句子Translation.ppt

1、E-C Translation,Lecturer: Gu Tao,Chapter 9 翻译综合练习：译词练习,1. Any person leaving litter about instead of putting it in this basket will liable to fine of $ 5 垃圾入筐，否则罚款五元。 2. Clothes or no clothes, I can read you like a book. 无论你有没有伪装，我都能读懂你/看穿你。 3. Why is the river rich? Because it has two banks. 为什么河流那

2、么富有？ 因为它总是向前（钱）流 /年年有余（鱼） 4. What does that lawyer do after he dies? Lie still. 律师死了以后干什么？躺着说鬼话。,5. I love my love with an E, because shes enticing; I hate her with an E, because shes engaged. I took her to the sign of the exquisite, and treated her with an elopement, Her names Amily, and she lives

3、in the east.,我爱我的那个丽，可爱迷人有魅力； 我恨我的那个丽，要和他人结伉俪； 她大方又美丽；和我出逃去游历； 她的芳名就叫艾米丽，家住东方人俏丽。,6. It was a splendid population- for all the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home. 出来这群人个个都出类拔萃；因为那些呆板，呆滞，呆头呆脑的呆子都呆在了家里。,6.(An individual human existence should be like a river-small at first, narrowly

4、contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls) Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being. (The man who,

5、 in old age, can see his life in this way, will not suffer from the fear of death, since the things he cares for will continue.) ( Bertrand Russell, “ How to Grow Old”). Boulder: 大石头,每一个人的生活都应该象河水一样-开始是细小的，被限制在狭窄的两岸之间，然后热烈地冲过巨石，滑下瀑布。渐渐地，河道变宽了，河岸扩展了，河水流得更平稳了。最后，河水流入了海洋，不再有明显的间断和停顿，而后便毫无痛苦地摆脱了自身的存在。能够

6、这样理解自己一生的老人，将不会因害怕死亡而痛苦，因为他所珍爱的一切都将继续存在下去。,个体生命的存在应当像一条河流刚开始很小，狭隘的局限于自己堤岸，富有激情的冲过岩石和瀑布。慢慢的，河流开始变得宽阔，堤岸在消退，水流也变得平静（参见静水流深），最后，没有明显的征兆，河流汇入了大海，毫无痛苦的结束了自己个体的存在。老年人能用这种方式来看待自己的生活的话，将不会经历死亡的恐惧，因为他关心的东西会延续。,6. Texas Big, bold and friendly, Texas offers colorful scenery, an exciting choice of recreational

7、opportunities and a unique pride in its local hospitality. Covering over 431,000 square kilometers, Texas is the second largest state in America. Choose from an array of scenic settings for a truly memorable travel adventure. Take in the surf and sun all year long on Padre Island. Ride the range as

8、cowboy or cowgirl at an authentic guest or working ranch. Dine out in style after a day of city shopping. Discover the original handicrafts and semitropical climate of the Rio Grande Valley. Range:山脉 ranch: 大牧场,幅员辽阔，民风粗犷，人们友好热情，风光多姿多彩，得克萨斯州是您娱乐休闲的最佳选择。 德州占地43万平方公里，是美国第二大州。德州有众多景点，供你挑选来一次真正的难忘之旅；你可以前

9、往帕德岛享受冲浪的乐趣和终年的日光；也可以到正宗的旅游牧场和工作牧场像牛仔一样享受驰骋的乐趣；还可以在一天的购物之后尽情享受德州美食；在里约格兰特山谷，则可以领略亚热带风情，并采撷到当地独具特色的手工艺品。,Chapter 10 Rhetoric and Its Translation,Phrases translation 中外合资企业 外资/独资企业 外向型企业 招商引资 沿海经济开发区,投资环境 打破铁饭碗 人均国民生产总值 关税壁垒 软着陆,Sino-foreign joint venture Foreign-funded/invested enterprise Exported-or

10、iented industry To invite outside investment Coastal economic development zone,Investment environment Break up “iron rice bowl” Per capita GNP/GDP Tariffs barrier/wall Soft landing,1. An introduction to rhetoric 1.1 Communicative Rhetoric: including the choice of words, the arrangement of structure,

