英语四级作文写作技巧.ppt

1、英语四级作文,四级各部分分值比例,听力（35%）、阅读（35%）、完型填空或改错（10%）、作文和翻译（20%）。各单项报道分的满分分别为：听力249分，阅读249分，完型填空或改错70分，作文142分。各单项分相加之和等于总分（710分）。,2,3,英语四、六级写作基本文体,首先要指出的是，四、六级作文在准备和对策上是基本一致的，因为两者评分标准基本一致，除了字数上的差距，四级120词，六级150词。英语考试的作文大体可以分为： 1、正反论型/利弊议论文(2011.06 Online Shopping ） 2、问题解决型/个人观点型(2012.06 On Excessive Packagin

2、g) 3、图表作文（2004年后未考，但是六级和考研常考） 4、书信作文。所谓的写信，无非就是在这几类的基础上，套用信件的格式而已。,三段式作文的结构安排,5,图表作文,1.根据上图描述该市住房产权的变化 2.分析产生这些变化的原因 3.说明这些变化对个人和社会产生的影响 第一段：描述图表 第二段：分析原因或后果 第三段：提出解决措施或预测趋势、影响,6,书信作文,1.建议报考的专业及理由 2.报考该专业的基本条件 3.应当如何备考 第一段：说明写信目的 第二段：扩充题干或提纲 第三段：期待对方回信,7,议论文写作的基本模式,从四级改革以来，议论文已经成为四级作文的绝对主流，无论是学生还是老师

3、，都对此类题目进行了充分的准备。对于这种类型的文章，写作框架如下： 第一段：现象背景介绍+引出话题（公众观点+大概理由）；第二段：关于话题的相关因素（影响，作用，好处，危害或原因等）；第三段：陈述自己观点或预期未来。 文章的三要素是：结构，内容和语言。对于此类型的文章，同学们是很难在结构上略胜一筹的； 至于具体内容，也完全不需要推陈出新，因为批卷老师是完全没有时间仔细看理由的。所以，如何体现我们的写作能力和文章价值，关键在于文章遣词造句的质量。 此类文章的高分原则为：第一，在文章中必须有五个左右的衔接词，来体现逻辑性。第二，用词尽量避免重复，体现语言的灵活和升级。第三，尽量使用非陈述句式，如倒

4、装、被动、虚拟语气及插入语等。,8,（1)Recentlytheproblemhasbeenbroughtintofocus. （2)Recentlythephenomenonhasbecomeaheatedtopic. （3)Recentlytheissuehasarousedgreatco-ncernamong （4)Withtherapiddevelopmentof，,英语四级考试写作高分速成佳句,1、引出问题,9,2、阐述观点的一二三原则,（1）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally （2）to start with, next, in ad

5、dition, finally （3）first and foremost, besides, last but not least （4）most importantly, moreover, finally （5）on the one hand, on the other hand（适用于两点的情况） （6）for one thing, for another thing（适用于两点的情况）,10,3.表示原因 1) There are three reasons for this recognition.2) The reasons for this issue are as follo

6、ws.3) The reason for this dispute is obvious.4) The reason for this argument is not far to seek.5) We have good reason to believe that. 6)There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief.,11,4.表示好处 1) It has the following advantages.2) It does us a lot of good. 3) It is conducive to us.4) It benefits u

7、s quite a lot.5) It is beneficial to us.6) It is of great benefit to us.,12,5.表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能 1) It is important (necessary，difficult，convenient， possible) for sb.to do sth.2) We think it necessary to do sth.3) It plays an important role in our life. 例如：Computers are now being used everywhere，wheth

8、er in the government，in schools or in business. Soon， computers will be found in every household，too. We have good reasons to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age.,13,6.表示措施 1) We should take some effective measures. 2) W

9、e should try our best to overcome (conquer) the difficulties. 3) We should do our utmost in doing sth. 4) We should solve the problems that we are confronted (faced) with. 例如：The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious.Therefore，we must take some effective measu

10、res to solve it.,14,7. 表示事实、现状 1) We cannot ignore the fact that. 2) No one can deny the fact that. 3) There is no denying the fact that. 4) This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in. 5) However，thats not the case. 例如：We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the

11、problems of pollution. To solve these problems， we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution. The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment.,15,8. 表示比较 1) Compared with A，B.2) I prefer to read rather than watch TV.3) There is a st

12、riking/sharp contrast between them.4) Theadvantagefaroutweighthedisadvantages 5) TheadvantagesofAaremuchgreaterthan thoseofB 6) Evidently，ithasbothnegativeand positiveeffects 例如：Compared with cars，bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable.,16,9.表示数量 1) It has increased (decreased) fr

13、om.to.2) The population in this city has now increased (decreased) to 800，000.3) The output of July in this factory increased by 15% compared with that of January. 例如：With the improvement of the living standard，the proportion of peoples income spent on food has decreased while that spent on educatio

14、n has increased. 再如：From the graph listed above，it can be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000.,17,10. 表示看法 1) People have (take，adopt，assume) different attitudes towards sth.2) People have different opinions on

15、this problem.3) People take different views of (on) the question.4) Some people are of the view that ，while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 5) From my perspective, the former/latter notion is preferable in many senses. The reasons are obvious. 例如：People have different attitudes t

16、owards failure. Some believe that failure leads to success. Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor. However， others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers.,18,最后叮嘱 1. 文章切题，长短适宜 2. 勤于练习，善于突击 3. 字迹工

17、整，增加印象 4. 虎头凤尾，佳句生花,19,文章结尾形式 结论性- 通过对文章前面的讨论 ,引出或重申文章的中心思想及观点 .1. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that .2. In summary/In a word , it is more valuable . 后果性- 揭示所讨论的问题若不解决, 将产生的严重后果.1. We must call for an immediate method , because the current phenomenon of . , i

