼泊尔的一位公主之后，他把注意力转移到大唐。,After marrying a princess of Nepal,he turned his attention to Tang.,4希望通过和大唐的公主结婚而引进中原的先进文化和生产技术，松赞干布派他的大臣到长安正式向唐太宗提出联姻。,Wishing that the advanced culture and production technologies would be introduced from the Central

34、 to strengthen Tubo by marrying to princess of Tang, Songtsan Gambo sent his court Minister to Changan to officially propose the matrimonial relationship to Emperor Taizong.,Wishing that the advanced culture and production technologies would be introduced from the Central to strengthen Tubo by marry

35、ing to princess of Tang,Songtsan Gambo sent his court Minister to Changan to,officially propose the matrimonial relationship to Emperor Taizong.,2020/7/26,Business English Translation,33,5后来，文成公主下嫁到吐蕃（Tubo）。,Later, Princess Wencheng was married off to Tubo.,6此后，吐蕃和大唐建立了亲密友好的关系。,Since then, Tubo esta

36、blished intimate relations with the Tang Dynasty.,2020/7/26,Business English Translation,34,补充材料：历史人物：孔子,1.孔子(ConfUcius)是一位思想家、政治家，教育家，也是中国儒 学(the Ru School)思想的创始人。2.儒学(Confucianism)，这个道德和宗教哲学的大系统建立在孔圣人(Master Kung)的教学上。3.冯友兰， 中国思想史上20世纪伟大的的权威之一，把孔子在中国历史上的影 响比作西方的苏格拉底。,2020/7/26,Business English Tra

37、nslation,35,1.孔子(Confucius)是一位思想家、政治家，教育家，也是中国儒学(the Ru School)思想的创始人。,Confucius was a thinker, political figure, educator,A,was,B,A is founder of,the Ru School of Chinese thought,2.儒学(Confucianism)，这个道德和宗教哲学的大系统建立在孔圣人(Master Kung)的教学上。,Confucianism, built upon the teachings of Master Kung.,the grea

38、t system,of,moral and religious philosophy,Confucianism, the great system of moral and religious philosophy built upon the teachings of Master Kung.,2020/7/26,Business English Translation,36,3.冯友兰， 中国思想史上20世纪伟大的的权威之一，把孔子在中国历史上的影 响比作西方的苏格拉底。,Fung You-lan, one of the great 20th century authorities on

39、the history of Chinese thought, compares Confucius influence in Chinese history with that of Socrates in the West.,同位语作主语,one of authorities,the great 20th century on the history of Chinese thought,Fung You-lan, the one,冯友兰把孔子的影响作为苏格拉底对西方的影响,compares Confucius influence in Chinese history with that

40、of Socrates in the West.,Fung You-lan,2020/7/26,Business English Translation,37,Confucius was a thinker, political figure, educator, and founder of the Ru School of Chinese thought. Confucianism, the great system of moral and religious philosophy built upon the teachings of Master Kung. Fung You-lan

41、, one of the great 20th century authorities on the history of Chinese thought, compares Confucius influence in Chinese history with that of Socrates in the West.,2020/7/26,Business English Translation,38,1. 在中国，笔、墨、纸、砚（ink slab），就是人们所说的“文房四宝”，在中华文明的传承中起了重要作用。文房四宝不仅有实用价值，它们本身也是供人观赏的艺术品，并逐步成为收藏品。文房四宝品

42、类繁多，丰富多彩，选材制作不断趋于完善、精美，历代都有名品、名匠产生，成为一种深厚的文化积淀。在当今时代，使用笔、墨、纸、砚进行学习、写作的人越来越少了，但是，在中国的书法、绘画、收藏以及修身养性活动中，它们仍起着不可替代的作用。,2020/7/26,Business English Translation,39,In China, “four treasures of the study” refers to“ writing brush”, “ink stick”, “paper” and “ink slab”, playing an important role in passing on Chinese civilization. They not only have their value of practical use, but also become the works of art for appreciation and collection. There is a large variety of these four tr