英语语法-时态讲义

1、时 态,只要包括狭义的“ 现在”，都属于“ 现在”,一. 时态的含义 1.“时”和“态”的含义 现在 过去 将来 过去将来,说话人感兴趣的时间,时,1.一般经常性、一次性 （重“事实”） 2.进行 延续性/紧迫性/未 完成性/暂时性 （动作的情况） 3.完成结束性 4.完成 进行,“态”在“时”前,态,重“联系”,(1)早开始、未完成、将继续,(2)“时”之前一直在进行,二.各种时态对应的基本形式(以write为例),二.各种时态对应的基本形式(以write为例),变化技巧： 1.记住基本形式,2.在基本形式的基础上的演变技巧: “从后往前推，变前不变后” 如:,过去将来完成时的被动语态,过去

2、 would have been done,完成时 have been done,被动 be done,将来 will have been done,过去将来完成would have been done 时的被动语态,二.各种时态对应的基本形式(以write为例),二.各种时态对应的基本形式(以write为例),3. 注意： 进行时中,只有一般现在时和过去一般时才有被动语态。,只要包括狭义的“ 现在”，都属于“ 现在”,一. 时态的含义 1.“时”和“态”的含义 现在 过去 将来 过去将来,说话人感兴趣的时间,时,1.一般经常性、一次性 （重“事实”） 2.进行 延续性/紧迫性/未 完成性/暂

3、时性 （动作的情况） 3.完成结束性 4.完成 进行,“态”在“时”前,态,重“联系”,(1)早开始、未完成、将继续,(2)“时”之前一直在进行,2. “时态”就是“时”和“态”的组合,1 .情景模拟法-看说话人感兴趣的“时”，结合动词的特点。 如：（1）（04北京）Whats that terrible noise? -The neighbors _ for a party. A have prepared B are preparing C prepare D will prepare (2)(06全国) The house belongs to my aunt but she _ her

4、e any more. A hasnt lived B didnt live C hadnt lived D doesnt live,B,D,三.时态的判断方法（先“时”后“态”）,2. “数轴图示”法-看句中两个时间的相对关系。如： （05北京）When Mark opened the door, he saw a woman standing there. He_ her before. A never saw B had never seen C never seen D has never seen,(1) (06湖南)In a room above the store, where

5、a party _,some workers were busily setting the table. A was to be held B has been held C will be held D is being held,never see ?,opened / saw,B,A,were setting,hold ?,(2)（天津）By the time you arrive in London, we_ in Europe for two weeks. A shall stay B have stayed C will have stayed D have been stayi

6、ng,now,stay ?,arrive,C,3. 特殊句式。如： （1）“In the past/last + 时间段”常和完成时连用 In the past few years ,he has made a lot of friends . （2）Its the first/second time that +完成时. Its the first time that I have come here.,will do,do/does,be going to do,be to do,be about to do,be doing,用法的区分点,(1)临时性(2)客观的必然 (3)与if条件状

7、语从句连用,(1)计划性(2)主观性(3)据某种迹象推测,尤其是天气(4)if条件句中,(1)计划与安排,一般不易更改(2)命中注定,(1)马上发生(2)时间的紧迫性,(1)条件/时间状语从句(2)时刻表中,要干但未干,“将来”的表达法,1.He will be sixteen next year. 2.Sorry,I forgot. I will do it now. 3.I will wait for you at home if you come tomorrow. 4.Im going to attend a meeting next week. 5.Look! Its going t

8、o rain.If you are going to attend the meeting , leave right now. 6.The meeting is to be held at 3 p.m. tomorrow. 7.I was about to leave when he suddenly came in. 8.Hurry up! He is dying. 9.I dont know when he will go there. When he comes , tell me. 10.Every two hours a flight. Next takes off at six.

9、,1. - Youve left the light on. - Oh , so I have ._and turn it off. （2000全国） A. Ill go B. Ive gone C.I go D. Im going 2. - How are you today? - Oh , I _as ill as I do now for a very long time. （2000全国） Adidnt fell Bwasnt feelingCdont fell Dhavent felt 3. The reporter said that the UFO _east to west w

10、hen he saw it. （2000全国） Awas travelling Btravelled Chad been traveling Dwas to travel.,A,D,A,4. Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon _ to his old ways. （2000北京春季） A. returned B. returns C. was returningD. had returned 5. - Youre drinking too much. - Only at home. No one _ me but you. （

11、2000北京春季） A. is seeing B. had seen C. sees D. saw 6. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology_ so rapidly. （01全国） A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change,C,A,A,7. I _ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year.

12、（01全国） A. will play B. have played C. played D. play 8. Visitors_ not to touch the exhibits. （01全国） A. will request B. request C. are requesting D. are requested 9. The men will have to wait all day_ the doctor works faster. （01北京春季） Aif B. unless C. whether Dthat,B,D,D,10. John said hed been workin

13、g in the office for an hour, _ was true. （01北京春季） Ahe Bthis Cwhich Dwho 11. Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? （01北京春季） Yes, I gave it to her _ I saw her. A. while Bthe moment Csuddenly Donce 12. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _ it was? (01北京春季) A. where B.

