表语从句详细讲解及练习.ppt

1、什么叫名词性从句？,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses） 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等 因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句,名词性从句 noun clause,主语从句 subject clause,宾语从句 object clause,表语从句 predicative clause,同位语从句 appositive clause,名词性从句中的连接词 连词: that / whether / as if (though); 连接代词: what / who/

2、which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever， 连接副词: where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever,Predicative Clauses 表语从句,Eg. （例子） The person stood in front of you just now is my headmaster. 刚才站在你前面的那个人是我的校长。 I didnt know that it was you at that time. 当时我不知道那是你。 The door remained clos

3、ed. 门仍然关着。 Marys daily job is cleaning the house. 玛丽的日常工作就是打扫这间房子。,名词充当表语,代词充当表语,动词过去分词充当表语,动词- ing形式充当表语,The house is not only large but also beautiful. 这所房子不仅大而且漂亮。 When I went to your house, you were out. 当我到你家的时候，你不在家。 No one was in the dorm, when she arrived. 当她到达的时候，宿舍里没有人。 My job is to teach

4、you English. 我的工作是教你们英语。 The reason why he came late was that his clock didnt work. 他迟到的原因是他的闹钟坏了。,介词短语充当表语,副词充当表语,形容词充当表语,不定式充当表语,从句充当表语,表语,结构：放在系动词之后 作用：说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的 成分：表语常由名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、数词及从句来充当。 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner smells good. 3. He fe

5、ll in love. 4. My job is to teach you English. 5. The question is who will do it.,表语从句,表语从句的定义,The question is who will do it.,The question is difficult.,（ 表 ）,表语从句,（ 表 ）,表语从句的定义：表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语。表语从句和主语指同一内容，它对主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化。 结构是“主语+系动词+引导词+简单句（表语从句）”。 可以接表语从句的系动词有 be, look, remain, seem等。,Defi

6、nition（定义）,可以接表语从句的系动词有： 1: be动词 2: 感官动词：feel , seem , look, appear ,sound, taste , smell 3: 表示状态：remain ,keep, stay 4: 表示变化：become ,get , grow , turn ,go , fall 5:证明： prove, turn out 系动词的固定搭配:come true, fall asleep, fall ill, go bad,连接词：that / whether /as if /as though 连接代词：who / whom / whose / whi

7、ch / what 连接副词：when / where / why / how / because,引导词,观察思考：,指出句子成分,Henry was an American businessman.,Henry met an American businessman.,主语,表语,主语,谓语,宾语,（及物动词）,连系动词,2. 表语从句的构成,主语 + 系动词 + 引导词 + 简单句,This is why he did it.,表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。,What I want to say is that I am tired,Predictive clause 表

8、语从句 1. that 1) that 在从句中不担任句子成分，无实际意义，一般不能省略 2)在表“建议，劝说，命令”的名词idea, suggestion, request, proposal 等后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”（虚拟语气），should可省略 My opinion is that its getting better and better. My suggesstion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.,引导词的用法（一）,名词主语+be+that引起的表语从句,主语名词常常是 表示事实，真理的名词

9、，如：fact, truth 表示看法，观点、问题、麻烦的名词，如：idea, opinion, belief, view, news, advice, feeling, suggestion, plan, trouble, question, problem,1.The fact is that our team has won the game. 2.The truth is that she was the very person we are looking for.,what 在表语从句中充当_ 表示_. 1. The question is what caused the acci

10、dent. 2. That mountain is no longer what it used to be . 3. What he told you was what had been discussed at the meeting.,主语、宾语或表语,什么，什么样子，或所的（人或事）,引导词的用法（二）,who 在表语从句中充当_表示_. The problem is who could do the work 2. My trouble is who (whom) I can turn to.,主语、宾语或表语,谁,引导词的用法（三）,which 在引导表语从句时,常充当_ 表示 。

11、如： I read about it in some book or another,but what I dont know is which (book) it is.,定语,表语,其中哪一个,引导词的用法（四）,whether在表语从句中表 ,但不充当句子的成分。if 引导表语从句.如: 1.What the doctor really doubts is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. 2. The question is whether it is worth doing.,“是否”,不能,引

12、导词的用法（五）,whether,现在唯一要弄清楚的是他是否拐卖妇女儿童。 他提出的第一个问题是： 儿子无出息，父母也不光彩，是否如此？,All that is to be made clear is whether he abducted and sold women and children.,The first thing he put forwards was whether a worthless son was a disgrace to his parents.,as if, as though 引导的表语从句 as if/though引导的表语从句常置于连系动词look, se