11、 the logic of the discourse and its precise 1. “Friends,” said Mr. Blauvelt to the others, “ We are here to witness the union of two Lives in marriage. Let us listen to the words they have chose to read on this sacred occasion.” 朋友们，布洛维尔神父说，我们在此见证一对新人跨入婚姻的殿堂。让我们聆听他们在这个神圣时刻所做出的誓言。,2. I give you my ha

12、nd! I give you my love more precious than money I give you myself before preaching or law; Will you give me yourself? Will you come travel with me? Shall we stick by each other as long as we live?,我把我的手给你； 我把我那比金钱还要珍贵的爱给你； 我把我自己给你；请教理和法律作证； 你愿意把你自己给我吗? 你愿意和我风雨同行吗？ 你愿意和不离不弃，白头偕老吗？,1.2 Aesthetic rheto

13、ric: including all kinds of figures of speeches 1.3 Rhetoric and its Translation 1.3.1Figure of speech( including simile and metaphor): the signified, the signifier, similarity and dissimilarity,1.In foreign policy, flying solo can be risky business. 在外交政策中，独断专行是非常危险的。 2.My life is one long curve, f

14、ull of turning points. 3.The growing savings and loan scandal is a time bomb of President Bush that might not go off this year but could cause him serious political troubles by 1992 不断增长的信贷丑闻对布什总统来说，就像是一枚定时炸弹，虽然它在今年之内可能不会爆炸，但会在1992年之前带给他极大的政治麻烦。,4. I believe it was Mrs. Thatcher who introduced the i

15、dea of all the heads of government at the economic summits addressing each other by their first names. I know it helped put me at ease when I felt like the new kid at school at my first economic in Ottawa in 1981.,1981年我前往渥太华参加第一次经济峰会时，觉得自己就像一个刚上学的小学生一样，紧张极了，我相信是撒切尔夫人提出与会的各国首脑以名字相称，这让我轻松了很多。,1.3.2Sy

16、necdoche ( the part for the whole or the whole for the part, the abstract for the concrete or vice visa.) 1. He earned his bread as a labourer. 2.The poor man is now left without a roof. 3. The birds sang to welcome the smiling year. 鸟儿们歌唱着迎接春天 4.The surgeon cut me up and took out the appendix and s

17、titched me up again. 5. The wit and the learning of the world were assembled there.,6 Natures first green is gold, Her hardest hue to hold. Her early leafs a flower; But only so an hour. Then leaf subsides to leaf. So Eden sank to grief, So dawn goes down to day. Nothing gold can stay.,大自然的新绿是黄金， 可这

18、天然姿色最薄命， 大自然的嫩叶是朵花， 可这好景只是一刹那， 于是叶子无非叶子一张， 伊甸园也陷入了悲伤， 美好的清晨转眼成白昼； 黄金的时光不能留,1.3.3 Metonymy (congruity) 1. He reads Shakespeare. 2.He is fond of the bottle. 3. Karajan had ruled his august orchestra, the Berlin Philharmonicof which he had been named conductor for life in 1955with a brilliant ear and a

19、n iron fist. 卡拉扬从1955年起被任命为柏林交响乐团的终生指挥，从那时起，他就用他敏锐的听觉和铁一般的手腕领导着这个威严的乐队,4. “Today you can buy social status immediately, with all the trimmings,” says investment banker and sometimes social commentator Felix Pohatyn. “Social status today involves an enormous amount of publicity and a certain level of

20、 stardom. Weve become Beverly Hills.”,今天，你可以买到社会地位，而且一应排场俱全，投资银行家兼社会评论员费利克斯说；如今社会地位就意味着大量的曝光和一定程度的明星作派。我们全社会都变成了贝弗里山庄。,1.3.4 Antonomasia.( use a proper noun with religion or literature background as a symbol) Metonymy: 1. Uncle SamU.S.A 2. Fleet Streetthe British Press 3.HollywoodAmerican film-makin