14、what Chow Dwhich,C,D,B,13. You havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? Im sorry I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you. （02全国）wasnt sayingdont saywont say didnt say14. I wonder why Jenny _ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.(02全国) hasnt

15、 writtendoesnt writewont write hadnt written15. The little girl _ her heart out because she _ her toy bear and believed she wasnt ever going to find it. （02北京） A. had cried; lost B. cried; had lost C. has cried; has lostD. cries; has lost,A,D,B,16. Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favor? Of course.

16、 What is it? I _ if you could tell me how to fill out this form. （02北京） A. had wonderedB. was wondering C. would wonderD. did wonder 17. John and I friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we each other a couple of times before that. （02北京春季） A. had been; ha

17、ve seen B. have been; have seen C. had been; had seen D. have been; had seen 18. This is Teds photo. We miss him a lot. He trying to save a child in the earthquake. （02北京春季） A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing,C,D,B,19. How are the team playing? Theyre playing well, but one of them h

18、urt. （02北京春季） A. got B. gets C. are D. were 20. Sorry, Joe, I didnt mean to Dont call me “Joe”. Im Mr. Parker to you, and you forget it! （03全国卷） AdoBdidntCdidDdont 21. All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness . （03全国卷） A. has grown B. is growing C. Grew D. ha

19、d grown,C,D,A,22. At this time tomorrow _ over the Atlantic. （03北京） A. were going to flyB. well be flying C. well fly D. were to fly 23. - _David and Vicky _ married? - For about three years. （03北京） A. How long were being B. How long have got C. How long have been D. How long did get 24. The news ca

20、me as no surprise to me. I _ for some time that the factory was going to shut down. （03北京） A. had knownB. Knew C. have known D. know,A,C,B,25. Come and see me whenever _. (03北京) A. you are convenientB. you will be convenient C. it is convenient to you D. it will be convenient 26. How long at this jo

21、b? Since 1990. （03北京春季） A.were you employed B.have you been employed C.had you been employed D. will you be employed 27. When will you come to see me, Dad? I will go to see you when you the training course. （03北京春季） Awill have finishedBwill finish Care finishingDfinish,D,C,B,28. - Whats that terribl

22、e noise? - The neighbors _for a party. (04北京） A have preparedB are preparing C prepare D will prepare 29. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy_ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet. （04北京） A had consideredB has been considering C consideredD is going to consider 30. The mayor of Beijing say

23、s that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _ by 2006. (04北京) A has been completed B. has completed C will have been completed D. will have completed,C,B,B,31. - What were you doing when Tony phoned you? - I had just finished my work and _ to take a shower. （04天津） A had started B started C

24、 have started D was starting 32. The crazy fans patiently for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived. （04重庆） A. were waitingB. had been waiting C. had waited D. would wait 33. She her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job. （04重庆） A. would changeB

25、. has changed C. changed D. was changing,D,C,B,34. More patients _ in hospital this year than last year. （04江苏） A. treated B. have treated C. had been treated D. have been treated 35. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people_to enjoy the advantages of this new technolog

26、y. （04江苏） A. begin B. began C. have begun D. had begun 36. The discussion _ alive when an interesting topic was brought in. （04浙江） A. was coming B. had come C. has come D. came,B,D,D,37. Because the shop _, all the T-shirts are sold at half price. （04浙江） A. has closed down B. closed down C. is closi

27、ng down D. had closed down 38. You were out when I dropped in at your house. Oh, I _ for a friend from England at the airport. （04福建） Awas waitingBhad waited Cam waitingDhave waited 39. The window is dirty. I know. It _ for weeks. （04广西） A. hasnt cleaned B. didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been

28、 cleaned,D,C,A,40. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _ advertisements showing happy families （04湖南） A. will often see B. often see C. are often seeing D. have often seen 41. - I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday. - Oh, how nice! Do you know when she _ ? （04湖南） A.

29、was leavingB. had leftC. has leftD. left 42He kept looking at her , wondering whether he her somewhere . （04湖北） Asaw Bhas seen Csees Dhad seen,A,D,D,43George and Lucy got married last week . Did you go to their wedding ? No , I . Did they have a big wedding ? （04湖北） Awas not invited B.have not been

30、invited Chadnt been invited Ddidnt invite 44It is said in the book that Thomas Edison (1847-1931) the world leading inventor for sixty years . （04辽宁） Awould be Bhas been Chad been Dwas 45. The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945. and their power _ increased enormously ever since. （04上海） A. is B.

