week 4.ppt

1、Intercultural Communication,September 24,2008 Week 4 Language and culture,1,2,释迦牟尼、阿弥陀、世尊、如来（无所从来，亦无所去，故名如来。）、佛、觉悟的人 菩萨菩提萨埵。菩提的意思就是觉悟，萨埵是有情。 大千世界 隔靴搔痒、拖泥带水 五灯会元卷八契隐法宝大师 沧浪诗话诗法：“意贵透彻，不可隔靴搔痒；语贵脱洒，不可拖泥带水。” attempt an ineffective solution; sloppy,3,一刹那（ksana）、一念、一瞬间弹指一挥间,俱舍论卷十二曰：“极微字刹那，如壮士一疾弹指顷，六十五刹那，如是

2、名为一刹那量。”或“六十刹那为一念”，如往生论注卷上。摩诃僧律卷七：“二十念名为一瞬顷。二十瞬名为一弹指。” 大智度论卷三十：“一弹指顷有三十念。”,4,当头棒喝,“上堂，僧问：如何是佛法大意？师亦竖拂子，僧便喝，师亦喝。僧拟议，师便打。” 宋释普济五灯会元黄檗运禅师法嗣临济义玄禅师 佛教禅宗和尚接待初学的人常常用棒一击或大喝一声，促他醒悟。比喻严厉警告，促使人猛醒过来。 a sharp warning,Religion,Animism,Nature worship,Monotheism,Magic,soul,Polytheism,submissive,controlling,cooperat

3、ive,Marxism-anti-religion,5,6,Christianism,Roman Catholicism Protestant churches Eastern Orthodoxy Atonement Peterson, R. Dean. The Concise History of Christianity. Beijing: Peking University Press, 2002.,7,Christianity,The Seven Deadly Sins Sloth Pride Anger Gluttony Lust Greed Envy,8,天主教 Roman Cat

4、holicism,Ritual Missa/Mass reading, meditation, sharing Mary, the mother of Jesus The Bible, 73 Vols, Old Testament 46, New Testament 27,9,新教 Protestant churches,Explanation of the Bible, sing hymn The Bible, 66 Vols, Old Testament 39, New Testament 27 Delete 7 volumes written in Greek,10,东正教 Easter

5、n Orthodoxy,Ritual Dont emphasize on sins No purgatory (炼狱),Language is defined ,A set of symbols that expresses ideas and allows people to think and communicate with each other. Can be verbal or nonverbal.,11,Ideograph,12,13,Something you may laugh at,“You look great!” “Thanks, I wear well.” “The c

6、olor of your dress is beautiful.” “Its the color of my party.”,14,Something you may laugh at,“您解释得很清楚，就像小葱拌豆腐一清二白！” ? “哦？你们那儿也有豆腐？是南豆腐还是北豆腐？” ?*,15,Language and Culture,Language cannot be separated completely from the culture in which it is deeply embedded.,16,Language and Culture,Language is part o

7、f culture. Language is influenced and shaped by culture, as well as it reflects culture. Language is an important way to transmit culture. Through language children learn about their cultural identity.,17,Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis,Edward Sapir (1884-1936) American linguist and Anthropologist First brou

8、ght attention to the relationship between language, thought, and culture,Benjamin Lee Whorf (1897-1941) Sapirs pupil Advocate of Sapirs ideas and continued to work on them,18,Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis,Language, culture and ways of perceiving the world are very closely related. Linguistic Determinism -

9、the language a person speaks determines the way s/he perceives the world. Strong form Language determines thought Weak form Language affects thought,19,Words and culture,camel (In Arabic: more than 400 words) snow (In Eskimo: more than 30 terms) carry (扛、挑、抬、担、背、提、驮、挎),20,海上生明月 天涯共此时,21,太阴,太阳,22,The

10、 Sun & the Moon日月争辉,天子春分祭日， 秋分祭月。 周礼春官,23,婵娟 望舒 纤维 金波 玉弓 桂殿 团扇 玉桂 银台 五羊 夜光 清光 太清 蟾 蟾蜍 玉蟾 霜蟾 素蟾 冰蟾 银蟾 瑶蟾 蟾宫 皓蟾 金魄 圆蟾 金蟾 蟾魄 素魄 圆魄 冰魄 桂魄 瑶魄 玉盘 金盘 银盘 圆盘 广寒 霜盘金镜 玉镜 圆镜 寒镜 秦镜 瑶镜 金轮 银轮 玉轮 圆轮 冰轮 霜轮 孤轮 斜轮 玉兔 玉钩 银钩 垂钩 悬钩 金兔 白兔 圆兔 蛾眉 悬弓 妲蛾 素娥 丹桂太阴 广寒宫 水晶盘 白玉盘,24,蟾蜍 (Toad),月照天下， 食于詹诸。 淮南子,25,26,满江红中秋寄远 辛弃疾 谁做冰壶浮世界， 最怜玉斧修时节。 问嫦娥、 孤冷有愁无， 应华发。,李贺 梦天 玉轮轧露湿团光， 鸾佩相逢桂香陌。,27,张若虚 春江花月夜,江天一色无纤尘， 皎皎空中孤月轮。江畔何人初见月？ 江月何年初照人？,28,29,昨夜闲潭梦落花， 可怜春半不还家。 江水流春去欲尽， 江潭落月复西斜。 斜月沉沉藏海雾， 碣石潇湘无限路。 不知乘月几人归， 落月摇情满江树。,张九龄 望月怀远,海上生明月， 天涯共此时。 情人怨