13、em, sound, be, become等后面，常用虚拟语气，表示不存在的动作或状态。 e.g. It sounds as if/though somebody was knocking at the door.,主语+连系动词（look/seem/appear）+that/as if从句,引导词的用法（六）,*as if/as though引导的表语从句如果是事实，就用陈述语气，如果与事实不符，就用虚拟语气(主句一般现在时，从句就用一般过去时，be的话变成were。主句是一般过去时，从句用过去完成时)。 It looks as if he were her own father.(与事实不

14、符) Dark clouds are gathering. It looks as if its going to rain.,As /as if、as though,形势并不像外表所看到的那样。 她看上去很担忧他父母的病情。 他好像疯了似的。,The situation is not as it seems to be.,She looks as if she is worried about her fathers disease.,It was as though he were mad.,because,because引导表语从句通常只用于“This/That/It is becaus

15、e”结构中。 My anger is because you havent written to me for a long time. 你为什么不来出席座谈会？是病了么？,Why were you absent from the forum? Was it because you were ill?,引导词的用法（七）,that, why与because引导表语从句时的区别,虽然三者均可引导表语从句，但that没有词义，而why和because有自己的意思；另外，虽然why和because都可引导表语从句，但前者强调结果，后者强调原因。如： The reason was that you d

16、ont trust her.原因是你不信任她。 The fact is that they are angry with each other.事实是他们生彼此的气。 He was ill. Thats why he was sent to the hospital.他病了，所以被送到医院来。 He was sent to the hospital. Thats because he was ill.他被送到医院，是因为他生病了。,填空: The reason why we didnt trust him is _ he has often lied,reason 做主语时，表语从句只能用th

17、at引导, 不能用why 引导。句型结构为： The reason (why/for)is /was that. The reason is that,that,The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning （当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because）,他早上来晚的原因是他晚了一分钟而没赶上火车。,注意：,主语为reason 时，表语从句连接词用that, 但以it, this, that 开头做主语的句子，则可用because。 The reas

18、on for his being late was that he missed the early bus. She was late this morning. That was because she missed the early bus. * The reason _ he was late was that he missed the early bus.,why,例题2： The reason why he failed is _he was too careless. A. because B. that C. for D. because of,B,注意点2： 主句主语为r

19、eason, 只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because.,连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。,The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。,The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。,That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干

20、的。,That is where he was born.,那就是他出生的地方。,where, when, why, how引导的表语从句 连接副词where, when, why, how除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还充当时间、地点、方式、原因状语，本身具有词义。 e.g. Thats where I cant agree with you. This is why Sara was late for the meeting. This is how they overcome the difficulties. My strongest memory is when I attended

21、 an American wedding.,问题在于如何使古为今用，如何使洋为中用。 那时我在管伙食。 根本问题就在这里。 他不应该被贪污论罪，道理就在这里。,The question is how the past is made to serve the present and foreign things are made to serve China.,That was when I was in charge of mess.,This is where the basic lies.,It was why he should not be found of corruption.,

22、1、名词主语bewh-疑问词引导的从句 The trouble is where we can get the things we need. 2、wh- 引导的主语从句bethat 从句 What surprised me most was that all the pupils were unusually quiet. 3、This / That be wh-疑问词引导的从句 This is how you make the Italian pizza.,表语从句的常用句型：,表语从句引导词注意事项,1. that引导表语从句时不能省. 2. if不能引导表语从句. 3.除that外的所

23、有引导词都有自己的意义。 4. 除that, whether外的所有引导词都须在从句中充当相应的成分,5.表语从句中，从句用陈述句语序,1.-Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? -Oh, thats_ . A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited,A,解析： 这是由what 引导的一个表语从句，在从句中充当主语，这句话的意思为：那是使我感到兴奋的事。故答案为A。,2

24、.-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. -Is that_ you had a few days off? A.why B.when C.what D.where,解析:这是一个由why引导的表语从句,表示原因.这句话的意思是这就是你离开的原因吗?。故答案为A。,A,3.When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly_ he wants . A.what B.which

25、 C.when D.that,解析:这是一个宾语从句,wants后面缺少宾语,Always give the monkey exactly what he wants是一句谚语,意思是永远给予他人他确实想要的东西。故答案为A。,A,小结：,1. 表语从句的构成:,引导词+简单句,2. 引导词:,连词that, whether, as ,as if,连接代词who, what, which,连接副词when, where, how ,why,3. 3个注意点:,if 不引导表语从句,主语为reason时，引导词用that,语序,1. The question is _ we will have our sports meet next week. that B. if C. when D. whether 2