Unit_1-living a full life.ppt

1、1,Unit 1,Living A Full Life,Comprehension question: What is happiness? Happiness is a state of mind or feeling characterized by contentment, love, satisfaction, pleasure, or joy. A variety of biological, psychological, religious, and philosophical approaches have striven to define happiness and iden

2、tify its sources.,Reading FocusCritical Thinking,Discuss in groups the following questions. 1. Have you had the experience of going through a very difficult situation and coming out as a better person? Or do you know someone who has experienced this? 2. Unlike those who are so unfortunate to have be

3、en struck by diseases or who have been forced to go through extreme difficulties in life, some people choose to voluntarily take adventures or challenges, like extreme sports, to push themselves to limits. Why do these people do so and what can they obtain from these experiences?,Reading FocusCritic

4、al Thinking,Background Information- movie synopsis,This movie was inspired by a true story. Chris Gardner (Will Smith) is a family man struggling to make ends meet. Despite his valiant attempts to help keep the family afloat, the mother (Thandie Newton) of his five-year-old son Christopher (Jaden Ch

5、ristopher Syre Smith) is buckling under the constant strain of financial pressure. No longer able to cope, she reluctantly decides to leave. Chris, now a single father, continues doggedly to pursue a better-paying job using every sales skill he knows. He lands an internship at a prestigious stock br

6、okerage firm, and although there is no salary, he accepts, hopeful ly he will end the program with a job and a promising future. Without a financial cushion, Chris and his son are soon evicted from their apartment and forced to sleep in shelters, bus stations, bathrooms, or wherever they can find re

7、fuge for the night. Despite his troubles, Chris continues to honor his commitment as a loving and caring father, using the affection and trust his son has placed in him as an impetus to overcome the obstacles he faces.,The Hidden Side of Happiness,Reading Focus,Reading Focus Global Understanding,(Pa

8、ras. 1-3),(Paras. 4-17),(Para. 18),The Hidden Side of Happiness,Kathleen McGowan 1. Hurricanes, house fires, cancer whitewater rafting（激流漂筏失事） accidents, plane crashes, vicious attacks in dark alleyways（小巷）. Nobody asks for any of it. But to their surprise, many people find that enduring such a harr

9、owing ordeal（痛苦的磨难） ultimately changes them for the better. Their refrain might go something like this : “I wish it hadnt happened, but Im a better person for it.”,Whitewater rafting,whitewater rafting激流漂流: An recreational activity using an inflatable (可充气的） raft to navigate a river or other bodies

10、of water.,hurricane: 飓风 e.g. In America, Hurricane Katrina turned New Orleans from a stable, wealthy and vibrant city into a wasteland in a few days. typhoon 台风 monsoon 季风 与季风相伴的雨季 trade wind 信风,Reading Focus Language Point,vicious: violent and cruel in a way that hurts someone physicallye.g. a vici

11、ous murder a vicious killer 2） very unkind in a way that is intended to hurt someones feelings or make their character seem bad, e.g. She was shocked by the vicious tone in his voice. malicious, evil, violent, savage, cruel, fierce,Reading Focus Language Point,Their refrain might go sth. like this:

12、refrain: n. a remark or idea that is often repeated 重复 e.g. Their proposal met with constant refrain that it was impractical. e.g. . I made a terrific effort to refrain from tears. refrain: v. to hold oneself back; forbear e.g. Refrain from using such coarse language. 别使用这样的粗俗的语言。,Reading Focus Lang

13、uage Point,2 We love to hear the stories of people who have been transformed by their tribulations perhaps because they testify to a bona fide type of psychological truth, one that sometimes gets lost amid endless reports of disaster: There seems to be a built-in human capacity to flourish under the

14、 most difficult circumstances. Positive responses to profoundly disturbing experiences are not limited to the toughest or the bravest. In fact, roughly half the people who struggle with adversity say that their lives have subsequently in some ways improved.,perhaps because they testify to a bona fid

15、e type of psychological truth testify: give evidence for give testimony in a court of law; I can testify to his honesty.,Reading Focus Language Point,perhaps because they testify to a bona fide type of psychological truth bona fide: adj. made or carried out in good faith; sincere e.g. There are few

