综合教程6Unit-05讲稿...ppt

1、Unit 7 A Few Kind Words for Superstition,By Robertson Davies,The Author Robertson William Davies,1913-1995，Canada writer, journalist, professor acknowledged as an outstanding essayist a cultural rebirth from the 14th through the middle of the 17th centuries the revival of learning and culture; rebir

2、th,figure,figure: be or play an important part of or in 是重要部分 The question of the peace settlement is likely to figure prominently in the talks. 和平解决的问题很可能是这次谈判的重点。 我对这个问题的意见似乎根本无足轻重。 My feeling about the matter didnt figure at all.,superstition does not figure largely as a serious challenge to reas

3、on or science. superstition is not a great threat to reason and science,Paraphrase,In grave discussion of “the renaissance of the irrational” in our time, superstition does not figure largely as a serious challenge to reason or science. In serious discussions of the revival of the irrational things

4、in our time, people dont think that superstition is a great threat to reason or science.,parapsychology: phenomena that appear to contradict physical laws and suggest the possibility of causation by mental processes 诡异心理学,通灵学 transcendental meditation: Note 3 instant enlightenment: Note 4 condemn: t

5、o express strong disapproval of deplore: to express strong disapproval of; regret strongly,Sentence 2,Is it because it has an unacknowledged hold on so many of us? Is it because it has an unrecognized control on many of us?,Language work irrational,adj. not consistent with or using reason Their acti

6、ons may be qualified as irrational. 他们的行动可视为无理性的。 He had an irrational belief that everybody was his enemy. 他有个荒谬的信念,以为人人都是他的仇敌。,condemn,express strong disapproval of Some praise him, whereas others condemn him. 有些人赞扬他,而有些人谴责他。 His anger, condemn and jealousy will be erupted like volcano. 他积压的愤怒、妒忌和

7、谴责会象火山爆发。 在指责中成长的孩子，容易怨天尤人。 If children live with criticism, they learn to condemn.,deplore,express strong disapproval of; regret strongly And we deplore the violence against innocent civilians anywhere that it takes place. 我们强烈反对发生在世界任何地方的针对无辜平民的暴力。 你自己的哪个特点让你觉得最痛恨？ What is the trait you most deplo

8、re in yourself?,Paragraph 2,Question: What is the common assumption about people who believe in superstition? What is the authors comment on this kind of assumption? It is commonly believed that people who believe in superstition are ignorant and nave. Superstition flourish among learned people in h

9、is university.,Sentence,and I see superstition in its four manifestations, alive and flourishing among people who are indisputably rational and learned. I see four ways in which superstition shows itself, very actively, among those people who are undoubtedly reasonable and well-educated.,Language wo

10、rk superstitious,showing ignorance of the laws of nature and faith in magic or chance Gamblers and adventurers are generally superstitious. 赌徒和冒险家往往很迷信。 Im not usually superstitious,but yesterday was a VERY unlucky day. 我通常并不迷信，但昨天实在运气太不好了。 迷信的人认为那是一种恶兆。 The superstitious regard it as a bad omen.,na

11、vet,(n.)lack of sophistication or worldliness I like the naivete of children and living simply. 我喜欢小孩子的纯真和平淡从容的生活. He finds the naivete of the young officer very engaging. 他觉得这位青年军官那种天真烂漫的忠心耿耿非常可爱。 naive (adj.) I remember in 1997, when I was a naive child. 记得1997年，那时我还是一个不懂事的孩。,manifestation,a clear

12、 appearance Language is both the carrier and main manifestation of culture. 语言是文化的载体,是文化的主要表现形式 The special type of appendicitisK,pndsats has the special clinical manifestation. 特殊类型阑尾炎有特殊的临床表现。 这些难道不是上帝的力量的表现么？ Are these not the manifestation of Gods power?,flourishing,having or showing vigorous ve

13、getal or animal life He came to Shanghai, the flourishing metropolis, to search for a developing opportunity. 他来到上海，这个繁华的大都市，来寻找发展的机会。 这里的服装业非常兴盛。 The clothing industry here is flourishing.,indisputably,undoubtedly, not open to question; obviously true The choices are indisputably difficult, and Mr.