21、g industry 4. the pentagonUS Defense Department 5. IvanRussian people,Antonomasia: 换称 1. Solomona wise man 2. Judasa traitor 3. Daniela wise and fair judge 4. Don Juana playboy 5. Uncle Toma Negro who compromises and conforms with the whites,1 所罗门 圣经 2. 犹大 3. 丹尼尔 圣经 4. 唐璜 5. 汤姆大叔,6. If we try to imp

22、lement these harebrained ideas (that English should be replaced by Hindi and the 15 recognized state languages), India will become a Tower of Babel 如果我们试着去实施这个愚蠢的主意（即用北印度语和其他15种官方承认语言来代替英语），印度就会陷入一片混乱。,1.3.5 others 1.Transferred Epithet: Lazy clouds drifted across the sky. He insisted that our assum

23、ptions were all wet. 2.Bifocal visions (paradox): John Mike: The Champ You Love to Hate 约翰.麦克：一个让你爱得发狂的冠军,American civilization is characterized by conservative liberalism of our political life, the pragmatic idealism of our cerebral life, the emotional rationalism of or spiritual life and the godly

24、 materialism of our acquisitive life. 美国文明的特点就是我们政治生活中保守的自由主义；知识生活中实用的理想主义；精神生活中感性的理性主义；和世俗/实际生活中敬神的物质主义。,3. Pun: King: my cousin Hamlet, and my son; how is it that the clouds still hang on you? Hamlet: Not so, my lord, I am too much in the sun. 哈姆雷特，我的侄儿，我的儿子，你为什么还是愁云满面。 没有啊，我的陛下，太阳已经驱散了乌云。,I final

25、ly figured out how government works. The Senate gets the bill from the House. The president gets the bill from the Senate. And we get the bill for everything. 我最后总算搞清楚政府是怎么运作的了。众议院把提案提交给参议院；参议院把提案提交给总统；而我们老百姓则为这一切买单。,2. The appreciation and comments on good translation 1. Able was I ere I saw Elba.

26、(palindrome) 不到厄岛我不倒。/落败孤岛孤败落。 2.Your reckon your Dodge would help you to all these dodges again? 你以为你驾着你的道奇车就能躲开/跑掉了吗？ 3.The ballot is stronger than the bullet. 选票比枪炮更有力,4.If we dont hang together, we shall most assuredly hang separately. 如果我们不齐心协力，我们就会被各个击破。 我们必须共同上战场，否则就得分别上刑场 5. I am never at a

27、loss for a word; Pitt is never at a loss for the word. 我虽从不语塞，皮特却是字字珠玑。,Chapter 11 Translation of Sentence,1.The basic sentence structure of two languages 1. SV: Life begins. / He arrived. 2. SVP: Life is a journey. / Life is imperishable. 3.SVO: Life renders hope. 4. SV+ IO + DO: Life renders us ho

28、pe. 5. SVOC: Hugo calls life a crystal mirror.,l The same basic structure determines that in sentence translation, “literal translation is the main technique”. (直译是基础) Confucius was born in 550 B.C. He led a quiet, dignified and uneventful life at a time when China was without a strong central gover

29、nment and the Chinese people were at the mercy of bandits and robber-barons who went from city to city, pillaging and stealing and murdering and turning the busy plains of northern and central China into a wilderness of starving. (-by Van Loon 房龙),孔子出生于公元前550年，他过着一种宁静，高贵而与世无争的生活。那时候的中国缺乏一个强有力的中央政府，普

30、通百姓在强盗和诸侯列强的控制下，生活非常困苦。这些豪强从一个城市到另一个城市烧杀抢掠，把繁华的中国中原地区变成了饿殍满地的荒野。,2. Contrastive studies of modifiers in two languages 2.1 Summery l The position of modifiers is flexible in English sentences, and they could be put before or after the central word while in more cases they are after it, which causes E

31、nglish sentences extended and long. l The position of modifiers is comparatively fixed in Chinese sentences, and they are put before the central word in most cases, which causes Chinese sentences contracted and short.,2.2 The position of one modifier a beautiful girl a luxurious wedding time immemor