16、bona fide readers but many dippers. 真诚精读的人很少，但粗读者却很多。 e.g. a bona fide Rembrandt bona fide: adj. authentic; genuine,Reading Focus Language Point,There seems to be a built-in human capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances. flourish: develop well and be successful e.g. The economy i

17、s booming and small businesses are flourishing. Thrive: e.g. Children thrive when given plenty of love and attention. See：develop, bloom, grow, prosper,Reading Focus Language Point,We love to hear the stories of people who have been transformed by their tribulations perhaps because they testify to a

18、 bona fide type of psychological truth, one that sometimes gets lost amid endless reports of disaster: There seems to be a built-in human capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances. Positive responses to profoundly disturbing experiences are not limited to the toughest or the braves

19、t. In fact, roughly half the people who struggle with adversity say that their lives have subsequently in some ways improved.,我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变的故事，可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正的心理学上的真理，这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中：在最困难的境况中，人所具有的一种内在的奋发向上的能力会迸发出来。对那些令人极度恐慌的经历做出积极回应的并不仅限于最坚强或最勇敢的人实际上，大约半数与逆境抗争过的人都说他们的生活从此在某些方面有了改善。,Reading

20、 Focus Language Point,Positive responses to profoundly disturbing experiences are not limited to the toughest or the bravest. Positive responses only happen to the toughest and the bravest people. Anyone could obtain positive outcomes from difficult experiences. Only the toughest and the bravest peo

21、ple will undergo disturbing circumstances. The toughest and the bravest people are more likely to encounter profoundly disturbing experiences.,3. This and other promising findings about the life-changing effects of crises are the province（范围） of the new science of post-traumatic growth（创伤后成长）. This

22、fledgling field（新兴领域） has already proved the truth of what once passed as bromide（意在使人消气却没效果的话）: what doesnt kill you can actually make you stronger. Post-traumatic stress is far from the only possible outcome. In the wake of even the most terrifying experiences, only a small proportion of adults be

23、come chronically troubled. More commonly, people rebound-or even eventually thrive.,This fledgling field has already proved the truth of what once passed as bromide: fledgling: a fledgling state or organization has only recently been formed and is still developing e.g. Nurse the fledgling business t

24、hrough an economic downturn. A fledgling democratic country,Reading Focus Language Point,In the wake of even the most terrifying experiences, only a small proportion of adults become chronically troubled. in the wake of: following or as a result of sth 紧跟、效仿 e.g. In the wake of the crisis, the US wa

25、s now burdened with soaring borrowing, high unemployment, and collapsing house prices. 金融危机过后,目前美国承受着借款飙升、失业率高企和房价崩溃的重压。 The figures do not include restrictions on pork imports implemented by 39 countries in the wake of the swine flu outbreak. 该数字不包括猪流感爆发后,39个国家采取的限制猪肉进口的措施。,Reading Focus Language P

26、oint,Introduction,Reading Focus Global Understanding,Main idea: Many people find that enduring a harrowing ordeal _. There seems to be a built-in human capacity to _. What doesnt kill you can actually make you stronger.,ultimately changes them for the better,flourish under the most difficult circums

27、tances,Body,Main idea: People who have suffered the most, who have been forced to contend with shocks they never anticipated and to rethink the meaning of their lives, _ _ _ _.,may have the most to,tell us about that profound and intensely fulfilling,journey that philosophers used to call the search

28、,Reading Focus Global Understanding,for “the good life”,4. Those who weather adversity（逆境） well are living proof of the paradoxes of happiness. We need more than pleasure to live the best possible life. Our contemporary quest for happiness has shriveled to a hunt for bliss（福气） a life protected from

29、bad feelings, free from pain and confusion.,Those who weather adversity well are living proof of the paradoxes of happiness. paradox: a person, thing or situation that has two opposite features and therefore seems strange e.g. He was a paradox-a loner who loved to chat to strangers. The paradox is t