14、Obama may be trying to keep his options open. 奥巴马面临着艰难的抉择，也许他是希望他的选择可以更公开。 This painting is indisputably one of his finest works. 这幅画无疑是他最好的作品之一。,Paragraph 3,Question: What does the author imply when he says “he didnt smile until I asked him what he was doing”? The learned professor truly believed i

15、n what he was doing and performed the whole thing seriously.,theologian: n.someone who is learned in theology or who speculates about theology神学者 theology: the rational and systematic study of religion and its influences and of the nature of religious truth Vain Observances: Note 5,observance,the ac

16、t of observing 墨守成规 pedantic pdntk observance of the rules The worker was praised for his observance of the rules. 这个工人因为严格遵守规则而受到了表扬。,Paragraph 4,divination/ consulting oracles Question: What does the last but two sentence “Almost, but not quite” mean? It is a response to the preceding statement “

17、their general level of education seems to absolve them of superstition. ” The author suggests that the education they have received may not be able to help them to get rid of superstition.,absolve,to state formally that sb is not guilty/responsible for sth 宣告无罪，免除责任 This cannot absolve you from all

18、responsibilities. 这并不能解除你的全部责任. He cannot entirely absolve himself of the charge. 他不能完全开脱掉这一指责。,appeal to,appeal to sb against sth上诉，申诉 to attract/ interest sb 有吸引力；有感染力 appeal to sb for sth 呼吁，请求，恳求 appeal to sth 启发，劝说 egs. They needed to appeal to his sense of justice. 他们需要激发他的正义感。 The design has

19、to appeal to all ages and social groups. appeal to a higher court appeal to the public appeal to God,Sentence,There are thousands of people on this planet who appeal to I ching, and their general level of education seems to absolve them of superstition. There are thousands of people in this world wh

20、o are fascinated by the I ching, and their level of education seems high enough to free them from superstition.,I Ching,The I Ching (Wade-Giles) or “Y Jng”, also known as the Book of Changes, Classic of Changes, and Zhouyi, is one of the oldest of the Chinese classic texts. The book contains a divin

21、ation system . In Western cultures and modern East Asia, it is still widely used for this purpose. P116 Note 6,Language Workdivination,the act of finding out and saying what will happen in the future by supernatural means占卜，预言 A Crystal Balls is an oracle of divination. 水晶球是预言式的神谕. 占卜是一种预见未来的魔法。 Div

22、ination is magic which attempts to forsee future events.,Paragraph 5,Idolatrythe practice of worshipping idols. It sometimes mean too much admiration for someone or sth. Here it refers to the students unreasonable belief in the “bringers of luck”. “Modest idolatry” is an oxymoron ,ksimr,n.矛盾修辞法. The

23、 adjective “modest” tones down the seriousness of the matter. Modest: not large but sufficient in size/amount; moderate a modest salary/modest inflation,oxymoron,An oxymoron is a figure of speech that combines contradictory terms. Forward retreat Deafening silence Silent Scream Sweet sorrow,Paragrap

24、h 6,The fourth form is Improper Worship of the True God. he was pricing God cheap offering God two dollars for help was too little the scientific oracle went against him God did not help him.,Paragraph 7Sentence 1,Superstition seems to run, a submerged river of crude religion, below the surface of h

25、uman consciousness. superstition is an invisible force (a submerged river) that is in some way like religion.,Sentence 2,Most people keep their terror within bounds, but they cannot root it out, nor do they seem to want to do so. Most people can control their terror, but they can not get rid of it,

26、and they seem dont want to do so.,Question: Why does the author mention the Latin word “supersisto”? The Latin word means standing in terror of the Deity. The author believes that superstition finds its way in the human heart, because people cannot root out terror although they can manage to keep it

27、 within bounds.,Paragraph 8 Sentence 1,The more the teaching of formal religion declines, or takes a sociological form, the less God appears to great numbers of people as a God of Love, resuming his older form of a watchful, minatory power, to be placated and cajoled.,placate,to make sb feel less an

28、gry about sth 安抚；平息（怒气） He never attempts to placate his enemies. 他从不企图安抚敌人。 你最好安抚你家人的怒气。 You had better placate your parents. placation, placatory,cajole kdol vt.,cajole sb into sth/doing sth to make sb do sth by talking to them and being very nice to them 劝诱,哄骗 He cajoled me into agreeing to do th

29、at work. 他诱骗我同意干那活儿。 这小姑娘哄得她爸爸给她买了一件新衣服。 The little girl cajoled her father into buying her a new dress.,“The more, the less” The sentence implies that religion is not as powerful as it used to be. By contrast, the subsequent sentence indicates that superstition prevails and persists in all kinds of

30、 people, ranging from ignorant young children to learned professors.,unbidden,not invited/ requested The unbidden guest have nowhere to sit. 不速之客无处可坐。 The word floated back to him, unbidden. 这个词语不由自主地回现在他的脑中。 It was as if I had come unbidden into their personal gardens. 好像我成了他们私人花园的不速之客。,compulsion,

31、strong pressure that make sb do sth he does not want to do 强迫，强制 a strong desire to do sth, esp. sth wrong, silly/dangerous 强烈的欲望；冲动 egs. There are no s on students to attend class. Gambling is a compulsion with him. John will take his medicine only by compulsion. Trans: 没有人强迫你立刻付钱。 U R under no to