31、 was C. has been D. had been,D,C,C,46. The number of deaths form heart disease will be reduced greatly it people _ to eat more fruit and vegetables. （04上海） A. persuade B. will persuade C. be persuadedD. are persuaded 47. Lets keep to the point or we _ any decisions. （04全国I） A will never reachB have

32、never reached C never reachD never reached 48. My mind wasnt on what he was saying, so Im afraid I _ half of it. （04全国I） A was missingB had missed C will miss D missed,A,D,D,49. - Has Sam finished his homework today? - I have no idea. He_ it this morning. （04全国II） A didB has comeC was doingD had don

33、e 50. I _ you not to move my dictionary-now I cant find it. （04全国II） A askedB askC was askingD had asked 51. According to the art dealer, the painting_ to go for at least a million dollars. （04全国II） A is expectedB expectsC expectedD is expecting,A,A,C,52. - Thank goodness, youre here! What_ you? - T

34、raffic jam. （04全国IV） A keepsB is keepingC had kept D kept 53. How can you possibly miss the news? It _ on TV all day long. （04北京春季） A. has beenB. had been C. wasD. will be 54. Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on. Where was I? You _ you didnt like your fathers job. （04北京春季） A. had said B. sai

35、d C. were saying D. had been saying,D,A,C,55. I arrived late; I _ the road to be so icy. （04北京春季） A. wouldnt expect B. havent expected C. hadnt expected D. wasnt expecting 56. I _ while reading the English textbook. Luckily, my roommate woke me up in time! （04北京春季） A. had fallen asleep B. have falle

36、n asleep C. fell asleep D. fall asleep 57. Although he has lived with us for years, he _ us much impression. （04上海春季） A. hadnt left B. didnt leave C. doesnt leave D. hasnt left,C,C,C,58. He _ more that 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15? (05北京卷) A. has learnedB. woul

37、d have learned C. learned D. had learned59. Scientists think that the continents _ always where they _ today. (05北京卷) A. arent; are B. arent; were C. werent; areD. werent; were 60. As soon as he comes back, Ill tell him when _ and see him. (05北京卷) A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do

38、you come,A,C,D,61. - Why did you leave that position? - I _ a better position at IBM. (05北京卷) A. offer B. offered C. am offered D. was offered 62. Years ago we didnt know this, but recent science _ that people who dont sleep well soon get ill. (05广东卷) A. showed B. has shown C. will show D. is showin

39、g 63. The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box which _ placed under the Ministers car. (05广东卷) A. has been B. was being C. had been D. would be,D,C,B,64. When the old man _ to walk back to his house ,the sun _ itself behind the mountain. （05湖北卷） Astarted ;had already hidden Bhad s

40、tarted ;had already hidden Chad started ;was hiding Dwas starting; hid 65. He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _ that they wont support him unless he can borrow money from the bank. （05湖北卷） Awere deciding BHave decided Cdecided Dwill decide 66. - If the traffic hadnt been so heavy, I could ha

41、ve been hack by 6 oclock. - What a pity! Tina _ here to see you. (05湖南卷) A. is B. was C. would be D. has been,B,A,B,67. They _ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we _ it as no good results have come out so far. (05江苏卷) had been working; are still working B. had worked;

42、were still working C. have been working; have worked D. have worked; are still working 68. Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate. Oh! I thought they _ without me. (05江西卷) Awent Bare going Chave gone Dhad gone 69. Listen to the two girls by the window. What language _? (05全国卷

43、3) Adid they speak Bwere they speaking Care they speakingDhave they been speaking,C,A,D,70. Did you tell Julia about the result? Oh, no, I forgot. I _ her now. (05全国卷3) Awill be calling Bwill call Ccall Dam to call 71. What would you do if it _ tomorrow? We have to carry it on, since weve got everyt

44、hing ready. （05全国卷1） Arain Brains Cwill rain Dis raining 72. The heros story _differently in the newspapers. （05全国卷1） Awas reported Bwas reporting Creports Dreported,A,B,B,73. The coffee is wonderful! It doesnt taste like anything I _ before. （05全国卷1） Awas having Bhave Chave ever had Dhad ever had 7

45、4. More than a dozen students in that school _ around to study medicine last year. （05上海卷） A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent 75. At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and _ down to eat our picnic lunch. （05上海卷） A. sitting B. having satC. to sitD. s

46、at,D,B,C,76. My brother is an actor. He _ in several films so far. （05浙江卷） Aappears Bappeared Chas appeared Dis appearing 77. Are you still busy? Yes, I _ my work, and it wont take long. （05浙江卷） Ajust finish Bam just finishing Chave just finished Dam just going to finish 78. With more forests being

47、destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _ each year. （05山东卷） A. is washing awayB. is being washed away C. are washing awayD. are being washed away,D,C,C,79. Whats wrong with your coat? Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me _ on it. （05重庆卷） A. sat B. had sat C. had been sitti

48、ng D. was sitting 80. What are you going to do this afternoon? I am going to die cinema with some friends. The film_ quite early, so we_ to the bookstore after that. （05重庆卷） A. finished; are going B. finished ; go C. finishes; are going D. finishes; go 81. Millions of pounds worth of damage _ by a storm which swept