30、hat fishermen would catch more fish if they fished less.,Reading Focus Language Point,Weather： v. to come through a very difficult situation safely e.g. Unpainted wooden furniture weathers to a gray color. He said it was a “special” policy to weather the financial crisis. a weather-beaten face,Our c

31、ontemporary quest for happiness has shriveled to a hunt for bliss. Quest: n. the act or an instance of seeking or pursuing something; a search e.g. in quest of employment quest (for): v. seek after e.g quest for improvement /hidden treasures See: pursue, seek, search,Reading Focus Language Point,shr

32、ivel: v. 1) if something shrivels, it becomes smaller and its surface is covered in lines because it is very dry or old. e. g. Why do Kates onions grow so well while Johns shrivel and rot in the ground? 2) Gradually become less and less or smaller and smaller. e.g. Profits have shriveled since the s

33、tart of the economic crisis.,bliss: perfect happiness or enjoyment e.g. I dont have to get up till eleven. It was sheer bliss. This enjoyment of beauty fills me with such contentment and bliss that I can find no words to express my admiration for the designer.,Those who weather adversity well are li

34、ving proof of the paradoxes of happiness. A. Those who experience different weather conditions can find happiness. B. Weathermen are most likely to experience the paradoxes of happiness. C. Those who come out of a difficult situation soundly are the best examples of the paradoxes of happiness. D. Pe

35、ople gain happiness and sorrow if they handle adversity well.,We need more than pleasure to live the best possible life. The best possible life of humans depends on whether they are happy. The best possible life comes from pleasure. The best possible life needs more pleasure. Pleasure is not the onl

36、y thing that contributes to the best life.,5. This anodyne definition of wee-being leaves out the better half of the story, the rich, full joy that comes from a meaningful life. It is the dark matter of happiness, the ineffable （不可言喻的）quality we admire in wise men and women and aspire to cultivate i

37、n our lives. It turns out that some of the people who have suffered the most, who have been forced to contend with shocks they never anticipated and to rethink the meaning of their lives, may have the most to tell us about that profound and intensely fulfilling journey that philosophers used to call

38、 the search for “the good life”.,Anodyne: adj. expressed in a way that is unlikely to offend anyone e.g. Look at the reaction in India to some fairly anodyne comments by President George W. Bush. 不妨看一看, 在美国总统乔治-布什(George W. Bush)发表了一些不痛不痒的评论之后,印度人做出了什么样的反应。 Anodyne: n. a medicine that reduces pain.

39、止痛剂,Contend: v. to compete against someone in order to gain something contend for: e.g. Ten teams are contending for the title. have to contend with: have to deal with something difficult or bad e.g. As the world gets warmer, humans will have to contend with more and more diseases. Contend : v. to a

40、rgue or state that something is true e.g. The authors /think/believe/argue/contend/maintain/insist/assert/hold/observe/note that it is necessary to distinguish between these words.,It turns out that some of the people who have suffered the most, who have been forced to contend with shocks they never

41、 anticipated and to rethink the meaning of their lives, may have the most to tell us about that profound and intensely fulfilling journey that philosophers used to call the search for “the good life”. It turns out that some of the people who have suffered the most, who have been forced to contend wi

42、th shocks they never anticipated and to rethink the meaning of their lives, may have the most to tell us about that profound and intensely fulfilling journey that philosophers used to call the search for “the good life”. 有证明显示，那些遭受最多痛苦的人，那些被迫和他们从未预料到的震撼作斗争并且思考自己生命意义的人，也许能就深奥而极具成就感的经历给予我们最多的启示。哲学家们曾把

43、它称作对“美好的生活”的追求。,定语从句 Attributive Clauses: 1. In this way a vicious circle is set up which is difficult to break. 2. The patient who was treated with great care and in time recovered last week. 3. The disease, which may occur at any age, is most frequent in early adult life. 4. All the water that flo

44、ws through the wide pipe in a second must somehow get through a narrow part too, which it can do only by going faster. 5. Behaviourists, in contrast, say that difference in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that wh