32、ial every means possible something extraordinary 2.3 The position of more than one modifier 1. modifiers before the central word 2. modifiers after it,1. a young man of good fortune from the North of England 2.a boy sleeping on his arm 3. the girl whom I met in the street yesterday 4. a wind road di

33、sappeared in the far horizon 5. country differing absolutely from that which he had past through.,GONE WITH THE WIND Scarlett OHara was not beautiful, but men seldom realized it when caught by her charm as the Tarleton twins were. In her face were too sharply blended the delicate features of her mot

34、her, a Coast aristocrat of French descent, and the heavy ones of her florid Irish father. But it was an arresting face, pointed of chin, square of jaw. Her eyes were pale green without a touch of hazel, starred with bristly black lashes and slightly tilted at the ends. Above them, her thick black br

35、ows lanted upward, cutting a startling oblique line in her magnolia-white skin-that skin so prized by Southern women and so carefully guarded with bonnets, veils and mittens against hot Georgia suns.,1 傅东华,1940 译本 那郝思嘉小姐长得并不美，可是极富魅力，男人见了她，往往要着迷，就像汤家那一对双胞胎兄弟似的。原来这位小姐脸上显得混杂着两种特质：一种是母亲给她的娇柔，一种是父亲给她的豪爽。

36、因为她母亲是个法兰西血统的海滨贵族，父亲是个皮色深浓的爱尔兰人，所以遗传给她的气质难免不调和。可是质地虽然不调和，她那一张脸蛋儿确实在迷人得很，下巴额尔尖尖的，牙床骨儿方方的。她的眼珠子是一味的淡绿色，不杂一丝儿茶褐，周围竖着两撇墨墨的蛾眉，在她那木兰花一般白的皮肤上，划出两条异常惹眼的斜线。就是她那一身皮肤，也正是南方女人最喜爱的，谁要长着这样的皮肤，就要拿帽子，面罩，手套之类当心保护着，舍不得让那太热的阳光晒黑。,2 戴侃 vulgar interests,一：英语句子结构的基本特点 二：英汉句子结构的不同 三：英语长句的翻译方法 1. . Im not the first man who

37、 has made mistakes. 我不是第一个犯错误的人。 犯错误的人多了，我又不是第一个。 2. Yet he failed somehow, in spite of a mediocrity (n.平常, 平庸之才) which ought to have insured any man a success. 像他那样的平庸之才本来早就应该获得成功才对，可不知道为什么他却总是不得意。,3. As a righteous intellectual, Im ashamed of the outrageous policy of intimidation(胁迫) employed by t

38、he die-hard conservatives who control the government to try to strangles (v.扼死 )social reform and to prevent the people from carrying forward their praiseworthy efforts toward building an ideal society. 顽固的保守派控制了政府，企图扼杀社会改革，并且想要阻止人们为了建立一个理想社会所付出的值得赞许的努力，作为一个有正义感的知识分子，我为他们这种可耻的胁迫政策感到羞愧。,顺拆法 4. His de

39、legation agreed with the Executive Director that the fund should continue working for a better understanding of the interrelationship between economic, social and demographic factors. 代表团和行政总监/主任达成共识，一致认为基金会应当继续努力，以便更好地理解经济，社会和人口之间的关系。,倒拆法/倒置法 5. A great number of graduate students were driven into

40、the intellectual slum when in the United States the intellectual poor became the classic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of the Beat Generation, a real phenomenon in the late fifties. 在美国，50年代后期有一个非常引人注目的现象，那就是知识分子穷人以垮掉的一代这种颇为浪漫的姿态出现，成为典型的穷人，同时一大批大学毕业生也被赶进了知识分子的贫民窟。,6.I think that it

41、will be of interest to every one of us hereafter, whether we keep a diary or not, to note down upon a sheet of paper the actual circumstance which made him or her realize that this terrific episode had begun, and to record the exact time and hour when he or she experienced that circumstance.,6不论我们是否