18、f allowed to proceed, will surely lead to the heavy cost of .2. Obviously , if we ignore/are blind to the problem , there is every chance that . will be put in danger. 号召性 - 呼吁读者行动起来, 采取行动或提请注意.1. It is time that we urged an immediate end to the undesirable tendency of .2. It is essential that effec

19、tive measures should be taken to correct the tendency.,20,文章结尾形式 建议性 - 对所讨论的问题提出建议性的意见, 包括建议和具体的解决问题的方法.1. While it cannot be solved immediately, still there are ways to be taken. The most popular is . Another method is . Still another one is .2. Awareness/Recognition of the problem is the first ste

20、p toward 方向性- 其与建议性的唯一差别就是对问题解决提出总的, 大体的方向或者指明前景.1. Many solutions are being offered here , all of them make some sense, but none is adequate enough. The problem should be recognized in a wide way .2. There is no quick method to the issue of ., but . might be helpful/beneficial.3. The great challeng

21、e today is . There is much difficulty , but .,21,文章结尾形式 意义性- 文章结尾的时候,从更高的更新的角度指出所讨论的问题的重要性以及其深远的意义! 1. Following these suggestions may not guarantee the success, but the pay off might be worth the effort . It will not only benefit but also benefit .2. In any case, whether it is positive or negative,

22、 one thing is certain that it will ,Writing Task,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled “Online Shopping”. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.1.现在网上购物已成为一种时尚。 2.网上购物游许多好处，但也有不少问题。 3.我的建议,Model 1 One of the controversia

23、l issues today is_. According to a recent survey,_. In this essay, I will discuss the positive and negative effects of this issue and offer my own view on it. On the positive aspect, one of the most significant advantages is that _(优点一). Moreover,_(优点二). Perhaps the primary advantage is that _(优点三).

24、 On the negative aspect, for one thing, _.(缺点一) For another, _.(缺点二) As far as Im concerned, the benefits of _(主题) greatly outweigh its drawbacks. We should make better use of _(主题) and bypass its negative effects.,Model 1 One of the controversial issues today is online shopping. According to a rece

25、nt survey, online shopping has been widely accepted by people, especially among the young. In this essay, I will discuss the positive and negative effects of this issue and offer my own view on it. On the positive aspect, one of the most significant advantages is that online shopping brings a lot mo

26、re convenience for people. Moreover, customers have a variety of choices . Perhaps the primary advantage is that the goods online are not so expensive. On the negative aspect, for one thing, the quality of the stuff may not be as good as the picture shows. For another, its not safe enough to shop on

27、line. As far as Im concerned, the benefits of online shopping greatly outweigh its drawbacks. We should make better use of online shopping and bypass its negative effects.,writing task: Recreational activities,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Recr

28、eational activities. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.1.娱乐活动多种多样。 2.娱乐活动可以使人们受益，也可能带来危害。 3.作为大学生，我认为,Recreational activities,Everyone needs some recreational activities to help them relax after a days work or study. And there are many recreational activities avai

29、lable to us in todays society. For example, sports fans may choose to play basketball or football. Or one may take a break by watching TV or listening to music.,Recreational activities,Among the large number of recreational activities, some are carefully designed and can be beneficial to us. For exa

30、mple, playing basketball can help us get stronger and healthier. It can also enrich friendships while we play together with our teammates. However, some activities may cause harm, especially to young people who are curious about everything but are unable to control themselves. Playing computer games

31、 is one such activity. Many college students play them every day. Some students even develop addictions and skip school or stay up late into the night to play them. This can affect their study and health.,As college students, we should strike a balance between work and rest. Recreation is of great i

32、mportance to our life, but study is our primary task. If we want to play, we need to know clearly which activities are good and which are bad. At the same time, we should exercise self-control so that we wont get addicted to some bad activities.,Writing task,Directions: For this part, you are allowe

33、d thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic How I Finance My College Education. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below： 1 上大学的费用(tuition and fees)可以通过多种渠道解决 2 哪种渠道适合于我(说明理由),How I Finance My College Education Nowadays

34、, tuition and fees for college education are much higher than ever before. How to finance college education has become a matter of concern for many students. Different people have different ways to solve this problem. Some get all of the money from their parents. Some apply for a loan especially set

35、 up for college students. Some acquire the money completely by themselves, doing a full-time job in summer or winter holiday. Other students may ask their parents for most of it and earn the rest in their spare time in college, by doing a part-time job.,31,As far as Im concerned, I prefer the last w

36、ay. Having acquired most of the tuition and fees from my parents, I neednt worry too much about the money and can concentrate on my study; on the other hand, a part-time job in my spare time makes my campus-life colorful. I can make a lot of friends, improve my abilities and learn lots of knowledge.

37、 Accordingly, I choose this way to cover my tuition and fees.,Writing task,For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief account of the increasing, use of the mobile phone in peoples life and explain the Conseque

38、nce of overusing it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. People are crossing the street looking at their cell phones and using walking sticks in order to see.,33,From the cartoon given above, we can observe that there are many people crossing the street. Instead of lookin

39、g at the way, they are staring at their cell phones and using walking sticks to see. It is obvious that they are fascinated with cell phones while even ignore their security.,34,We learn from the cartoon that cell phones have been increasingly widespread in peoples life. Cell phones are of great ben

40、efit to all of us. One of the most obvious advantages is that we can contact with our friends and relatives more conveniently than ever before. However, it is mobile-phones advantages that lead some people to overuse or be addicted to them, which tends to exert a negative impact on our life. For example, overusing cellphones will reduce face-to-face communication among people. It seems that most of us enjoy the convenie