45、ites enjoy.,Translation： 1. 我的当务之急是找到一份工作，解决温饱问题，这个目标已经达到了。 2. 我那时一心沉醉于公务员工作带来的体面，却忘了这工作的挑战性有多高。 3. 与一般蓝领职位相比，某些蓝领工作对知识有着更高要求，因此受过高等教育的员工更有发展空间。,1. 我的当务之急是找到一份工作，解决温饱问题，这个目标已经达到了。 My first objective was to land a job and solve the problem of food and clothing, which I have now done. My first objecti

46、ve was to land a job that could bring me food and clothing, which I have now done. A job that brings me food and clothing was my priority. And this goal has been reached.,2. 我那时一心沉醉于公务员工作带来的体面，却忘了这工作的挑战性有多高。 I used to focus on the prestige a government job brings, which made me forget how demanding

47、it is. I used to focus on the prestige a government job brings, which blind me to how challenging it is.,3. 与一般蓝领职位相比，某些蓝领工作对知识有着更高要求，因此受过高等教育的员工更有发展空间。 Some bluecollar jobs, which are more knowledge based than the usual ones, offer much more room of advancement for people with college education.,Im

48、itate this sentence: Some of the people who have suffered the most, who have been forced to contend with shocks they never anticipated and to rethink the meaning of their lives, may have the most to tell us about that profound and intensely fulfilling journey that philosophers used to call the searc

49、h for “the good life”. Some of the young people who have worked the hardest, who have been forced to face failures they had never exptected and to rethink the meaning of their lives, may have a deeper understanding of the growing pain, the indispensable part of human beings.,6. This broader definiti

50、on of good living blends deep satisfaction and a profound connection to others through empathy. It is dominated by happy feelings but seasoned also with nostalgia（乡愁） and regret. “Happiness is only one among many values in human life,” contends Laura King, a psychologist at the University of Missour

51、i in Columbia. Compassion, wisdom, altruism（无私）, insight, creativity- sometimes only the trials of adversity can foster these qualities, because sometimes only drastic situations can force us to take on the painful process of change. To live a full human life, a tranquil, carefree existence is not e

52、nough. We also need to grow and sometimes growing hurts.,The broader definition of good living blends deep satisfaction and a profound connection to others through empathy. empathy: n. Identification with and understanding of anothers situation, feelings, and motives; pity e.g. Empathy, the ability

53、to put oneself in the shoes of another, is the foundation of the moral sense.,because sometimes only drastic situations can force us to take on the painful process of change. take on: To undertake or begin to handle e.g. take on extra responsibilities,7. In a dark room in Queens, New York, 31-year-o

54、ld fashion designer Tracy Cyr believed she was dying. A few months before, she had stopped taking the powerful immune-suppressing drugs（免疫抑制药） that kept her arthritis（关节炎） in check（受控制）. She never anticipated what would happen: a withdrawal reaction that eventually left her in total body agony and n

55、eurological （神经系统的）meltdown（彻底垮台）. The slightest movement- trying to swallow, for example - was excruciating（痛苦不堪的）. Even the pressure of her cheek on the pillow was almost unbearable.,She had stopped taking the powerful immune-suppressing drugs that kept her arthritis in check. keep/hold in check:

56、to keep someone or something under control; to restrain someone or something. e.g. I was so angry I could hardly hold myself in check. Would you please keep your voice in check? 你将嗓门压低一点好吗?,8. Cyr is no wimp（懦弱无用的人） - diagnosed with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis（类风湿性关节炎） at the age of two, she had e

57、ndured the symptoms and the treatments (drugs, surgery) her whole life. But this time, she was way past her limits, and nothing her doctors did seemed to help. Either the disease was going to kill her or, pretty soon, she felt she might have to kill herself.,But this time, she was way past her limit

58、s. way: adv. By a great distance or to a great degree; far 大大地，非常地 e.g. way off base; way too expensive 远离基础；大大超过预算,9. As her sleepless nights wore on though, her suicidal thoughts began to be interrupted by new feelings of gratitude. She was still in agony, but a new consciousness grew stronger each night: an awesome sense of liberation, combined with an all-encompassing feeling of sympathy and compassion. “I felt stripped of everything Id ever identified myself with,” she said six months later.