42、有记日记的习惯，当我们意识到一段重大的历史事件已经拉开帷幕的时候，如果我们拿出一张纸来，记下事件发生的确切时间，和我们所经历的详细情形，我想，在今后看来不是非常有趣吗。,7. To him there is something divine in the sympathetic indulgence she substitutes for the angry disgust with which one of his own country women resent his supposed condition. 对他所设想的这种情形，他本国的妇女肯定会既生气又厌恶，而她却代之以同情的纵容，从

43、中他看到一点神圣的东西。,8. Surely it were a foolish attempt to pretend “explaining, ” in this place, or in any place, such a phenomenon as that far-distant distracted cloudy imbroglio of Paganism. 很明显，想要在这儿，或是在其它任何地方解释清楚，偶像崇拜这样一个年代久远，毫无中心，而又模糊不清的现象是非常愚蠢的。,半倒拆法 9. This is no class war, but a war in which the wh

44、ole British Empire and Commonwealth of Nation is engaged, without distinction of race, creed, or party. 这不是一场阶级战争，而是一场不分种族，不分信仰，不分党派，整个大英帝国及其联邦全部参加的战争。 10. I put on my clothes by the light of a half-moon just setting, where rays streamed through the narrow window near my crib.(小床) 半轮晓月渐渐西沉，月光从我小床旁边窄

45、窄的窗户倾泻进来，借着月光，我穿上了衣服。,11. The heaviest load on his mind, after his conversation with the trader, lay in the foreseen necessity of breaking to his wife the arrangement contemplated. 当他和商人交谈后，他好像不得不把他深思熟虑的计划透露给他妻子，这让觉得心情非常沉重。,抽词法/拆离 12. It is well said, in every sense, that a mans religion is the chie

46、f fact with regard to him. 俗话说得好，看一个人主要要看他的宗教信仰，这句话对极了。 13. All the way along the line, from the border right up to Peking, as far as the eye could see, the countryside was literally covered up with a green carpet of growing crops, holding a promise of bumper harvests. 从边境到北京，一路北上，放眼望去，田野里到处都是绿油油的庄稼

47、，就像是披上了一层绿色的地毯，预示着大丰收。,14. The stories with their unexpected endings are built around interesting situations, rather than around analysis of character. 这些故事围绕着有趣的情节，而不是对人物的分析展开，故而结局出人意料。/之所以 15. An outsiders success could even curiously help the two parties to get the agreement they want. 奇怪的是，一个局外人

48、的成功居然帮助双方达成了他们想要的协议。,16. At the opening banquet, Nixon seemed to have paraphrased his hosts position by saying:“There are of course some who believe that the mere act of saying a statement of principles or a diplomatic conference will bring lasted peace. This is naive” 16. 在欢迎宴会上，尼克松说道：有些人以为，仅仅陈述一些原

49、则或是开一两场外交会议就能带来持久的和平，这是非常天真的。这一番话似乎是为了阐述东道主的立场。,切断或分切 17. Now out of that bright white snow ball of Christmas gone comes the stocking, the stocking of stockings, that hung at the foot the bed with the arm of a golliwog dangling over the top and small bells/ringing in the toes. 就在那渐渐消融的晶莹洁白的圣诞节雪球中，迎来

50、了那只圣诞老人给孩子们装礼物的长筒袜。啊，那只最漂亮，最漂亮的袜子，就挂在我的床头，袜筒里装着的小木偶还露出一只胳膊在外边荡来荡去，袜尖的小铃铛在叮当作响。,插入 18. The snow falls on every wood and field, and no crevice is forgotten; by the river and the pond, on the hill and in the valley. 雪，四处飘落着。雪花撒在树上，撒在田野里；撒在河边，湖畔，山上和谷底没有一条岩缝墙隙里不飘满雪花,19. In 1582 Richard Mulcaster, one of

51、the earliest English grammarians who paid attention to this problem, wrote the English tongue is of small reach, stretching no further than this island of ours (England), nay, not there over all. 1582年，理查德.迈尔卡斯特最早注意到这个问题的英语语法学家之一写道：英语的流行范围很小，充其量只在我们这个英格兰岛甚至没有遍及全岛。,重组 20. What the New Yorker would find mis