32、pay immediately. 他感到一阵想要飞车的强烈欲望。 He felt a great compulsion to drive too fast.,compulsive : eating/gambling/drinker/liar compulsory: course verb. compel or compulse?,The psychoanalysts have their explanation, but calling a superstition a compulsion neurosis does not banish it. Psychoanalysts may say

33、 that a superstition is a compulsion neurosis, but this does not solve the problem, because it can not root it out.,Question: What dose the author imply by this sentence? The author suggests that scientists might be able to provide reasonable explanations for superstition, but they can not root it o

34、ut.,Samuel Johnson,Samuel Johnson (18 September 1709 13 December 1784), often referred to as Dr Johnson, was an English author who made lasting contributions to English literature as a poet, essayist, moralist, literary critic, biographer, editor and lexicographer. Johnsons Dictionary of the English

35、 Language published in 1755 had a far-reaching effect on Modern English and has been described as “one of the greatest single achievements of scholarship.” The Dictionary brought Johnson popularity and success. He has been described as “arguably the most distinguished man of letters in English histo

36、ry”.,Paragraph 9 precede in time. That event antedated World War . 那事件发生在第二次世界大战之前。 ante- prefix: before, in front of ante-room前厅, antenatal产前的 pre- post- anti-,come by,visit informally and spontaneously； obtain, especially accidentally How did you come by this picture? 你是怎麽得到这张照片的？ Come by any time

37、. Well talk about it. 你随时都可来。我们一起讨论一下。 Warm professionals were not easy to come by .热心的内行是不容易碰上的。,Paragraph 10,The popularity of astrology But when has astrology not been popular? When has the heart of man given a damn for science?,proliferate,grow rapidly or cause to grow/increase rapidly Rabbits p

38、roliferate when they have plenty of food. 兔子有充足的食物就会繁衍得很快。 Fantasies proliferate where facts are few. 事实缺乏则幻想增多。 对核武器扩散有恐慌 There is a fear that nuclear weapons might proliferate.,astrology,n.a pseudoscience claiming divination by the positions of the planets, the sun and the moon See Note 10,discred

39、it,cause to be distrusted or disbelieved; damage the reputation of They no longer try to discredit the technology itself. 他们不再试图怀疑这种技术本身。 Such behavior will discredit you with your colleagues. 这样的行为将会让你在同事们中名誉扫地。,Paragraph 11- paraphrase,Superstition in general is linked to mans yearning to know his

40、 fate, and to have some hand in deciding it. Generally speaking, superstition is connected to mans desire to know his fate, and to find some way to control it.,yearning,a strong and emotional desire 渴望、向往 egs. yearning for a quite life They had a deep yearning for their homeland. 他们渴望回到故乡。 He felt a

41、 great yearning after his old job. 他对过去的工作有一种强烈的怀念。 他两眼流露出渴望的神情。 There was a yearning look in his eyes.,yearn: (v.) to want sth very much, esp. when it is difficult to get 渴望，渴求 yearn for sth/sb yearn to do sth egs. She yearned to escape from her office work. 她一心想着躲避办公室里的工作。 Trans: 人民渴望和平。 The peopl

42、e yearned for peace.,Paragraph 12,I am not one to stand aloof from the rest of humanity in this matter. stand aloof from: to not become involved in sth; to show no interest in people 远离，不参与 (syn) keep/hold (yourself) aloof; remain aloof As far as superstition is concerned, I am not different from ot

43、hers.,aloof,adj. aloof from sb/sth: not friendly/interested in other people冷漠 He was a cold man, aloof and distant. 他是个冷漠的人，令人难以接近。 The principal kept himself aloof from the arguments between the teachers. 校长置身事外，不想卷入老师间的纷争。,Now, I am humbler. Now I am no longer so proud. Now I am not sure it was a

44、joke. The author means that when he was a university student he was not superstitious. In fact he thought what he did with the gypsy woman was simply a joke. But now he was not so sure about it.,Writing Strategies,examples rhetorical questions egs. Is it because it has an unacknowledged hold on so m

45、any of us? Find out more sentences and figure out the meaning.,Language Work,1. has an unrecognized control over 2. unquestionably 3. things that are supposed to contain some power to bring good luck 4. offering God too little money 5. get rid of it completely 6. comes into being 7. do away with it

46、8. have some control in 9. keep a distance from,II,1. gravity 2. placatory 3. deplorable 4. manifestation 5. observances,6. absolved 7. submersion 8. divined 9. proliferation 10. neurotic,III,1.root out 2. has a hold on 3. within the bounds 4. made a appearance 5. the depth of 6. hastened to 7. come by,8. give a damn 9. stood aloof 10. yearning for,IV,1. do unreasonable things 2. harmed the reputation of 3. sincerely 4. try to persuade 5. god and goddess 6.rebirth,7. been