幻灯片注释Lect08.ppt

1、Software Project Management,Lecture 8 Software Project Performance Tracking and Monitoring,Software Project Management,2,Overview,Importance of tracking and monitoring Creating a management framework Tracking the performance Monitoring the progress and resource Getting project on the right track,Sof

2、tware Project Management,3,Importance of tracking and monitoring,Make sure the project Can be delivered on time and within budget Is of good quality Meets clients needs,Software Project Management,4,What can go wrong in product?,Inadequate functionality of a product Related to SRS Poor quality of a

3、product Related to quality management Late delivery of the product Overly exceeding the budget,Software Project Management,5,Planning, Tracking and Monitoring,Planning Know where we want to go Tracking Know where we are Monitoring How to go from where we are to where we want to go,Software Project M

4、anagement,6,Tracking,Finding out what is happening Need a plan and schedule To collect data,Software Project Management,7,Monitoring,Comparing the current status with the targets Need a plan, a schedule, collected data To exercise control over the project To ensure the targets are met To devise作出 co

5、ntingency附带 plans,Software Project Management,8,A suggested framework,Publish initial plan,Monitor the progress,Review the project,No,Yes,Software Project Management,9,A suggestion framework (contd),Monitor the progress,gather project info.,compare progress vs targets,No,Yes,Take remedial补救的 action,

6、Publish revised plan,Software Project Management,10,Tracking the performance,Setting check points Collecting data,Software Project Management,11,Check Point,Based on regular time intervals Can be weekly or monthly or quarterly Depend on what to check and how to Based on a particular event At the end

7、 of each activity In the middle of a critical activity,Software Project Management,12,Check Point (contd),Should be set before the plan was published Make sure everyone knows when and what the check points are,Software Project Management,13,Collecting data,Partial completion report Risk report,Softw

8、are Project Management,14,Partial completion report,Indicate the work done by the personnel and the time spent on the work Optional items likelihood of failing to complete the task by the scheduled date Estimated time of completion,Software Project Management,15,Partial completion report Example,Sof

9、tware Project Management,16,Risk reporting,Indicate the likelihood of meeting the scheduled target date Instead of asking the estimated completion date Use the traffic-light method,Software Project Management,17,The traffic-light method,For assessing a product Identify the key (first-level) elements

10、 Break them into smaller components Assess each component by Green as on target Amber琥珀(黄)色 as not on target but recoverable Red as not on target and recoverable only with difficulty,Software Project Management,18,The traffic-light method (Contd),Assess the key-level element based on the assessments

11、 of their components Assess the overall product based on all the assessments (key elements and their components),Software Project Management,19,The traffic-light method Example,Software Project Management,20,Monitoring the progress,Need to monitor time Need to monitor cost,Software Project Managemen

12、t,21,Monitoring the time,Tools for visualizing the progress Presenting the collected data in a way that is easy to understand Help to easily identify the problem activities or areas that need to be taken care of,Software Project Management,22,Visualizing Techniques,The Gantt chart A static picture s

13、howing the current progress of the project The Timeline A dynamic picture showing the progress of the project and how the project has changed through time,Software Project Management,23,The Gantt Chart,An activity bar chart showing the activities, their scheduled dates and duration the reported prog

14、ress of the activities; today cursor,Software Project Management,24,The Gantt Chart (contd),Software Project Management,25,The Slip Chart,Add a slip line on the Gantt chart The slip line indicates those activities that are either ahead or behind the schedule Too much bending indicates a need for res

15、cheduling of the overall plan,Software Project Management,26,The Slip Chart (contd),Today,Software Project Management,27,The Timeline,A plot of the elapsed time against the planned time of the activities indicating the actual progress of the activities; and the rescheduled activities by the end of e

16、ach week show where and when the targets have changed through the life of a project,Software Project Management,28,The Timeline (contd),Software Project Management,29,The Timeline (contd),Can show the slippage滑移 of the activities through the life of the project The Gantt chart cannot Help to analyze

17、 and understand the trends and reason for changes to avoid slippage in future projects,Software Project Management,30,Monitoring the Cost,Earned Value Analysis A cost monitoring technique recommended by DoD国防部 of US and Australia,Software Project Management,31,Earned Value Analysis,Produce a baselin

18、e budget from the project plan Calculate the earned value of each activity Earned value = time for an activity / total time for the project E.g. earned value = number of days for an activity / number of days for the project,Software Project Management,32,Earned Value Analysis (contd),Monitor the ear

19、ned value Once an activity is completed, its elapsed time is recorded and its earned value (EV) is accumulated积聚 to the cumulative累积的 EV,Software Project Management,33,Earned Value Analysis (contd),Software Project Management,34,Earned Value Analysis (contd),Software Project Management,35,Earned Val

20、ue Analysis (contd),Software Project Management,36,Earned Value Analysis (contd),Budget variance预算差异 = Actual cost to date - Baseline budget Indicates how actual cost differs from the planned cost,Software Project Management,37,Earned Value Analysis (contd),Schedule variance = Earned Value Baseline

21、budget Indicates how the actual schedule differs from the planned schedule Schedule performance index = Earned Value / Baseline budget SPI 1 means “better than planned” SPI 1 means “slower than planned”,Software Project Management,38,Earned Value Analysis (contd),Cost variance = Earned Value Actual

22、cost to date Indicates how the planned cost differs from actual cost Cost Performance index, CPI = Earned Value / Actual cost to date CPI 1 means “better than planned” CPI 1 means “slower than planned”,Software Project Management,39,Prioritizing Monitoring,Priority list of activity to monitor Critic

23、al activities Non-critical activities with no free float Non-critical activities with less than a specified float High risk activities Activities with critical resources,Software Project Management,40,Bringing the Project Back to Target,You are now behind the schedule Possible actions: Reschedule the target date Resched